r\ ■^V.'. ■!-• ' Ffl f* gat r.i ■^r- June, 1926 The Quitter Problem ........................ 1 News and Notes from the Central Office.............,...... 4 Esperanto at Perkins Institution ............................. 6 The Krestomatio Class ........................................ 9 For the Beginner................. ....... ____ 14 Oincial Roots Apt to be Misused ___ 16 KORESPONDANTOJ Finnlando: Erkki S. Turunen. Litovujo: Pulgis Lemaitis. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION of NORTH AMERICA, Inc. a propaganda organization for the furtherance of the study and use of the International Auxiliary Language, Esperanto, Yearly Memberships: Regular $1.00: Contributing $3.00: Sustain!^ $10.00; Life Members $100. HERBERT M. SCOTT, Editor CLUB DIRECTORY This department la conducted solely for the benefit of our organised groups throughout the country. It furnishes a means of keeping In close touch with the work in other cities, for the exchange of ideas and helpful sugges- tions, and for the formation of valuable friend- ships in s united field of endeavor. D. Stockton, I f 4~\ T 1 Inc.— Fran- BERKELEY, calip. Berk» Rondo.—Vinton Smith, , Oakland, Calif 8AKLAND. CALIF, aktand E-peranta-Rondo.—L. Secretary. h St. SAN FRANCISCO. CALIP, PinrrnntM A.i*»OiMiitifjii of C '\\\ M irsnall, Sec. MONTREAL, CANADA. Montreal Esperanto A n: Meets each Monday e g nt 8 in Room 25, 747 St. itherine St., West, Sek. G. E. Warner. OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLA. La Oklahoma kunvenaa dimanre \ \rto kaj Science- Klubo, 2501 W. Ave. MCM, RR6, Box 156, Oklahoma, Okla. C. R. D. S. Oakford, Prez. WASHINGTON, D. C. Kolumbia Esperanto-Asocio, third Thursday October to May ; Kabe.i Klubo, other Thurs- days throughout the year, at 8 P. M. Class. Thursday, at 7.30. All at 1918 Sunderland Place. CHICAGO. ILLS. La Gradata Esperanto-Societo, Dvorak Park. —-Jaroslav Sobenrad, Secretary, 5625 23rd R Cicero, 111. La E3peranto Oficejo, 1669 Blue Island Ave,— Kunvenas 2an kaj 4an sab. ĉiumonate. ROCKFORD, ILLS. Scandinavian Esperanto Institute, 419 7th St. BOSTON, MASS. Boston Esperanto Society, 507 Pierce Bldg., Copley Sq.—Meets Tuesdays, 7 P. M. Miss M. Butiiuin, Secretary. WORCESTER, MASS. Worcester County Esperanto Society.—Busi- ness Institute, every Friday, 8 P. M. BALTIMORE, MD. La Baltimore. Md., Esperanta Rondeto meets 1st and 3rd Wednesday evenings in month at Md. Academy of Sciences. DETROIT, MICH. Detroit nto Office, 2916 East Grand Blvd.—Open daily. Library at disposal of everybody daily, 7 A. M.-9 P. M.t except Tues. and Pri Classes meet Tues. and Fri., 8.10 P. M. La Pola Esperanto Asocio, 1507 E. Carfielŭ Ave,—B. Lendo. Sek., 3596 29th St. Groups are listed for 12 Issues of the maga- zine, at a cost of only 25 cents for the two- line insertion. Extra lines are 10 cents each additional. The heading,—name of city or town—is inserted free. This matter warrants the immediate attention of every club secre- tary. Group Charter—$1.00. NEW YORK CITY, N. Y. The New York Esperanto Society.—Miss L. Stoeppler, Sec, 63 West 94th St. The Barĉo, or Esperanto Supper, is held on the first Saturday of each month, 6.45 P. M. at Hotel Endicott, 81st St. and Columbus Ave. WEEHAWKEN. N. J. Hudson County Esperanto Society, Tlox 32, Weehawken, N. J. Head tern: Room 307 fluilding, TJnion Hill. N. T. Meet- ings: The second Tuesday of month. Sec- retary: Mr. O'Brien, 6 Hageman Place, West New York. N. J. Literatura Klaso. under direction of J. J. Susamuth, every Tuesday ex- ond. Room 307 Dispatch Building, N. J. •#M ,t CLEVELAND, OHIO. The CIt I ''» M TORONTO, CANADA. ciety, 9010 I mto ta 514 J PHILADELPHIA. PA. Philadelphia Esperanto Society, Henry W. Hetzel. Sec'y. Wo- la. High School business every 18th and Arch ., 8.15 P. JV meetings e hour other Frida. I.oka Oficejo, 133 N. 13th St. (Libro- vendejo de Peter Reilly, Vic-Delegito de U. E. A.) Rondeto de Litovaj Esperantistoj, 2833 Liv- ingston PITTSBURGH. PA. Esperanto Sec, Academy of Science and Art. —f. D. Hailman, Sec, 310 S. Lang Ava. Fridays, 8 P. M. MILWAUKEE, WISC. Hesperus Esperantists.—S-ino B. H. Kerner, Sek., 629 Summit Ave.. 3rd Tuesdays, 8 P. II. ST. PETERSBURG, FLORIDA. Amikcco Rondo meets T 4,00 P. M., Fridays 8.00 P. M. E- E. Owen-Flint, Sec 211 7th Ave. North. TOPEKA, KANSAS Esperanto Association. Prez. Capt. Geo. P. Morehouse. Sek-iino, S-ino Lida R. Hardy. 1731 Lane St. Kores-Sek-iino, F-ino Leone Newell, 635 Watson St. Amerika Esperantisto ORGANO de la ESPERANTA ASOCIO DE NORDA AMERIKO 507 Pierce Bldg., Copley Square Boston 17, Mass., U. S. A. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR Vol. 36. June, 1926. No. 2. THE QUITTER PROBLEM Some time ago we received a letter from an old experienced propagandist in the course of which he said, "The only questi for us... is how to toll* up those who have had a beginnei course in Esperanto and not let them lose their interest. Hope s you have some inspiration and that you will make it knov j through an article in Amerika Esperantisto/1 Well, without | waiting for the inspiration here goes the (so-called) article, in T the hope that it will strike out inspiration from those who may j have it, to our general good. I The quitter problem is as old as history, for the (putting in- I stinct is one of the infirmities of human nature. Those that I lay down have clogged the path of every great movement since I the dawn of civilization. Achilles moped in his tent, and the I Trojans had the upper hand for a while. Cleopatra withdrew her fleet at Actium, and Octavius defeated Mark Antony. Richard II -Idiered" on the job, and the house of Plantagenet was at an end. Columbus discovered land just in time to escape being turned back by a (putting crew. Even Moses had to have his arms propped up in the battle with the Amalekites. In the parable of the sower Jesu> Christ speaks of the seeds that "fell upon the rocky places, where they had not much earth: and straightway they sprang up, because they had no deepness of earth: and when the sun was risen, they wer corched; and because they had no root, they withered away." At the outset it is well to remember that defections from our ranks may delay, but cannot in the nature of the case prevent the ultimate complete establishment of the international auxil- iary language. In his immortal brief "The Content and Future of the Idea of an International Language" our Founder, at a period when the movement had not reached a tenth of its pres- ent proportions, both proclaims his faith and gives his reasons therefor in the following words: AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO ui >ur can idvarr vly and amid great difficulties* It may well be that the most of us will not live to see the clay when the fruits of our action will be manifest, and till death itself we shall he the object of jibes; but we shall enter the tomb with the consciousness that our cause will not die, that die it never can, that sooner or later it must prevail. And even tho, weary of the thankless labor, we were in clespair and apathy to fold our arms,—never- theless the cause will not die. In place of the spent champions new champions will appear. For we repeat again: if it is beyond doubt that international language would confer an immense boon upon mankind, and fur- thermore that it is feasible, then for no one with an open mind can there be a shadow of a doubt that it will sooner or later be realized, and our constant labor will stand for mankind as a perpetual memorial until such time as the idea of international language shall be consummated."* There are in the Esperanto movement three main types of quitters. First there is the idealist win» saw in Esperanto the dawn of the millennium, and because the day does not break as qui< kly and flashily as he would like, rolls hack into his blanket and goes on dreaming. Such an one rarely learns the language to any extent. He or she is seldom, therefore, really an Espe- rantist at all, according to the official definition we shall soon quote. It is this class that waxes vociferous in society meetings with plans for a green flag on every school, Esperanto-speak- ing clowns for ry circus, or Esj>eranto names for Pullman sleeping cars. Because their schemes do not meet with favor, and they are not placed at the head of the propaganda commit- tee, they become disenchanted with the movement, and we are rid of them. Another class is interested in Esperanto as a language, pri- marily, and therefore learns it prettv thoroly. The K ination of tin rtificial language is for them of the order of a construc- tion i or a knockdown motor boat. This class thinks little or nothing of the practical applications of International. They know little of and appreciate less the present-day diffusion of the language, nor are they interested in contributing to the work of spreading the good news still further. The re after lin- guistic perfection as a means of intellectual enjoyment. Of peranto being (level- I with no such aim, they are •oner or later d Then they do one of two thing either give up the subject alb her and take up some new toy, or else they join one or other of the scattered group of iheori who are "per ting*1 t') this or that dialect of ♦Fundanunta Krestomatio p. 284. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Esperanto in their own individual lines without reference i the great body of practical users of International. Let us note that this class also, even tho they have a work- ing knowledge of Esperanto, are not really Esperantists accord- ing to the official definition which we shall quote presently. With regard to the two types of quitters we have just de- scribed—the crank and the dilettante—we feel that unless they reform the quicker our ranks are rid of them the better for our great cause. Their adherence to us in the first [dace has been due to wrong methods of propaganda—an overemphasis of the ideal side of the movement and of the perfection of J ranto as a language. With the growing prevalence of business meth- ods in our missionary work, an exaltation of accomplished facts and an unceasing appeal to common sense, we are receiving ac- cessions from secti< of the public which, if we can hold them, will bring about the final consummation of our endeavors with- in a remarkably short time. This brings us, in our c ideration, to the third type of quitter, and the only type which it is worth our while to try to retain. And for this type of quitter we are OUrselvi . oy our teaching methods, largely to blame. Thi the class of be- ginning students who are attracted to Esperanto out of a sin- cere desire to get into a closer, touch with international affairs by means of Esperanto. Yet it i> undeniable that very much of such excellent material is lost to us before the end of the first course in the language. They lose interest They quit Why? Well, some have not the persistence to carry thru the small amount of effort and work, comparatively, which is needed to attain a good knowledge of Esperanto. That is where they are to blame. But where we teachers are to blame is in not making our classes a direct introduction to practical international com- munication. Do we realize that considerably before a student IS ready for the Elementary Examination of EANA he is fully ipahle of exchanging simple post cards with similar student in other countn- How many teachers make this a goal of the elementary stage of their instruction? Then in place of the fairy tale typ f first reader how about making up a first reader by judicious selection of the jokes, news items and sim- pler article he current Esperanto magazir Why not encourage each member of the class to take a different foreign paper, and then exchange them thru the cl Help the busi- ness or professional man while yet in class to get in touch with his colleague- thruout the world, and this at a irly a stage as possible. Correct his letters abroad. Help him read his first answers from abroad, At a later stage, in conjunction with the Krestomatio (which the writer, by the way, regards as a sine qua non of complete Esperanto education), let the class take up AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO such informative work as Nitti's Europe ĉe la Abismo, (Europe at the Al i), Honorat's La Sendangereco de Francujo (The ifety of France), Baroness von Suttner's For la Batalilojn! Down with Weapons), «>r novels like Viktimoj (a Hungarian tale of Siberian prison camps), Luyken's Pro Iŝtar (For Astar- ), or the Polish, Bulgarian or Catalonian Anthologies. Have the advanced students write essays and articles not as a theoretical exert but (after correction) for actual publica- tion in foreign Esperanto papers, which are only too happy to receive such contributions from- abroad. In fact the editor of tliis paper has made it part of his job to tr tnit such articles to foreign papers, in exchange for articles from abroad lor pub- lication in Amerika Ksperantisto. The Declaration of Boulogne, that marvelously broad and sane constitution of our movement, defines an Ksperantist as "a person who knows and uses Esperanto/' Both knowledge and pre al use are necessary to constitute a true Ksperantist, and according to our view if more attention were paid by teach- s to the latter requisite there would be fewer quitters from our asses. We would like to receive, for public. '-rious letters from practical Esperanto teachers giving their view of the quitter problem, how they arc dealing with the same, and the concrete result of their methods dealing therewith. NEWS AND NOTES FROM THE CENTRAL OFFICE Canada Professor Louis Allen, University of Toronto, French Depart- ent has again been elected President <>f the Toronto group, with If W . M. Jenkins Berving as retary. Mr. Wall's Esperanto lessons continue in "Radio" and in- quiries are coming foi -books. Mr. Jenkins* comments on course appeared in April "Radio" with a display heading Esperanto is Appreciated," and under the pen-name Angluj other articles from him on international language have appeared in tl lily Star and Mail and Empire. Illinois With Mr. P. K. Simonek tractor, a course of lessons was in in Chi m February 14th. and .at the end of the I'm half of the course ne had dropped out. This is a recoi ■ldom equalled. The course will finish May 16th with exami- nations on the 23rd. .. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Minnesota An article in a recent issue of The Northwestern Miller en- titled "Concerning the Uses of Espe With Respect to the Breadstuff Industry'1 is in the form of an interview with Mr. Charles II. Briggs of the Howard Wheat & Flottf Testing Laboratories and includes a portraii of tins well known expert in bath fields. It relates the story of Esperanto, its general prin- ciples and Mr. Briggs' many experience ' a delegate of U. E. A. with the various unusual and interesting things which go with it. Parallel columns <>i the gener; I terms I I in milling are given in Esperanto and English, starting with the root- wor Muel" and its derivatives. No doubt letters of inquiry will come mi account of tlii ry well written page, \ io course in Esperanto from the University Studio WtV(), was annoUl 1 to begin Monday May 17th conducted by Dr. Edwin L. Clarke. It will be continued each Monday evening between eight and nine o'clock Central Standard time. Michigan Joseph II. Murray, President of the Detroit Esperanto So- ciety, is ^tiling on the Great Lakes this s< m and writes from "Henry Ford 11, U. S. Marine Post Office, Detroit." He has been to the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, and .spoken twice before the Tolstoy Club of which Dr. Onderdonk i-> the head and is also teaching the Esperanto course. Hans Retu- rning of the Detroit Soci< also at sea and has been heard from in New Orleans, Japan, China, Calcutta. New York The Esperanto course to be given at Columbia University this summer b\ Miss Helen on is intended to train teach- er five courses in Esperanto - children in the autumn. \- a language teacher she feels that the preliminary study of a logical language is useful preparation for the study of natural languages in giving the child a real language a> well as helpful in acquiring the roots t e found later in other modern languages. Miss Eaton is linguistic arch assistant to the I. A. L. A. and along the same lines followed by Professot Pierre Buvet in the Institute J. J. Rous eay in Geneva, and the xperiences of Professor Stanwood Cobb of the Chevy Chase Country I )ay School. The March Barĉo of the Harmonic Esperanto Club was held on Frida) evening the nineteenth at the Automobile Club of America. An unusually fine entertainment followed consisting of a violin solo by Dr. Rubenstein with Miss LaGambia at the piano and songs by Miss Saltinan. There were also short tall by Max Amiel just returned from Palestin tba who h. been studying at the University of Illinois and Mr. P. P. Chri AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO tenseti of Chicago, The group went over to the nnd mil: of the Parents' League of X« York after which they returned to the utomobile Clul r dancing. It was an ning long to he remembered for Harmonio. Pennsylvania Nineteenth Annual Congress of the Esperanto Association of North America, Jul} 20-25. Headquarters Hotel Pcnnsylvani end in early for your reservations. Extra copies of congre circular will be sent Oil request. Make your vacation fit in ith the Congress date and take the opportunity to visit the Sesquicentenniak Please send in full and detailed reports of all cla ttd her Esperanto activities for the year before July first. Never mind if you think some one else has done it; perhaps you will think of some interesting item which has not been mentioned. It is urgently requested that magazine subscriptions he paid promptly; and if any have neglected to send in membership dues let this be a reminder that a remittance will he appreciated. E. J. Meriam, Secretary. ESPERANTO AT PERKINS INSTITUTION AND MASSACHUSETTS SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND, WATERTOWN, MASS. The general annual exhibition of the activities of the pupils at the above institution was given at Jordan Hall. Boston. April 29th at 3 P. M.. the lion. Francis Henry Appleton, pre- siding. T Dr. I). ( ). S. Lowell gave a course in Esp I Perkins to a group made up of students and teacher The study has been ntinued and an Esperanto pn an pn pared by Miss Grace M. Hill w given at the exhibition under classroom Work by Pupils of the Upper School." \ >up f tl -peranto. unique was this that it can best be described 1 the pr am prepared by Miss Hill which i> given below. INTRODUCTION By Bertha Wile In the spring of 1924. we girls, then in the 8th grade at Perkins In>t., began the study of Esperanto, a knowledge of which may one da open up to us a new field of usefulness. During that term, we had time to study but six lessons in our k, and then, for a lull year and a half, we had no lessoi AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO whatever. This winter, when p ible, we have had one t minute period per week. The study has I i optional, m I required subject on our regular program. We have therefore advanced but slowly, having covered, in all, only about one- fourth of the lessons in our textbook for beginners; yet we have learned enough to enable us to translate Esperanto letters, I ceived from foreign lam We are now to rente in Esperanto a poem, written by the inventor of this langt e, and the well-known story of The House that jack Built;" but before doing so, it seems fitting that we should speak briefly of the origin, aim, and value of peranto, THE ORIGIN \X1) PURPOSE OP ESPERANTO By Eva Gagnon Dr. Zamenhof, the author of Esperanto, was born in Poland, in 1859. In his native town were four distinct races: Polt Russian-, Germans, and Jew\-, each with it vn language and customs, and often at open enmity with one another. 1 n as a child, he felt thai they hated because they could not under- stand one another, As he grew older, he felt keenly the isola- tion of his own people, the Poles, because of language barriers, ami he therefore set himself to work to invent a language which should be neutral, and which would ablish a neutral founda- tion, on which the various ra of mankind might hold j e- ful, brotherly intercourse, without intruding on each other their cial differences. His proposition met with the usual reception of new ideas— opposition and even ridicule from those incapable of such tar ted vision a- hi-. It doubtful, how r, whether even dreamed that his language, after strugglinj obtain a foot- hold in his own COU1 and almost suffering extinction, would be sudden!) revived, a one of the resull a great world war, and come to eii in- globe on invisible lines, stretching from shore t bore of the great oceans. We may tliereforc think of him as one who huihled better than he knew. THE VALUE OF ESPERANTO TO THE BUND Irene Duquette e ains two ways in which Esperanto is helpful to the blind. In 1901, a certain distinguished French physician, living in Paris, was stricken blind while still in the midst of an active He tells ns that nearly all the intelligent blind people whom ame to know, had decided to learn Esperanto. There are two reason- r this: 1st. Esperanto can he learned without the use of a lexicon; 8 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO i i and since the embossed print dictionary is. of necessity, divided into many cumbersome volumes, this advantage is of prime im- portance to the blind man. 2d. Esperanto emp - but a few principles of word-build- ing, and when one has acquired a working-knowledge of these principles, he possesses what will likely prove to be a master- key to the literatures of the world, as the classics are being translated into Esperanto. FEDORA BESSETTE WILL SHOW HOW THE AUTHOR'S PURPOSE IS BEING REALIZED Esperanto is much better known in Europe than it is, as yet, in this country. It was natural that the wisdom of his plan should bec< me apparent first to those most in need of a com- mon language in which to transact business; and since, in Eu- rope, within an area equal to that of the U. S., many different langu; - ar spoken, the need of an international language lias been more keenly felt there than in the U. S., where English pred< «minates. En Helsingfors, Finland, a country of northern Europe, there published in Esp ato, a monthly magazine for the blind. This mag te b -rid-wide circulation, and is doing much to bring together the blind of every creed and nation. Its reader^ learn of the achievement- of their sightless brothers and sisters, who are finding their way to useful citizenship. Tlii- magazine published an a imt of the convention held at Perkins Inst, in 1924. It so happened that we took a small part in the program given on one of those days. Unknown to us, an account of our exerci was printer! in this magazine, ies of which were sent to the hool for the blind in Bud; pest. Hungary. From the students in Buda] learned of e account printed in Finland. Thus, by means of Esperanl tin three widely-separated nation- w made to seem like friendly neighbors to us girls. ESPERANTO AS \ BROADCASTING MEDIUM By Bertha Wilcox And now Esperanto bids fair to become a bond of union be- tween all peoples of the globe. Since then 10 section of the earth bi id the calling distance of the radio, it the advantage of both the ownet and tin of tlu> latest and test invention, radio, that it should ally itself with the earlier and no less far-reaching invention. pcranto. The radio affords a universal voice; that \ on ias felt the need of a universal lang which to itself rid, as u may know, the American Radio Rela) League, after car nsideration of all the liable me. -r universal broad- AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO casting, finally agreed that it could find nothing better than Esperanto. Dr. Zamenhof wrote a poem, in which he shows how difficult has been the way which he chose, and how much persistency ha- been required to convince the world of the need and worth of an international language. Two of the girls will explain and recite two stanzas of this poem, *'l,a Vojof* 1st stanza—K 2d stanza—Irene. We will n<>w recite the old n ensical jingle: "This is the House that Jack Built/' As there may be some present who have forgotten certain lines. 1 will give each part in English nd then call for it in Esperanto. 1-7, Fedora: 8, Eva; 9. Irene; lO. Fedora; 11, Bertha,... Eva, Fedora, Irene,... all. We have just received a newspaper clipping, which says that a monument in memorj of Dr. Zamenhof has recently been un- veiled in Wa a, Poland. The money "for this monument was Attributed Esperantists from all over the world. Zam- enhof died in 1917. Our class has chosen as its motto, a line from the poem which you have heard. It means: "Straight forward, with courage, nor veering, m>r stopping.*1 In closing, we will recite this in Concert. "Nur rekte, kura kaj ne flankigante." ( Mi the bench in front of the girls, was a cluster of flag-, rest- ing «»n a 1 in the front side of which was a green star, lighted from within. The class motto was suspended from the front [g( of the bench. THE KRESTOMATIO CLASS (With res to the following selection» a continuation of that in the March issue, we sugge i much the same plan as I re, onl\ the exercises are in l\ in the form of question After reading the selection carefully» lay it aside, and try to render the English translation I i into Esperanto» Then com- pare your version most carefully with the original Lastly answer the questions, which are intruded to develop the main linguistic principles of the passage.) THE FATE OF NEW IDEAS—(Continued), (F. K. 270-271) Legu la historion de naskiĝo de la kristaneco kaj de diversaj laj ideoj en la regiono de tnoralo, filozofio kaj scienco; legu la historion de la eltrovo de Amcriko, de la enkonduko i fervojoj k. t. p. k. t. p. Cie tute tio sama. "Es ist cine alte Geschichte, doch bleibt sie immei neu/' La lumo aperas kiel wnm tO AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO ne : bezonatajo al tin, kin star&j malproksime, sed al la proi inn' starantaj ĝi trancas la okulojn kaj ili pen; siingi ĝin. La idea de Kolumbo, ke "devae i kzisti okcidenta vi»j<» Hindu- ji«n," ŝajnas al ni mm tiel simply tiel natura, kaj ni simple ne volas kredi, ke p< iam ekzisti homoj, kiuj. sciante jam, ke la ten» estas gl«'l><>. p dubi, ke al ĉia lando oni povas veni ne sole de oriento, sed ankau de o lento, kaj ke en ttu ĉi ne esplorita okcidento povas ebb i ne konataj al ni interesaj landoj. Kiam ni legas tiujn kontrauparolojn, kiujn oni tiara faradis al tCnlumho, ekzemple, kc neriiu okcidenten de Eŭropo vetui ĝi estas ne ebla, ! Dio malpermesis tion ĉi fan, kc la ŝipoj malleviĝados malsupren kaj ne povos returne levi- ĝadi supren... k.t.p.,—ni kontranvole demandas nin, kia- maniere homoj maturagaj povi paroli tiajn sensencalojn, pro kiuj en nia tempo m ini'ano. Kaj tamen rn tin tempo gu niij ĉi naivaj kontraŭparoloj cstis rigardataj kiel veroj, ne ebligantaj ian dubon, kiel plej logika opinio de la tuta pru- denta mondo, kaj la ideoj -I olumbo i kalknl I in- tanajo, kiu estas inda neniau atenton. Kiam oni montris al la homoj la forton la vaporo kaj ĝian uzeblecon, sajnis, ke kia prudenta homo povus ton kontraŭparoli kontrau Kaj tamen ki. ! lank* I la natura spirita inercio de ciu el ni, ili aŭ tute ne t ! ijuĝi iskiĝantajn n jn aperoiu, plivolante limigi sin pi ano- subtenanta ridado, au alpasams al la prijuĝado kun antaiie jam preta konvinko, ke la afero proponata al ili estas neplenumebla, kaj ĉiujn siajn argumentojn ili penadis konformigadi al tin antaue farita decido, ne rimarkante la tutan senfundamentecon de tiuj ĉi argumentoj, kaj kontrau la argumentoj de I -fen- dantoj de la nova ideo ili fermadi ian ccrbon per la tikaj seruroj. kaj tial tiuj ĉi lastaj argumentoj, kiuj penadis pruvi la eblecon de tio, "pri kio ĉiuj ja ke g\ estas necbla," AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 11 clevis ŝajni al tiuj inerciaj homoj tiel same infanaj, kiel al ni nun ŝajnas iliaj tiamaj kontraŭpanoloj. Translation. Read the early history of Christianity, and of various great ideas in the realm of morals, philosophy and -cience. Read the histoi t the disc ry of America, of the introduction of rail- road-, etc., etc. Quite the same thing everywhere. wEs i-t cine alte Geschichte, doch bleibt sie immer neu." The light appear- ;m essential requisite to him who stands afar, but it bother- the I those standing close by. and they strive to Ktinguish it. Columbus* notion, that "there must be a western route to India." -eems to us of the present cl: o simple and so natural, and v ire simply unwilling to believe th could ever ha been persons who, knowing in advance that the earth is a globe, could doubt that to every country there was approach not only from the east but also from the west, and that in that unexplored west there might possibly be found interest» ■untries till then unknown. When we rend those objectioi which were then persistently offered Columbu- (for instance: that no one had ever travelled westward from Europe, and it was therefore impossible that God had forbidden such pro- 'dure; 1 hips would i downhill and not be able to get back up again, etc.),—we involuntarily wonder how persons of mature age could have uttered such a k of nonsense, al which in our day anv child would blush. And vet at that time just those naive objections were rq led as truths admitting no question, as a most logical opinion the whole sai world, and the ide lumbus were a< unted puerility un- worthy of serious attention. When men were shown the power of -team and its | bilit of usefulness it would seem that n< ne person could have offered any i ction to it. And yet how many years of conflict, suffering and jibes the in tor had t ndure! \ud even when at last he had succeeded in attaining his end. when in England for three whole trs looomt d been making their rounds and conferring immense utility, there were still to be found on the continent of Europe learned men, and even great learned bodi who, instead of simply taking a look and .ming convinced, kept on writing pi unci treatises to the feci that the construction of locom- es was a childish enter- pr that it was impossible, that it v harmful, etc. What was this? we ask ourselves; a this some unn al epidemic of idiocy? were there ever such generations? Yes, there were such generations, and we, who are now sore amazed, —we are in reality no better than they, and our posterity will 12 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO be no better than we. All these pe OS with their exasperat- ingly senseless objections and assaults were, neverthel* not idiots, even tli*• they may now seem to US. Their entire fault consisted merely in the fact that, owing to the ment inertia inherent in US all. they were either loath to take stock of the budding new phenomena, preferring to pass them oil with the laugh thai makes fat. or else approached the subject with a preestablished conviction that the thing proposed t<> them was impracticable, and all their arguments they would strive to adjust with this preconceived conclusion, without n ticing the entire lack of foundation for those arguments, and against the arguments <>f the ad\ tes of the new idea th< would seal their brains with the sturdiest of locks, and the* tore the latter argument triving to demonstrate the possi- bilit I that which "everyone of course knows is impossible must have i to those conservatives just as childish as to us of the present daj seem their then objections. Questions. Answers submitted to the editor with a self-addressed and stamped envelope will b< orrecb >f chat] 1. Why i> la used with kristaneco? 2. What is the more usual word for "Chr uir 3. Is there any difference in meaning between enkonduko and enkondukado? I* -«> what? 4. Is aperas kiel a: lifferent in u ŝajni? 5. Would there be any change in meaning if -aj were omit- ted from bezonatajo? 6. What does the adjective-participle starantaj modify? 7. Any difference in meaning between peni and provi? 8. In "devas ekzisti okcidenta vojo llindujon" is devas used in its ordinary sen 9. Any difference between "Hindujon'1 here and al Hindujo? 10. What is the or gender of homo? Is homino a good word 11. In faradis what is the force of -ad-? 12. Is a traveller on horseback a veturanto? What is foot- passenger? 13. Translate. "We wondered why you did not come." 14. Any dil between kontrauparolo and kontraudiro? 15. Transla ur question admits of but one answer." 16. Doe> prudenta mean "prudent"? 17. Why is nenian atenton accusath IS. Why should -ec- be omitted from forton but used with uzeblecon ? 19. In "...uzeblecon, ŝajnis, ke..." how about a subjc for the verb ŝajnis? AMER1KA ESPERANTISTO 13 20. Suppose instead of "batalado, suferoj kaj mokoj" we had "bataloj, suferado kaj mokado" would there be any difference in meaning? 21. Given the vocabulary of this selection do you see any more practical need for the proposed word inventi than for the unproposed diskovri? 22. Given the analogy of elpensinto form a single word for "future discoverer/* 23. Translate, "A magnificent fleet plies between Europe and America." 24. Translate, "Rural mail routes now abound thru the untrv." 25. Would it be correct to add -ec- to utilon? Why? 26. In "la kontinento de Eŭropo" has de here any logical force? 27. Distinguish between ekrigardi, rigardadi and rigardegi? 28. Give the two meanings of traktato. 29. In "estas ne pli bonaj" etc. are the negatives in their ual place? If not can you see any reason for change of position f 30. In dank* al what is dank* an elision for? 31. Instead of spirita what is the more usual present-day ivalent of "mental"? 32. Any difference between plivoli and preferi? 33. Might -o- be left out of sanosubtenanta? Might -ant-? In both cases why? 34. Any difference between forta and fortika? 35. In "pri kio ĉiuj ja scias, ke ĝi estas neebla" what is the force of ja? 36. In devis ŝajni" etc. is devis used as ordinarily? Cp. question 8 above. DE2IRAS KORESPONDI S-ro Clymans, instruisto, Kloosterstr. 54, Eeckcren (Antverpeno), Bdgio. S-ro Jo^cf Lavicka. Pardubice, Cehoslovakio. PL L. S-ro Luigi Topi, Via F Bandiera 1. Spezia, Italio, PI. L. S-ro F. Curto Ba-te, 36 Xifre Str.. Barcelona. Hispanio. PL Specialisto pri fruktgardenkulturo ĉc Pctrovskaja Agrikultura Akadcmio deziras korespondi kun I'sonaj kolegoj. '. S. S. R. imirjazevskaja Akademio dotn N 1 kv, 15. Krajnov. { kow, Union of Socialist Soviet Republics.) La koverto devas havi la aclreso en ambafi anglo kaj ranto. R. K. Jarosch. Breslau .erinanujo. PL Kino Mario Pudlova, Red Drali VII/I, ( iouc. Cehoslovakio. PI. L. S-ro Martti Miintyncn, Kerava, Finnlando. PL L. PK. Finn Helena Szalantzy, str. Princip. Ileana 7, Alba-Julia, Rumanio, PL L. PK. ro Albert Cronquist, Clacsgatan 12 111, MalmS, Svedlando. PT. S-ro Fritz Schenzinger, Heifigkreuzstrato 27, St. Gallcn, Svislando. PL 14 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO FOR THE BEGINNER (Word-building exercise, continued from March number.) 10. Given the causative suffix, -ig-, form the Esperanto equivalent for the following1 ideas: Example: with unu, one, and -ig-, we get unuigi, to unite. (N. 1». remember that an Eng. phrase connected by hyphens is rendered by a single Esp. word.) To-procure (cause to have), to-divide-in-two, to-adopt (make a son of), to-increase, to-cause-to-be, to-show, to-put-into one's- tind, to-make-proud, to-quicken (cause t<> live), to-fill, to-per- sonii>, personification, to-warm, to-feed, to-have-cooked, to- put-to-work, to-change, to-make-happy, to-make-unhappy, to- bring-close, to-water (as horses), to-clean, to-make-thirsty, to- be; utify, to-eoutinue, continuation, to-cause-to-bloom, to-cause- to-return, to-delay (make late), tO-hold-Up (cause to remain), to-lengthen, to-surprise, to-pretend, to-bring-to-pass, to-fell, to- qualify, to-eniuli. to-impoverish, to-quarter (as troops), to-a sure, to-bring-to-the-opinion, to-enrage, to-put-to-flight, to-raise- to-the-throne, to isolate, to-reduce-to-tears, to-marry (transi- tive), to-speed (make happen soon ), to-kilk 11. Given the prefix of return or repetition, re-, give the Esperanto for: Example: with re- and vidi, to see, we get revidi, to see once more. Au revoir (ĝis la------------------), to-have-again, to-live-again, to-resurrect (in conjunction with -ig-), to-rejuvenate (use also -ig-), to-reunite, to-recover, to-return-to-one's-love-of, to-warm- over, (with -ig-), to-return, to-go-back, to-reply, to-return (give back), to-make-over, to-take-back, to-reform, to-bloom-again, to-rename, to-relap.se (fall back), to-rehash (recount over again), to-recur, to-return (send back), to-change-the-clothes-ot, reformation, to-bring-back, a-retorn-servi to-refund, to-rebut. to-repel, to-lead-back. to-remarry, the second-death. 12. Given the suffix of "tendency," -em-, give the Esperanto for: Example: pensema, likely-to-think. Inclined-to-be-proud, honestly-inclined, affectionate, industri- ous (given t<> work), cleanly, dilatory (inclined-to-be-lard\), tottery, a-grumbling-spirit, choleric, noisy (person), close (in- clined to hide things), inclincd-to-marry. hospitable, mortal. 13. Given the suffix of characterization, -ul-, give the Es- peranto for: Example: with juna, young, and -ul-, we get junulo, a young man. Old-man. a-being, a-counterpart, a-motherly-woman (add -in-), a-person-witli-eyes, a-thinker, a-disagreeable-person, a- AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 15 proud-person, a-living-bcing, good-man, honest-person, a-beau, a-belle (with -in-), man-of-the-street, a-bogey, opponent, indus- trious-person, rich-man, poor-man, clean-person, cleanly-person, a-thirst >ul, a-gentleman (polite person), termagant (sharp- tongued woman), one-characteri>ticallv-behind-with-everything, a-''Johnnie-on-the-spot/' an-unfortunate, a-'bean-pole," a-giant, a-dwarf, an-*innocent,w a-grumbler, a-wicked-person, a-man- with-a-teTii|>er, an-accommodating-pers4 m, culprit, a-good-run- ner. a-kinglv-person, hermit, a-" cry-baby," sister-of-charity i nun), a-mortal. 14. Having the suffix meaning "worthy of," -ind-, give the Esperanto for: Example: with havi, to have, and -ind-, we get havinda, worth having. Worth-seeing, amiable, worth-living, hateful, good-to-eat, fit- to-drink, worth-doing, pardonable, worlh-looking-at, fit-to-live- in, who-OUght-tO-be-whipped, deplorable, worth-considering, ac- ceptable, worthy-of-death. 15. Given the suffix -id-, meaning "young or offspring of," give the Esperanto for: Example: from rano, frog, and -id-, we get ranido, tadpole. Young-gcntlcinan, son-of-a-prince, daughter-of-a-fairy, young- snake. 16. Given the Suffix -iĝ-, meaning "to become," and the other elements, form the Esperanto for: Examples: unu, one, and iĝ- give unuiĝi, to unite (intransi- tive) ; al to, and -iĝ- give aliĝi, to join ("become to"). To-be-widowed, to-get-old. ln-br-seen, to-become-proud, to- t-filled, to-be-found, to-gei -hot, lo-become-endowcd. to-be-ac- ptedj to-come-to-one's-dcath. 17. Given ek-, the prefix of "sudden beginning," form the Es- peranto word for the following ideas: Example: ekkrii, to exclaim. To-perceive, to-bethink-oneself, to-come-into-bcing, to-spring- into-life, to-light-upon (discover), to-fall-in-love-with, a-sudden- hatred, to-fall-to (start to cat), to-take-up-work, to-start (set out), to-speak-up, to-start (give a sudden jump), to-take-up- one's-abode, snap-judgment, to-fly-into-a-tantrum, to-burst-into- tears. 18. Given the collective suffix, «ar-f and the other elements, form the Esperanto for: Example: arbo, a tree, arbaro, a wood, forest. Personnel, cluster-of-houses, women-folk, dictionary, string- of-pearls, roll (list of names), gentry, wardrobe, questionnaire. 19. Give the English for the following miscellaneous forma- tions (all made up of the elements of March selection) : Triunuo, ino, ina, enhavo, pligrandigi, plilongigi, malpli, 16 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO eesti, princsimila (princeca), patri. vidkapablo, ĉio; a, enpen- siĝi, malliera. vivipova, plenplena, laiilonge de, bonfarema, honestigi, kromvirino, eltrovi, elpensi, amrenkonto, amavcnlur manĝama, neordinara, samtempulo, kontraŭparolo, ellaboi enama, alivesti, lavakvo, alveni, ricenhava, belparola, foriri, lamdafira, bonsoifa, vilaĝulino, inuitevorta, ŝtonigi, kialor restigi, mirrakonto, ĉiuokaze, dume, akvofalo, plimultigi, agra- bligi, tuja, florvazo, loĝantaro, apenaŭa. certulo, samopinii kun, tuttrinki, sajnkolero, serpentofonna, rimarkinda, Benkulpa, pagikapabla, batfaligi, mortbati, ĉasdomo, soleca, vekrii. forigi, reĝedzino, reginedzo, alproprigi, patrumortig. reĝomortigo, bonveno, trianĝulo, aro, dukaraktera, long\izaga, emo, intertempo, interloko, treege, florrica, malbonigi, plibonigi, senmorta. malkaŝi, alivorte, ŝtonmortigi, enakviĝi, eniri, alparoli, igT igi. ree, volontulo, kunkulpulo, vireca, vira, sindonema, sinmortigo, rigardanto, kunulo, kontraŭdiri, subigi, subulo, suriri, bonvola. (Key next month,) From the 239 word-elements in our March selection we have just formed 577 new words, in addition to the 225 words in the text (802 in all, if we didn't miss the cunt). We ha neither time nor inclination to make the list exhaustive, but we invite our readers to send in any further words they can make up from the word-elements furnished, and we would like to see how man\ more you can make. English translations of each word must be sent in with the lists. All well and log lly formed ad- ditions to our own list we shall be glad to publish, with credit to the respective word-builders. OFFICIAL ROOTS APT TO BE MISUSED ESPECIALLY BY ENGLISH-SPEAKERS (Continued) Aflikti—to trouble, distress. This is the general word for mental trouble or pain. Dist. ĉagreni—to trouble, with a sense of loss (present or prospective); geni—to trouble, in the sense of disturb or put out; agaci—to irritate or anno} These are all afliktoj, which covers them and every other hind of mental trouble. A root much used by Zamenhof, but undefined by Kabe. Aforismo—almost the same as sentenco: both are "wise say- ing >, ace. to Kabe at lean, the aforismo is always by some nous author, while a sentenco may be gotten up by anyone. Proverbo is a popular saw, whose original authorship is lost. Afranki—to pay postage on or "stamp" mail. To be Continued. STRIKE WHILE THE IRON IS HOT—A CLASS THEN AND THERE BOOKS and PROPAGANDA Material of all kindi ara on aala at Tba ESPERANTO OFFICE Drop ua a postcard askinff for a catalog THE ESPERANTO OFFICE, 507 Pierca Building, Copley Square. Boat on 17, M ISOLATED STUDENTS! The e< merika Esperantisto, formerly chairman of examin N. A. offers A PRACTICAL CORR )ND1 COURSE in ESPERANTO in thr tern I fifteen lessons each. This course i uaranteed to prepare one for the advanced examination and give one a thoro working knowl- edge of the language. tnstrui ind lual, and in case of failure to pass the E. A. 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STUDY ESPERANTO ESPERANTO HAS THE ENDORSEMENT OF EVERY REASONABLE INVESTIGATOR as the one PRACTICAL auxiliary language Recognised and in use as such since the World War by: The International Red Cross The World Union of International Associations The French and Italian Associations for the Advancement of Science The French Academy of Sciences The International Women's Suffrage Alliance The International Peace Bureau The International Labor Office The World Union of Worm The Catholic International League of Youth The Young Men's Christian Association The International Bureau of Freemasons The International Fairs of Leipzig, Frankfort, Lyons, Paris, Basle, Padua, Lisbon, Barcelona, Bratislau, Bordeaux, Vienna, Reichenburg, Malmoe, and Hdsingfors The Centenni position of Brazil The Paris Chamber of Commerce and dozens of other organizations UNANIMOUSLY ENDORSED BY LEAGUE OF NATIONS ASSEMBLY By vote of September 21, 1922 HESITATE NO LONGER ELEMENTARY and ADVANCED CLASSES FOR STUDY OF THE LANGUAGE are now just forming in all the principal cities of NORTH AMERICA and courses by correspondence may be arranged for anywhere (If you lack details as to local courses write today to) The Central Office of the Esperanto Association of North America 507 Pierce Bldg., Copley Sq., Boston 17, Mass., Hdqrs. for information & supplies