tm mmimm NEWS OF THE LANGUAGE PROBLEM AND ESPERANTO AS A SOLUTION Published by the Esperanto League for North America. September-October 1975. Editor: Charles R. L. Power. Editorial Committee: Robert Bailey, Margaret Hagler, Dorothy Holland, Jonathan Pool. Includes section in Esperanto, Bulteno, sent to ELNA members only. Children all over the United States can now study Esperanto through Project Aloha. PROJECT ALOHA SPREADS TO MAINLAND ...,*'****>*" Since 1968 the Hawaii English Program has involved elementary Esperanto instruction as part of a sixth grade unit on communications. Materials for the program were developed by ELNA member Mary Catherine Sears. This year the Program, under the name "Project Aloha", has spread to the mainland, starting In several districts of California and at least one in the state of Washington (Tacoma). It is hoped that Project Aloha will spread throughout all-fifty states. In Hawaii, the use of Esperanto was greeted with skepticism by some teachers. "I must honestly admit I had reservations on using Esperanto in the class in the first place," writes Mike Azevedo of . Waianae Elementary School. "It looked quite useless for a class that needed all the time it could get learning English. Well, we tried it and I must admit the results were surprising." Azevedo found that the international language not only captured the curiosity and enthusiasm of the students, but also broadened their attitudes toward foreign languages, making them less eager to belittle people who speak differently. It aided in English grammar and vocabulary as well. Frank J. Lent, another teacher at the same school, described the children's attitude toward Seperanto, saying "The very novelty and newness was a definite attraction to all of them, and they showed the kind of interest that I've only seen before when they were engaged In solving a fascinating puzzle." Teachers and administrators wishing to take part in Project Aloha should write to the ELNA Central Office, P.O. Box 508, Burlingame, CA 94010. American Esperantists Minerva Rees and Paul Stein (center foreground) with newfound friends at banquet in Peking. AMERICAN ESPERANTISTS IN PEKING For the first time since the founding of the People's Republic of China, two American Esperantists got a chance to speak with their Chinese colleagues in Peking this September. On being informed of her acceptance for a visit to China, Ms Minerva Rees immediately contacted Ms Tan Hiuchu of the editorial staff of El Popola Ĉinio, a color monthly which presents the achievements of modern China to the world's Esperantists. Ms Rees was pleasantly surprised to find fellow Esperantist Paul Stein among the members of the group, and even more pleasantly surprised to meet and speak with Ms Tan in the hotel lobby on the second day in Peking. On the third day of the visit, September 13th, the tour group was on the way back to the hotel after a visit to a Peking commune when the guide informed Ms Rees that she and Mr Stein were to be guests of honor at a banquet with the Chinese Esperantists. Eleven staff members of El Popola Cinio and the Esperanto Section of the Foreign Languages Press attended 2 the banquet, including Ms Tan and one gentleman who had been an Esperantist for forty years. Letters from American Esperantists, including ELNA President William R. Harmon were presented by Ms Rees and read to warm applause. The Chinese presented their visitors with several of their recent publications, including Noveloi de Lusin (Short Stories of Lu Hsun), as tokens of esteem. Not having more time to spend with her new Esperantist friends, Ms Rees felt a sharp contrast during the remainder of the tour -- which took in seven cities — between her direct relations with fellow Esperanto speakers and those with non-Esperantist Chinese besides the tour guides, which had to be conducted through interpretation by the latter. It is hoped that more meetings between American and Chinese Esperantists will further contribute to mutual understanding and friendship in the future. WHY NOT 70 LEARN ESPERANTO Reason 2: Of course Esperanto is a great language for Europeans, being based on European languages, but other peoples would surely reject it as a world language. There is an unspoken assumption here that the likelihood of a person accepting Esperanto has a direct relation to the similarity of Esperanto to the person's native language. The entire history of the international language undermines this assumption. The vocabulary of Esperanto is, for the most part, taken from the Romance and Germanic languages of the Indo- European family. But speakers of these languages, which include English, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian, have relatively minor language problems, since those languages are studied all around the world. And it is precisely the nations with quite dissimilar languages which have the largest Esperanto movements today. Esperanto was the creation of a Russian-speaking Polish Jew, and the early Esperanto movement was concentrated in Russia. Today, Japan has what may be the largest of all national Esperanto movements. The People's Republic of China and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam each have a larger annual output of government publications in Esperanto than any other nation. And within Europe, one of the largest movements is the Hungarian, although the Hungarian language is one of the few in Europe which is not a member of the Indo-European family at all. It should also be noted that, while the vocabulary of Esperanto can be traced to certain ethnic languages, the grammar is all its own. Linguists are still arguing over the advisability of classifying Esperanto as an Indo-European language, because it shows certain structural similarities to other language groups. The vocabulary of Esperanto is taken from the world's most widely studied languages, thus aiding the immense numbers of people who have studied or who may in the future study those tongues. A representational number of words from Korean would do little to help Korean learners and would be even less help to a beginner from Africa. What is needed is not a representational mixture to soothe everyone's pride, but a practical solution to a practical problem now-which is what Esperanto provides. [No. 2 in a series.) ESPERANTO AT AGRICULTURAL CONFERENCE One item on the program of the 12th International Botanical Congress (Leningrad, July 3-10, 1975) was a demonstration of over fifty overhead projector underlays, each giving the names of 1000 crops in a different language. The project, according to Plant Genetics and Germplasm Institute researchers James A. Duke and Edward E. Terrell, writing in the November 1974 issue of the scientific classification journal Taxon, "evolved from needs of the United States of America and the United Nations to suggest alternative crops to countries which elect to phase out narcotic crops such as Cannabis sativa, Erythroxylum coca and Papaver somniferum." "By listing the names we consider correct," they continue, "we may hasten the slow process leading to stabilization of names for economically important taxa... Agreement in names for economic plants would greatly facilitate international cooperation, correspondence, and computerization of data, besides being of great practical use to those who cultivate the individual crops." At the request of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, ELNA member Peter Benson prepared an underlay in Esperanto which was among those used at the conference. Benson's interest in lexicography is of long standing. For several years he has been preparing a new English-Esper- anto dictionary. This is intended to reflect American usage to a much greater extent than the dictionary by Fulcher and Long in current use, although British variants as well will be included. tttttttt**ttttttt*tt*tttttt*«ttt**tt*ttttt*t*ttt«« "EVERYBODY SPEAKS ENGLISH" DEPARTMENT, COSTLY SOLUTIONS DIVISION BUFFALO WATCHMAN CALLS POLICE - VIA ROME! A call came into Buffalo, NY police headquarters reporting a possible burglary in progress. There was nothing unusual about the call, except that it came from Rome, Italy. The episode began when someone knocked on the door of the Buffalo Belting and Weaving Co. early one morning. The elderly guard, an Italian immigrant who speaks little English, became frightened when the man at the door began shouting at him. The man pushed the guard aside and went into the building. A Buffalo patrolman reported, "The guard got a little nervous. He didn't know who to call, so he telephoned his uncle in Italy." The guard told the uncle what was going on, and the uncle, who speaks English, quickly telephoned a Buffalo operator, who in turn telephoned the police emergency number. By that time, it went down as a "burglary in progress." When police arrived, more than an hour and a half later, the unidentified man was gone. After a lengthy search of the premises, the police reported the motive for the Illegal entry. "He just wanted to use the bathroom," they said. —UPI, reported in "True Facts" column, National Lampoon, Oct. 1975. S-ino Dorothy Holland donas Esperanto-di Aune kaj Stacey Miller, kiuj studis ci-£ plomojn al f-inoj Karen omere dum 17 tagoj. Ekzamenoj La Usona Ekzamena Servo, instances sub la duobla egido de ELNA kaj Amerika Asocic de Instruistoj de Esperanto, provizas du ekzamencjn pri Esperanto- kapablo al usonanoj. Frue en 1976 gi esperas dis- ponigi al la usona esperantistaro trian ekzamenon, sur nivelo inter la du unuaj. Plej baza estas la Komencgrada Ekzameno, angle "Elementary". Sukceso ce tiu ekzameno indikas, ke la ekzamenito komprenas la bazajn reĝulojn grama- tikajn. Por klasoj ekzistas ankaŭ kontrola ^ekza- meno , per kiu la instruisto povas decidi, cu la lernantoj estas pretaj por la Komencgrada. Ankoraŭ preparata estas la Duagrada Ekzameno, angle "Intermediate". Gi kreiĝas pro la sento ce kelkaj, ke la breco inter la Komencgrada kaj Mez- grada Ekzamenoj estas tro vasta.1 La Mezgrada Ekzameno nomiga's "Advanced" en la angla, sed gi havas nivelon sub ekzamenoj, kiuj nomigas "superaj" en aliaj landoj. Gi tamen estas la plej altnivela ordinare disponebla en Usono. Sukceso indikas, ke la ekzamenito kapablas vivi en Esperantujo, t. e. ce Universalaj Kongresoj kaj similaj arangoj, kaj havas kelkajn bazajn sciojn pri la esperanta kulturo. Ciuj-ci ekzamenoj postulas ekzamenanton, sed ili estas tiel arangitaj, ke tiu ec ne bezonas scipovon de Esperanto, car la tutan jugan laboron faras la Servo. Materialoj kostas po $2,— por ciu persono, inkluzive sonbendon por la parola parto kaj belan diplomon. Jam ekde la komenco la Servon fidele kaj diligente administras ges-roj Roy kaj Dorothy Holland, 5140 San Lorenzo Drive, Santa Barbara, CA 93111. Estas rekomendinde, ke ciu loka klubo okazigu la ekzamenojn unu fojon jare por ciuj interesitoj en la regiono. (Daŭrigo sekvos.) Pro manko de spaco kaj tempo ne aperas ci-numere buĝeto kaj financa raporto, kvankam ili jam ekzistas en malneto post longa kaj svitiga laborado de niaj prezidanto kaj kasisto. Ili aperos, kune kun raporto pri la ĝisnunaj deci- de j de la nova Estraro, en la venonta numero, kiu, kredu aŭ ne, eliros antau la jarfino. £1 Ankaŭ anoncita por ci tiu numero estis aliĝi- lo al la 24a Kongreso de ELNA, sed anstataŭe ni tion ekspedis kun la aliĝiloj ĉi-jaraj por UEA kaj ELNA antaŭ unu-du semajnoj. Ni pardonpetas pri kelkaj fuŝetoj makulintaj la lastan numeron. La 24a ELNA-Kongreso kompreneble okazos en 1976, ne 1975 (p. 1). Kulpas la gravuristo pri duona forigo de amiko Sergio Docal en la foto sur p. E-3. Ges-roj Russ Olson (foto, p. E-8) loĝas en Ilinojso, ne Ohio. Kaj inter Humiko Nakano kaj Jim Cool (foto, p. 4) vidiĝas nemenciita SFERO-bultenistino Patricia Egan. 1I1IW1l1I1imil1l1IMW1I1l1lf1I1I1I1I1I1l1l11IW1I1!1l1I1I1I1I1lf1I1l1I1l11ITO ANONCETOJ REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE ESPERANTO. Por subteni la lastatempe renaskigintan portugalan Esperanto-mo- vadon, abonu gian kvaronjaran organon. Abonkotizo estas $4,-- jare, al Revista Portuguesa de Espe- 31, 2. -Esq., Lisboa-1, ranto, Avenida de Berna, Portugalujo. VOICEPONDENCE CLUB. Ankaŭ esperantistoj troviĝas en ci tiu klubo por sonbenda korespondado. Por informoj, skribu angle al Voicepondence Club, P. 0. Box 207, Shillington, PA 19607. INTERNACIA ESPERANTO-KLUBO AŬT0M0BILISTA. Informoj pri ci tiu organizo, kiu akceptas malgrandan dum- vivan kotizon, estas haveblaj kontraŭ afrankita' koverto ce Conrad Fisher, RFD 6, Meadville, ;PA' 16335. SENNACIECA AS0CI0 TUTMONDA. Informojn liveras la landa peranto de ties Sennaciista Frakcio, Karl Pov, 36 N. Ellsworth Avenue, San Mateo, CA 94401. ■ JUGOSLAVIA ESPERANTO-ADRESARO. Ne nur adresojn sed ankaŭ multajn aliajn utilajn informojn, ekz. pri la historic de la Jugoslavia movado, oni ri- cevos kontraŭ $2,—, ce Jugoslavia Esperanto-revuo Voco, 56223-Borovo, Skolska ul. 25, Jugoslavio. NOVA ELEKTO: NE-GEPATRECO. Plurlingva informa folio, cefe en Esperanto, havebla kontraŭ afrankita koverto ce d-ro E. J. Lieberman, 6451 Barnaby St. N. W., Washington, DC 20015. AUD-VIDA SEKCIO DE ELNA. Centoj da sonbendoj prun- teblaj kontraŭ bagatela lukosto. Nur por ELNA- anoj1 Por listo de programoj, sendu afrankitan koverton al H. Ken Ver Ploeg, 321 E. 19th Avenue, Spokane, WA 99203. VOLAS KORESPONDI: F-ino Erzsebet Pinter, 2800 Tatabanya 1. Fatelepi bekoto' lit 4/la, Hungario. 18-jara. ker, S-ro Dimitrij Gibulevskij, str. Cajkoskogo 25, kv. 11, HARKOV 24, Ukrainio, Sovetunio. 29-jara ofic- isto, ingeniero pri konstruado, interesigas pri lingvoj, moderna muziko kaj alumetetikedoj. Vic- prezidanto de Soveta Esperantista Junulara Movado, volas pliintensigi kontaktojn inter sovetaj kaj usonaj gejunuloj. S-ino Agnieszka Szmytkowska, ul. Lumumby 40 Km 1, 80-371 Gdansk, Pollando. 35-jara lektorino pri Esperanto. Interesoj: folkloro, religio, instruado, virinaj aferoj, Esperanto-movado. £-2 r Remember Esperanto Book Day! Coinciding with the birthday of Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, creator of Esperanto, is the traditional Esperanto Book Day, 15 December. Whether to celebrate Zamenhofs birthday, Esperanto Book Day, Christmas, Hanukah or the Winter Solstice, we recommend presenting a friend with a good selection from the stock of the ELNA Book Service. And while you're at it, make a selection or two for yourself! Some sug- gestions follow. LA SANKTA BIBLIO. 771 + 225p. $5.95. The late Montagu C. Butler once wrote that the person who wishes to "acquire a fluent international style and master the vocabulary" should "study diligently the best literature; especially Zamenhofs speeches and translations, and above all La Malnova Testamento. Copy out phrases worth remembering or imitating. Learn by heart passages of outstanding beauty." * * * LA NOBLA KORANO. xx + 669p. $13.95. The Arabic original is printed parallel with the excellent Esperanto translation of Dr. Italo Chiussi. A beautiful,volume which gives non-Moslem Esperantists the opportunity to become acquainted with the cultural traditions of the ever more important Islamic world. One of the series "Oriento-Okcidento" sponsored by the World Esperanto Association (UEA) in cooperation with UNESCO. MEMORLIBRO PRI LA ZAMENHOF-JARO. 104 16p. (photos). $5.00. A collection of essays written on the occasion of the Zamenhof Centenniel in 1959, by William Auld, Gaston Waringhien, Ivo Lapenna, Juan Regulo Perez, Seiho Nishi and many others. Themes range from the life of Zamenhof to the use of Esperanto in science, literature and family life. A rewarding resource book for those interested in learning more than just the grammar of Esperanto. ESPERANTO EN PERSPEKTIVO: FAKTOJ KAJ ANALIZOJ PRI LA INTERNACIA LINGVO. 844p. $40.00. Special price to ELNA members: $35.00. The most comprehensive volume of facts on Esperanto ever produced. Marjorie Boulton recently wrote: "Everyone who in some sense considers himself a serious Esperantist, and not just a peripheral hobbyist, can profit by study of ESPERANTO EN PERSPEKTIVO; but especially those of us who want to: give or take tests; teach; write about Esperanto; maturely and intelligently promote Esperanto in various media, and be armed against questions not only on those subjects about which, because of interest or temperament, we do know something, but also on those subjects which do not directly concern us—but often concern the questioner a great deal." Copiously illustrated. FUNDAMENTA KRESTOMATIO. xv + 442p. $4.95. Originally published in 1903 to provide a model of style to the early Esperantists, this volume has taken on the character of a historical document as well, bringing together a rich selection of the best short stories, poems, articles and anecdotes to appear during the first sixteen years of Espe- ranto's existence. Zamenhof recommended that anyone aiming at a good literary style read it not once, but several times. * * * NOVELOJ DE LUSIN. 488p. $3.95 Complete collection of the short stories of quite probably the most important Chinese writer of the century, Lu Hsun (1881-1936). These stories do not simply paint a picture of twentieth-century China prior to the revolution; they reveal the essential identity of the human condition everywhere, in every epoch. Illustrated. , » * ESPERANTA ANTOLOGIO: POEMOJ 1887-1957. 641p. $6.95. A cornerstone for any thinking Esperantist's library. Over 350 original poems written during the first seventy years of the existence of Esperanto, selected by one of our most respected poets, William Auld. The development of Esperanto noetrv» showing Influences traveling from Poland to Hungary to Scotland to Japan to Iceland, etc., is perhaps the most telling proof of the existence of a true Esperanto culture. Illustrated. Add 50$ shipping to all orders under $10. Californians add 6% state sales tax. Send all orders to: ELNA BOOK SERVICE, P. 0. BOX 508, BURLINGAME, CA 94010 A irrlaraitfltt for All "Lando de libereco, lando de estonteco, mi i ("Land of liberty, land of the future, I in salutas!' salute you!") -L. L. Zamenhof, Creator of Esperanto, at the Sixth World Esperanto Congress, Washington, 1910. For every ten Americans one could probably find eleven definitions of the American Dream, for this is the essence of freedom. But one idea which would probably recur more than most would be the feeling that the United States of America is a place where everyone is a first-class citizen, regardless of ancestry, religion or cultural tradition. It is true that this nation has not always met these lofty ideals, but it strives toward them today perhaps more earnestly than any other nation on the globe. Esperanto was designed for a world of first-class citizens. That ideal is still a long way off. At the United Nations, representatives of smaller countries must express themselves in alien tongues to save costs of interpretation and translation. In some parts of the world, people are still persecuted for using languages disapproved by their governments. This country itself has only begun to realize that not all its citizens speak English. The Esperanto Dream is a world in which every human being is free to use his own language as far as it will take him. But we need an impartial common language as well: the property of no one, but belonging to all. Esperanto. In order to share the American Dream with the Esperantists, and the Esperanto Dream with the Americans, Dr. Humphrey Tonkin has provided a bicentennial translation of the Declaration of Independence. Esperanto League for North America P. O. Box 508 Burlingame, CA 94010 A Declaration for All In his Commencement address to Pennsylvania's Class of 1975, President Gerald Ford called for "a new declaration of interdependence among ourselves and with all peoples." As a modest step in that direction, we had already invited Dr. Humphrey Tonkin, an associate professor of English at the University who is also president of the International Esperanto Association and vice president of the Esperantic Studies Foundation, to translate the old Declaration of Independence into the international language of Esperanto. It was particularly noble of Dr. Tonkin to oblige us inasmuch as he hails from Cornwall in England. En KONGRESO, la 4 an de Julio, 1776. In CONGRESS. July 4, 1776. * A 1$ unuammaJSSefelaro \>t u mm unmsmtaj Atatoj be &mertfeo, The unanimous Declaration of Ihe thirteen united States of America, 'T/ IAM en la Fluo de homaj eventoj, fariĝas necese, ke unu popolo dissolvu la politikajn ligojn kiuj kunigis ■ I? When in the Course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected -A^ilin kun alia, kaj alprenu inter la potencoj de la tero, la apartan kaj egalan lokon al kiu rajtigas ilin la them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to wliich the Leĝoj de la Naturo kaj la Dio de la Naturo, deca respekto pri la opinioj de la homaro postulas, ke ili deklaru Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare la kaŭzojn kiuj pelis ilin al tiu apartiĝo. —Ni konsideras la jenajn verojn memevidentaj, ke ĉiuj homoj the causes which impel them to the separation. —We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men kreiĝis egalaj, ke dotis ilin ilia Kreinto per certaj nefremdigeblaj Rajtoj, ke inter tiuj estas Vivo, Libero, kaj are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and la Sekvado de Feliĉo. —Ke por sekurigi tiujn rajtojn, Registaroj iniciatiĝas inter Homoj, derivante siajn the Pursuit of Happiness. —That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their justajn potencojn el la konsento de la regatoj, —Ke kiam ajn iu Formo de Regado fariĝas detruema al tiuj just powers from the consent of the governed, —That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these celoj, la Popolo Rajtas ŝanĝi aŭ aboli ĝin, kaj iniciati novan Regadon, bazante ĝian fundamenton sur tiajn ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principojn, kaj organizante ĝiajn potencojn en tia formo, kia ŝajnas plej kongrua al efektiviĝo de iliaj Sekureco principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety. kaj Feliĉo. Prudento ja diktas, ke Registaroj longe establitaj ne estu ŝanĝitaj pro malpezaj kaj efemeraj kialoj; and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; kaj sekve ĉiu sperto montris, ke la homaro pli multe emas elteni, dum malbonoj estas elteneblaj, ol restarigi and accordingly all experience hath shewn, that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right sin per abolo de tiuj formoj al kiuj ili kutimiĝis. Sed kiam longa vico de misuzoj kaj uzurpoj, sekvante themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing senvarie la saman Celon, malkovras intencon submeti ilin sub absolutan Despotecon, ili havas rajton, ili havas invariably the same Object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their devon, forskui tiun Regadon, kaj provizi novajn Sirmojn por sia estonta Sekureco. —Tia estis la pacienca duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future Security. —Such has been the patient elteno de tiuj ĉi Kolonioj; kaj tia estas nun la neceso kiu igas ilin ŝanĝi siajn antaŭajn Sistemojn de Regado. sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. La historio de la nuna Reĝo de Grandbritujo estas historio de ripetaj vundoj kaj uzurpoj, el kiuj ĉiuj havas The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having kiel rektan celon ia ŝtangon ue absolutaTiraneco super tiuj ei Statoj. Por pruvi tfon, Faktoj estu prezeiitiiaj in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted al senpartia mondo. —Li rifuzis sian Konsenton al Leĝoj plej sanaj kaj necesaj por la publika bonfarto. to a candid world. —He has refused his Assent to Laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. Reprinted with permission from the June, 1975 issue of The Pennsylvania Gazette. Copyright (c) 1975 by The Pennsylvania Gazette. —Li malpermesis al siaj Guberniestroj starigi Leĝojn de tuja kaj prema graveco, sen ke ili prokrastu ilian —He has forbidden his Governors to pass Laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their validiĝon ĝis havigo de lia Konsento; kaj dum tiu prokrasto, li komplete neglektis pritrakti ilin. —Li rifuzis operation till his Assent should be obtained; and when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. —He has refused starigi aliajn Leĝojn por la akomodiĝo de vastaj distriktoj de homoj, se tiuj homoj ne pretas cedi la rajton to pass other Laws for the accommodation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right reprezentiĝi en la Parlamento, rajto netakseble grava al ili kaj minaca nur al tiranoj. —Li kunvokis aliajn of Representation in the Legislature, a right inestimable to them and formidable to tyrants only. —He has called together leĝfarajn organojn al lokoj nekutimaj, nekomfortaj, kaj distancaj de la deponejo de iliaj publikaj Registroj, legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the depository of their public Records, sole por lacigi ilin tiel, ke ili konsentu al liaj proponoj. —Li ripete dissolvis Leĝfarajn Cambrojn, car ili for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. —He has dissolved Representative Houses repeatedly, for oponis kun vireca firmo liajn atencojn kontraŭ la rajtoj de la popolo. —Li dumlonge rifuzis, post tiaj opposing with manly firmness his invasions on the rights of the people. —He has refused for a long time, after such dissolvoj, elektigi aliajn; per kio la praktiko de la Leĝfaraj potencoj, neniel nuligeblaj, revenis al la Popolo dissolutions, to cause others to be elected; whereby the Legislative powers, incapable of Annihilation, have returned to the People ĝenerale; kaj dumtempe la Ŝtato restas neŝirmata al la danĝeroj de invado el ekstere, kaj konvulsioj interne. at large for their exercise; the State remaining in the mean time exposed to all tlte dangers of invasion from without, and convulsions within. —Li klopodis malhelpi la enloĝigon de tiuj Ŝtatoj; tiucele obstrukcante la Leĝojn pri Ŝtatanigo de Fremduloj; —He has endeavoured to prevent the population of these States; for that purpose obstructing the Laws for Naturalization of Foreigners; rifuzante la starigon de aliaj leĝoj por instigi iliajn migradojn ĉi tien, kaj altigante la kondiĉojn por novaj refusing to pass others to encourage their migrations hither, and raising the conditions of new Alproprigoj de Tero. —Li obstrukcis la Administradon de Justico, per rifuzo de sia Konsento al Leĝoj por Appropriations of Lands. —He has obstructed the Administration of Justice, by refusing his Assent to Laws for establi Juĝistajn povojn. —Li igis Juĝistojn dependaj sole de lia Volo, por la reteno de siaj oficoj, kaj la sumo establishing Judiciary powers. —He has made Judges dependent on his Will alone, for the tenure of their offices, and the amount kaj pagado de iliaj salajroj. —Li starigis amason da Novaj Oficoj, kaj sendis ĉi tien svarmojn da Oficuloj por and payment of their salaries. —He has erected a multitude of New Offices, and sent hither swarms of Officers to ĝeni nian popolon, kaj konsumi ĝiajn havaĵojn. —Li tenis inter ni, dum pacaj periodoj, Konstantajn Armeojn harass our people, and eat out their substance. —He has kept among ns, in times of peace, Standing Armies sen la Konsento de niaj parlamentoj. —Li celis igi la Militan potencon sendependa de kaj supera al la Civila. without the Consent of our legislatures. —He has affected to render the Military independent of and superior to the Civil power. —Li alianciĝis kun aliaj por submeti nin al jurisdikcio fremda al nia konstitucio, kaj neagnoskita de niaj —He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution, and unacknowledged by our leĝoj; donante sian konsenton al iliaj Aktoj de ŝajnigita Leĝfaro: —Por loĝigi grandajn grupojn de armitaj laws; giving his Assent to their Acts of pretended Legislation: —For quartering large bodies of armed soldatoj inter ni: —Por ŝirmi ilin, per falsa Proceso, de puno pro iuj ajn Murdoj kiujn ili eble faros kontrau troops among us: —For protecting them, by a mock Trial, from punishment for any Murders which they should commit on la Enloĝantoj de tiuj ĉi Ŝtatoj: —Por fortranĉi nian Komercon kun ĉiuj partoj de la mondo: —Por submeti the Inhabitants of these States: —For cutting off our Trifde with all parts of the world: —For imposing nin al Impostoj sen nia Konsento: —Por senigi nin en multaj kazoj, je la avantaĝoj de Juriaj Procesoj: —Por Taxes on us without our Consent:'—For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury: —For transporti nin transmaren por procesi kontraŭ ni pro pretsndataj krimoj: —Por aboli la liberan Sistemon de transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offences: —For abolishing the free System of Angla Juro en najbara Provinco, starigante tie Arbitran registaron, kaj plivastigante ĝiajn Limojn por igi ĝin English Laws in a neighboring Province, establishing therein an Arbitrcry government, and enlarging its Boundaries so as to render it samtempe ekzemplo kaj taŭga instrumento por enkonduki. la saman absolutismon en tiuj ĉi Kolonioj: —Por at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into tliese Colonies: forpreni niajn Ĉartojn, aboli niajn plej valorajn Leĝojn, taking away our Charters, abolishing our most valuable Laws, ant,' < —Por interrompi niajn propajn Leĝfarajn Organojn, kaj —For suspending our own Legislatures, and declaring themselves invested with power to legislate for us in ĉiuj ajn okazoj. —Li abdikis sian Regon ĉi tie, per dekl2.r0 ke ni estas ekster lia Protekto kaj per Militado all cases whatsoever. —He has abdicated Government here, by declaring us out of his Protection and waging War kontraŭ ni. —Li priŝtelis niajn marojn, ruinigis niajn Marbordojn, bruligis niajn urbojn, kaj detruis la vivojn against us. —He has plundered our seas, ravaged our Coasts, burnt our towns, and destroyed the lives de niaj homoj. —En la nuna tempo li transportas giandajn Armeojn de fremdaj Dungosoldatoj por of our people. —He is at this time transporting large Armies of foreign Mercenaries to kompletigi la verkojn de morto, dezertigo kaj tiraneco, jam komencitajn en cirkonstancoj de Krueleco kaj compleat the works of death, desolation and tyranny, already begun with circumstances of Cruelty and -For kaj fundamente ŝanĝi la Formojn de nia Regado: ' altering fundamentally lite Forms of our Governments: deklari sin ŝarĝitaj je potenco fari leĝojn por ni en perfideco preskaŭ sen paralelo en la plej barbaraj epokoj, kaj komplete malinda je la Ĉefo de civilizita nacio. perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the Head of a civilized nation. —Li devigis niajn Kuncivitanojn Kaptitajn en libera Maro porti Armilojn kontraŭ la propra Lando, fariĝi —He has constrained our fellow Citizens taken Captive on the liigli Seas to bear Arms against their Country, to become ekzekutistoj de la propraj amikoj kaj Fratoj, aŭ mortigi sin per la propraj Manoj. —Li provokis enlandajn the executioners of their friends and Brethren, or to fall themselves by their Hands. —He lias excited domestic ribelojn inter ni, kaj klopodis inciti la enloĝantojn de niaj limteritorioj, la senkompatajn Indianajn Sovaĝulojn, insurrections amongst us, and has endeavoured to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers, the merciless Indian Savages, kies konata militregulo, estas la sendistinga detruado de homoj de ĉiuj aĝoj, seksoj kaj kondiĉoj. Je ĉiu stadio whose known rule of warfare, is an undistinguished destruction of all ages, sexes and conditions. In every stage de ĉi tiuj Subpremoj Ni Peticiis por Reĝustigo laŭ plej humila maniero: Niajn ripetajn Peticiojn oni respondis of these Oppressions We have Petitioned for Redress in the most humble terms: Our repeated Petitions have been answered nur per ripetaj ofendoj. Princo, kies karaktero estas tiel markita de ĉiu ago propra al Tirano, estas netaŭga only by repeated injury. A Prince, whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a Tyrant, is unfit kiel reganto de libera popolo. Nek Ni neglektis atentigi niajn britajn fratojn. Ni avertis ilin de tempo al to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have We been wanting in attentions to our Brittish brethren. We have warned them from time to tempo pri klopodoj de ilia parlamento trudi neprayigeblan jurisdikcion super ni. Ni memorigis ilin pri la time of attempts by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We have reminded them of the cirkonstancoj de nia elmigro kaj ekloĝo ĉi tie. Ni apelaciis al iliaj denaskaj justeco kaj grandanimeco, kaj circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and ni alvokis ilin, lau la ligoj de niaj komunaj parencoj, malakcepti tiujn uzurpadojn, kiuj, neeviteble interrompus we have conjured them by the ties of our common kindred to disavow these usurpations, which, would inevitably interrupt niajn kunligojn kaj korespondadon. Ankaŭ ili surdis je la voĉo de justeco kaj samsangeco. Ni devas, do, our connections and correspondence. They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity. We must, therefore, submetiĝi al la neceso, kiu proklamas nian Apartiĝon, kaj konsideri ilin, kiel ni konsideras la ceteron de la acquiesce in the necessity, which denounces our Separation, and hold them, as we hold the rest of homaro, Malamikoj en Milito, sed en Paco Amikoj. — mankind, Enemies in War, in Peace Friends.— Ni, do, la Reprezentantoj de la unuiĝintaj Statoj de Ameriko, en Generala Kongreso Kunveninte, We, therefore, the Representatives of the united States of America, in General Congress, Assembled, apelaciante al la Plej Supera Juĝanto de la mondo pri la honesteco de niaj intencoj, solene publikigas kaj appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, deklaras, en la Nomo, kaj je la Aŭtoritato de la bonaj Civitanoj de tiuj ĉi Kolonioj, Ke tiuj Unuiĝintaj in the Name, and by the Authority of the good People of these Colonies, solemnly publish and declare, That these United Kolonioj estas, kaj laŭrajte devus esti Liberaj kaj Sendependaj Statoj; ke ili estas Absolvitaj el ĉiu Devigo Colonies are, and of Right ought to be Free and Independent States; that they are Absolved from all Allegiance al la Brita Krono kaj ke ĉiu politika kunligo inter ili kaj la Stato de Grandbritujo, estas kaj devus esti to the British Crown and that all political connection between them and the Slate of Great Britain, is and ought to be komplete dissolvita; kaj ke kiel Liberaj kaj Sendependaj Statoj, ili havas plenan Potencon pretigi Militon, totally dissolved; and that as Free and Independent States, they have full Power to levy War, sigeli Paeon, kontrakti Aliancojn, establi Komercon, kaj fari ĉiujn aliajn Aktivecojn kaj Aferojn kiuj laŭrajte conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and to do all other Acts and Things which apartenas al Sendependaj Ŝtatoj. —Kaj por apogi tiun ĉi Deklaron, kun firma fido je la protekto de dia Independent States may of right do. —And for the support of this Declaration, with a firm reliance on the protection of divine Providenco, ni komune juras inter ni niajn Vivojn, niajn Posedojn kaj nian sanktan Honoron. Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor. 75uJlf(t-. rtHitfiht&^ fad^l jfcXulf ly pledge to eacli oilier our Lives, our fortunes 1 •Jt&ifon */~ .. s^.s^-^r ^jwfcn^&HeTfK^ _____ fffu/rU.—; /f^,4~,iki ? £-3 ĈINA ESPERANTA MONATA GAZETO EL POPOLA CINIO VARBAS ABONANTOJN DE 1976 ABONKOTIZOJ: • UNUJARA ABONO DUJARA ABONO TRIJARA ABONO 2.20 US$ 3.30 US$ 4.40 USS ABONU 2e LOKA PERANTO: ESPERANTO LEAGUE FOR NORTH AMERICA P. 0. BOX 508 BURLINGAME, CA 94010 AU ESPERANTO LANGUAGE SERVICE CO. S-RO R. KENT JONES 3300 N. LAKE SHORE DRIVE, 6-D CHICAGO, IL 50657 AŬ REKTE Se: ESPERANTA SEKCIO DE GU