mwMiiraii T"" Wp" I !S3 msM: :- $$m , !" K ■— ^ L • \ February, 1926 j Get the Kids! Internationa! Commission Concerning Air Navigation Important Communication etodo de Propagando en la Scienca kaj Teknika Gazetaro Experiences of a Delegate of the U. IE A. First Course in Esperanto lorn pri Propraj Nomoj Telephone C is for Traveling Esperantists AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION of NORTH AMERICA, Inc. • propaganda organization for the furtherance of the ftudy and uie of the International Auxiliary Language, Esperanto. Yearly Membershipi: Regular $1.00: Contributing $3.00; Sust $10.00; Ufa Members $100, HERBERT M. SCOTT, Editor CLUB DIRECTORY Thla department ia conducted solely for the benefit of our organized groups throughout the country. It furnishes a means of keeping In close touch with the work in other cities, for the exchange of ideas and helpful sugges- tions, and for the formation of valuable friend- ships in a united field of endeavor. •—Vtnlnn '>f"Mi'K Meets 747 on: Room E. Warner. OK LA. BERKELEY, CALIF. rkeleya Esperanta Rondo. OAKLAND. CALIF. Oakland Esperanta-Rnndn.—L. D. Stockton, Secretary. 420 15th i SAN FRANCISCO. CALIF. ranto Jnc MONTREAL. CANADA. Montreal Esperanto A Monday evening at 8 Catherine St., West, S OKLAHOMA CITY La Ok kun\ dimanfe rto k Klubo, W RR6, B Ok OV Oakford, Prez. WASHINGTON. D. C. Kolurnbia 1 ocio, third Thursday October I ; Kabea Klubo, other rs» days at 8 P. M. Thursday, at 7.30. All at 1918 Sunderland Place. CHICAGO. ILLS. Lb Grad.ita Esperanto-Socicto, Dvorak Park. —JarotUv Snbehrad. Secretary. 5525 23rd Rd., >o, H La Esperanto Oficejo, 1669 Blue Island Ave.— Kunven.is 2an kaj 4an sab. ĉiumonate. ROCKFORD, ILLS. eranto Institute, 419 7tb 5 BOSTON. MASS. Tanto Society, 507 Pierce Bldg., lays, 7 P. M. Butman, Secretary. WORCESTER. MASS. Worcester County Esperanto Society.—Busl» i Institute, every Friday, 8 P. M. BALTIMORE, MD. La Baltimore. Md., Esperanto. Rondeto trier 1st and 3rd Wednesday evenings in month at Md. Academy of Science». DETROIT. MICH. Detroit E^ to Off 2916 East Grand Blvd.—Open daily. Library at disposal everybody daily, 7 A. M.-9 P." M.t except J and Fri. Classes meet Tues. and Fri., 8.1» P.M. La Pols Esperanto AsoHo, 1507 E. Canfiela Ave,—B. Lendo. Sek., 3596 29th St. Groups are listed for 12 Issues of the maga- zine, at a cost of only 25 cents for the two- line on. Extra lines are 10 cents cack additi ^g»—name of city town- This matter warrants nraediata attention of every club it y. Group Charter—$1 00. rtrr tz NEW YORK CITY, N. Y. Society.—Miss *t 9 The fr. is he 45 I at to bus Ave. Box J2, »07 n 1 Mr nth. lagem indcr I. J. Su TAMn ntTTO TORONTO. CANADA U Urn, I 11 LADE . I Ct J T I D A M. *.o. ty, Henry W. 100I fot -nira >, 133 ' (Libro- le I Reilly, V clegito de vaj Esperanmtoj, 2833 Liv- PITTS GH, PA. Academy of Science and Art. —J. I>. II adman. Sec, 310 S. Lang Ave. . 8 IV M tLWAUKEE. WISC. IIe-ipenis crantisxi tno B. H. Kerner. Sek., 629 Summit Ave.. 3rd Tuesday», t P.M. ST CRSBURG. FLORIDA. 10 P. M„ E .ven-Flint, S th. TOPEKA, KANSAS Esperanto Association. Geo. P. Morehouse. Sek-iino. S-ino Lida R. Hardy, 1731 Lane St. Kores-Sek-iino, P-inxj ell, 635 Watson St. V Amerika Esperantisto ORGANO de la ESPERANTA ASOCIO DE NORDA AMERIKO 507 Pierce Bldg,, Copley Square Boston 17, Mass., U. S. A. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR Vol 35. February, 1926, No. GET THE KIDS! "Suffer the little children to come unto me, and forbid them not: for of such is the kingdom of God." In these word- the great founder of Christianity expressed a sir gic principle which spells the ultimate success or failure of all social move* ments. In its tem of child indoctrination lies the secret the unexampled vitality and solidarity of the Roman Catholic Church. The school propaganda thruout the late German Em- pire is the key to the titanic national e n that pitted the Teuton in arms against the rest of the world, and all too nearly achieved the catastrophe of "Dentschlfcnd uber Alle When the organized liquor traffic in this country was deprived by law of the privilege of flaunting its wares openly in the eyes of tl rising generation it was bereft of an advantage which no amount S* of surreptitious peddling to established CJ can replace: it lost the natural recruiting ground for its perpetuation beyond the present generation. Esperanto in all primary school is the final step for the in* ternational language movement. That once I mplished, every other lim propaganda might with pped, and in a few irs the product of universal primary teaching would be using Internationa] in all appropriate fields without the ne^ sity of propaganda. Ignore the children, however, and the pr< of 1 nto, be it ever so brilliant, in directions com- mercial, scientific rial, is ephemeral or pr« ious as to du- ration, lacking as it does the vital root t» mtinuous existence. Specialized propaganda among adults, useful and even nece saiy as it is under present conditions, should never make us lose sight of the faci that the vast nontechnical field of the world1 early school age is the one and only field which we neglect to our peril. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Happily, Esperanto, if properly pr 1. maki peculiar appeal to children. The very idea has all the fascination of the magic carpet of t: ured juvenile lore. When the child quits the moon he wants to see the world. Rsper. rings the world to his door. Then the language itself has a sort of "kindergarten" charm which all otnei languages lack. In the January number we re \ ed a new pictorial com in Esperanto which ought to have been worked out year- ago. Pictorial coir in Esperanto there have been before, hut none, so far as we know, that lent itself so wonderfully to the use cla >f young children. X< >t I agnized as irregulari- ties by comparison with a languagi without irregularities. In short, Esperanto is the epitomized norm of modern gnu mar in general, and cleann 1 linguistic thought i> 1»« moted 1 Stud} of the norm, sharply disentangled from all irregu md exceptions. It is ver) difficult, e ally with children, to point out the 1 d 1< a) principles thru the me ium of a tradit d tongue imbedded in a primeval forest of un- reasonable idiomatic verbiage. Bv way of cursory illustration, consider tlie following data: \\ 1 thru English alone how doc- a young child grasp the abstract notion [ "noun/1 "adj " "adverb,1 verb/' both in themselves and as distinct from oin tother? The sime word in English may be any one of the four. Mow many 1 children 1 jht in the usual way absorb tl fundamen- tal ideas the} Stick?—if they really understand them at any time, which is in 1 ts of cases doubtful Take now Esperanto: All nouns end in -O—the noun idea is invariably and concrete- ticketed in tins way. Adjectives end in -A*—the adjective idea is regularly ticketed in this way. The regular adverb end ing i> -E—the notion of the adverb tick thus. The verb infinith mds in -I—that notion is invariably and concretely ticketed thus. Set :i child to learning several hundred words all AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO of them ending in -O—won't he be infinitely more likely to absorb the underlying notion which calls for the "-O," than if he is required (as in a "natural" tongue) to find that underly- ing notion without any signpost to guide liim to it? The same true af the adjective, adverb and verb infinitive endings, and for the same reason. Or take the matter of the objective case. In English the child is confronted with the following phenom- enon: He finds that most of the personal pronouns have two rms each ("I, me: thou, thee; he, him; she, her; we, u they, them; who, whom;"). In itself this difference of form might awake a glimmer of a notion in the child that there is some reason back of this change of form. Unfortunately he finds at the same time that the personal pronouns "you" and "it" have but one form; and finally, any struggling logical di cernment he might have is atomized by the ocean of English nouns, which exhibit no change of form to distinguish the two fundamentally distinct grammatical categories. The failure "i* English as an instrument for con the idea ni "objec live case" is practically shown by our hosl <»i" high school and even college graduates who go thru life taking vengeance on their mother tongue by such expressions as "it's me," "us toll think so," "who do you want?" et sim. International, on the other hand, has one single objective case ending (-N), which it applies impartially and invariably whenever the objective case IDEA is involved—not merely to certain pronouns, as in En fish, but to all nouns as well. And a child that learns the Esp* ranto iti\e is guarded in the most efficient possible way gainst misusing the pronoun accusative in Ins mother tongue (as in the exampli fiven above), because from the single and invariable change of form, in which he has been 111< r- cised, he cannot but grasp the underlying notion that has dic- tated that change of form. But space fails to indicate the scores of lines in which the ranto grammar, by its exception!* regularity, clarifies th difficulties of our mother tongue and impart- a Linguistic sense promoting the correetest p ible use of the same. An irregu- larity is always easier when clearly perceived to be such than when jumbled in the mind with the logical rule An absorption of Esperanto enables a child to note idioms in English as such: so that he is helped to differentiate in English when to use an idiom and when to apply the general rule of grammar (which last has been drilled into him thru the study of the normal tongue). To support these remarks we cannot do better than to quote from the Memorial of the International Conference on the Teaching of Esperanto in Schools, held at the League of Na- tions, Geneva, Switzerland, April 18th to 20th, 1922; AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO "We, educationists from 28 countries and official representa- tives of 16 Governments, assembled in Conference at the League ol Nations in Geneva... that Esperanto... j Table qualities which establish its value as an educational instrument. "It is valuable as an aid to the correct use of the mother- tongue, shown by improvement in pronunciation and enunciation, b( ei ch of words and knowledge of their meaning, improve- ment in spelling, and knowledge of the principles of grammar. "h i- valuable as a stepping-stone to other languages, modern and classical, lightening the task and saving the time of the teach- < i in e.\ daining grammatical forms, providing familiar roots, and bringing to the task of expression a mind already accustomed to exj f in more than one language. 'In our opinion, children should be taught Esperanto as the first language after the mother-tongue in the elementary school. This would provide those pupils who must leave at the earliest possible moment with a complete knowledge of a second language which the\ can use for practical purposes; it would demonstrate whether those who proceed to the secondary school have an apti- tude for further language studies, and would send those forward who have such aptitude with minds prepared, and thus effect an • i m\ of time and better results in those studies; and those pupils who have no aptitude for languages could he diverted to more congenial studies. It is our experience that a knowledge of Esperanto has devel- oped in our pupils a more real knowledge and appreciation of geog- raphy, world history and moral education, and a greater and more ympathetic interest in foreign peoples, in their customs, literatim and art. and also in the peace of the world, and the League of N tions. This has been chiefly aided by the int of c d- ence. illustrated p< and drawings with children in other land the reading i nal in Esperanto and the study of the literature of var countries in the language. Pupils a ble to engage in correspondence after a few I Esperam The advantage of this correspondenc it it i- u confined to any one country, it being a common experience for the upils in a single school to have correspondents in man unti * We are glad to see that the Uoy Scouts of America now award merit badges for Im- eting turc 6tu< her languages. Second- ly, it an extremely practical us of C< tion b< en scouts of different countrh With eved the must thorough knowl- edge of one foreign national language, scum limited to inter- national communication with only that country (or those coun- tries) in which tha n. \ fail quaintance with Esperanto enables the scoul to have correspond in every country in the world, including such Persia, China, Japan, ei Yet a knowledge of I speranto can he acquired in much less time than an oquivaleni knowledge ol any one national langu require-." AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Esperantists of North America! How can we "get the kids"? Well, there is one simple but powerful way we can start right in on (if we haven't already). With this proposition we dost IT IS THE DUTY OF EVERY ESFERANTI3T HEAD OF A FAMILY TO TEACH OR HAVE HIS CHILDREN TAU< IT ESPERANTO. ♦From the Report of the General Secretariat of the League <>t Natioi into as an international Auxiliary Languag idopted by the Third Assembly, 1922. SPECIAL NOTICE Beginning with this number, Amerika I perantisto will be issued on the first of the month. All news should reach the Central Office by the 20th of the pn iing month in order to be used. The usual News and Notes are omitted from this issue in order to use the space for other matter. INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION CONCERNING AIR NAVIGATION communication No. 1. Paris, November 30th, 19J Excerpts from the Report presented to the third International Congress of Air Navigation, (Bruxelles, 1925) It does not seem nece y to insist further upon the disad- vantages, at tim< which affect the air navigat he- cause of the diver \ international re- lations has decided to found an International Commi >n to definitely study and propose to introduce and promulgate the use of Esperanto as a technical language in air navigation. And petition S-ojn Torres Y. Quevdo, Colonel Paul Renard. Commander Emilio Herrera, Henry Kafferer, E. Archdeacon and RoIIet de LTsle to found the desired Commission, adding qualified and useful helpers at will. The Commission founded by the third con elected as its President Colonel Paul Renard, and as its Secretary Rollet de LTsle. The Commission addr self t II aeronautical organi- ns in order that they may help the Commi d a programme of action in acc< nlance with the Esperanto. Science A nation. The technical terms of aeronautics in Esperanto are to be found in the aeronautic dictionary and in six languages, pub- lished by the Aeronaŭtika Librejo, (Charon, rue de Sein, 40, Paris.) S-ro Archdeacon published in the June number of Aeronaŭ- tika Revuo de Franclando, organ of the Franca Aeronautika Ligo, an article entitled: "It necessary to adopt a universal language for Aviation and T. S. FA As a result of that article very many orders were received for Esperanto books by the Centra Esperantista Librejo, 51 rue de Clinch}, Paris 9e. The French bureau of aeronautics publish a dictionary of the technical terms used in aeronaut! in German, English and French. Esperanto could easily be added. DEZIRAS KORESPONDI ro Civilians, instruisto, Kloostcrstr. 54, Eeckeren (Antverpeno), Belgio. PR. -ro Josef Lavicka, Pardubice, Cehoslovakio. PI. L. ro I uigi Topi, Via F Bandiera 1, Spczia. Italio, PL L. ro F. Curto Baste, 36 Xifre Str.. Barcelona. Ilispanio. PL F-ino Lussi Valkovskaja, Socialistiĉeskaja 198, Bobruisk Min. gub. Rus- lando. S-ro Ernst Partbum. Fricdhosstrasso 24, Hohenstcin-F.r.i Sa., Germanio. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO IMPORTANT COMMUNICATION from the International Central Committee of the Esperanto Movement, Geneva We give below the translation of a letter just received, hop- ing by this means some of our readers may assist in arranging for invitations for Prof, Bovet to speak, which might not be reached either through delegates or members of IK V. Any communications sent to this office will be promptly for- warded to Prof. Bovet, whose address to January 30th only vv. iven c/o I Ruml, 61 Broadway, New York. I o all groups of E. A. N. A., To all groups of L". E. A.. Tre cstimataj samideanoj: We have the honor to inform you that in the early part of January our eminent fellow labourer, Prof. I a wet of Geneva, will sail for a three months tour in the United States. Prof. Bovet is a well known scientist, professor of pedagogy, psy- chologist and director of the world-famous institute of J. J. Rousseau, which is a university, or school, for the teaching of the educational iences, new methods of instruction, psychology of children c 1U- invited by the Rockefeller Institute and announced himself ready- to help our movement, if a favorable opportunity is found. We have no douht hut that you will all welcome the opportunity of having interest aroused in behalf of Esperanto, and wc earnestly urge all Espcrantists who have affiliations with universities and societies science to request them to extend an invitation t<> Prof. Bovet to speak before them upon the subject of an Inlernatiinal Auxiliary Language, or upon pedagogy, a subject which would gi\ favorable opportunity to introduce the experiment of the Esperanto Institute, Gene\ cou- nting the teaching of children, either both subjects, or some other allied to that great held of science. Prof. Eh will visit the cities: New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington, San Francisco, and other cities to which he may be invited, in order t« it schools and educational institute rof Bovel eaks both English and Esperanto fluently. We will very glad to have you make use of such an unusual opportunity occasioned by the visit of this eminent scientist and Espe- rantist. Prof. Bovet, as his lectures concerning practical experiments in teaching will create a profound impression. We also greatly desire to receive from you such information as is \ concerning contingent invitations, with full details to follow. With many thanks for your efforts we send to you, at this season festivity, our hearty congratulations, and all good wishes that your labor may be crowned by success during the coining New Year. Plej samideane, Internacia Centra Komitato, de la Esperanta Movado, Robt. Kreuz, Cenerala Sekretario. 8 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO METODO DE PROPAGANDO EN LA SCIENCA KAJ TEKNIKA GAZETARO La Internacia Scienca Konferenco de Parizo (Majo 1925) rekomendis klopodi pur ke la sciencaj kaj tcknikaj Revuoj de ĉiuj landoj publikigu esperantajn resumojn de la artikoloj re- daktitaj en naciaj lingvoj. Je la monato de Oktobro 1925» la la Internacia Kongreso de la Teknika Gazetaro, sidanta ce Parizo, esprimis la satnati deziron. Car s <>fte ma 1 facile sukcesi, kiam oni nun petas tion de It Revuoj, jen alia pli simpla metodo, kiu estos cble pli afable akceptata. Tiuj resumoj estos utilaj al la alilandaj leganioj de la Revuoj» sed ankaŭ. kaj ĉefe, al la alilandaj samfakaj Revuoj, kiuj, per ili, povos publikigi resumojn de la plej intcrcsaj artikoloj, kaj konigi al siaj legantoj la verkojn de iliaj alilandaj kolegoj. Por atingi tiun celon, sufiĉus ke la resumoj de ĉiu numero estu publikigitaj daktilografe sur aparta folio, kaj sendataj al ĉiuj samfakaj Revuoj alilandaj. Car sufi< In pagoj, kaj car la nombro de la samfakaj Revuoj ne e.^ fttida (eble maksimume cent), la elspezo po s esti facile pagata de ĉiu Revub, eĉ ne grava. Direktoro de Revuo, kiu estos ricevinta kelkajn tiajn resu- Lojn de diverslingvaj samfakaj kolegoj. komprenos utilecon r la lokaj Grupoj, Ides Kunsidoj estas ofie nemulte interesplenaj. Oni, se eble, komencu tiun agadon en la radiotelefona gazetaro, kie nun nia propagando prosperas; sed g\ estu ankau provita en la aliaj teknikoi. el la ĉefaj naciaj lingvoj, substrekante g'm kaj aldonaute in- tei krampoj la naciecon de la lingvo. Rollet de LTsle. ! AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO EXPERIENCES OF A DELEGATE OF THE UNIVERSAL ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION By Henry W. Hetzel, Pines. K. A. X. A. U. E. A. Delegate for Philadelphia. Fa. The readers of Amerika Esperantisto are familiar in a gen- ral way with the aims and activities of the Universal Espe- ranto Association and of its unique delega; ystem. It will interest those to whom the subject is new to learn something I the delegate's office. Out of an experience of many yen: as the representative of the Association in a large American ity, one might make an interesting story. The Esperantist visiting European countries soon learns of luties of delegates which, from the nature of things, has few chances for exercise here in America. It i< a common thing for the delegate [here to receive personal calls from for- eign visitors, and to give to tourists and traveling business men information concering the city visited. Here, on the contrary, it is not often that the delegate is personally virited by EspC- rantists from other lands, but such happy occasions do aris< and then the delegate (especially if he has ever had the good fortune of a trip abroad made pleasant and profitable through the "servoj" (services) of the U. K. A.) is only too glad to assist the traveler. It would be difficult to give a full list of the many kinds of letters received by the delegate. There are always those from beginners in the language, who are frankly desirous of prac- tising on someone. There are always those from the victims of some collecting mania,—postage stamps, picture post card •ins, paper money, magazines and what not,—most of which the delegate is under no obligation to answer. But besides these semi-serious letters that pour in upon the delegate there are many that are most closely related to things of solider im- port. Here is one from a Russian economist who asks about the retail prices of a long list of staple commodities;—one from a young Ruthenian who wants to know the labor condi- tions in America, evidently with a view toward emigration;— a Cuban wants information about our federal laws dealing with the admi -n of foreigners to this country:—a student in Bosnia wants to know how he may earn his way through an America university;—a pharmacist in Spain wants addresses of horticul- turists who supply a certain medicinal plant;—a Bohemian mag- istrate wants to replace certain parts of his worn-out American- made typewriter;—a German firm wants to act as agent for American exporters;—an Italian firm manufacturing a hardware specialty wants to find agents for it here;—a man in Japan 10 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO who had sent postage stain to a dealer here wants to kiv why he has i recehed ment:—a Dutch architect, author of a work on reinforced concrete wishes to introduce his book to builders here. To be sure, many of the "large orders." ■—matter- too weighty and time-consuming for any unpaid dele- gate, even the most self-sacrificing, and unl« the burden can be e 1 by several a -tan* done in many large citie much must be left undone Immediately after the war "dele- git in this country were bombarded with piteous appea from destitute war-victim-,. Needless to say. most of these had to remain unanswered. And the expositions! So many of the annual fairs 111 Euro] an u-ing Esperanto th matter in the lute national Language, all the v. from little "-tickers" up t pansive posters, fairly pour in upon the delegate, who later di- tributes the "reklamiloj" (advertising) among business men— if he can find the time. Many an appeal comes from the Old World that the dele- gate find a lost friend or relative here in the New. Particular!) just after the war. and ofti a co: [uence of it, this busi- i of supplying addre has been considerable*. An interest- ing <\ typical of many, was that of a woman in Warsaw whose soil had been torn from his home by the Russian mil tary s em, She had heard in a vague, roundabout way th; he had gone "to live with his uncle/* hut whether this meant one in Ekaterinoslax or another in Vladivostock, sh lid in know. After many vain attempts to get word to him a Soviet Russia, then enemy territory, she allow* an- tist neighbor to UMk the U. E. A. in her behalf. The American delegate by forwarding her two letters was able to reach the son at Vladivo k. and a few months later a waiting mother in Poland was gladdened by the return of her long-lost boy. The fact that the business of these Esperanto asuls ha grown greatly in the last six i In ra is testimony both to the increasing use of the International Language and to tho succc of the delegate system Doubtless in course of time the "servoj," in commerce at least, will be put upon a paying basis. and tin- may come even before Esperanto has passed out of the propaganda age. It is certain, anyhow, that the - em, after these seventeen year-, is firmly established, operating with a success that amply justifi* the faith of its founders. "Beginner's Department" "Evert W. Husk, 529 Eighth Ave.. Huntington, W. \ and Misv Mattie \\ ; vorth, Route 8, Hallowed, Me., share equal honor- by their answers to Questions in October No. (p. U)* AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 11 FIRST COURSE IN ESPERANTO (Started in September number,) LECH >NO Vll. 1. Ordaj Numeraloj. La dramo "Hamlet," de Shakes re, konsistas el kvin aktoj: la unu-a akto konsistas el kvin scenoj; la du-a konsistas el du scenoj; la tri-a el kvar scenoj ; la kvara el sep scenoj; kaj la kvina el du scenoj. En la latina deklinacio estas ses kazoj: nominativo, genitive, dativo, akuzativo, vokativo kaj ablativo. El tiu-j kazoj la lingvo ranto havas nur la unuan kaj la kvaran; la duan, trian, kvinan kaj sesan gi ne ha\ns. La nan unuaj lecionoj de la kuranta kurso en Amerika Esperantisto informas pri Lelementoj de LKspeninta gramatiko. La Ŝipoj havas kai tanojn, cefajn kaj duajn oficirojn, sed ne triajn. La sepa plane- distance de la suno estas Uranus. La oka planedo estas Nep- tunus. Planedo nana ne ekzistas. Kiun daton ni havas?—L la kalendaro estas la deka (tago) de I1 mbro. En Deccmbro estas tridek nnu tagoj. La dek-unua de \Tovembr< rtas Armis- tica (Militpauzn) Tago. La profesoro ripr - Paŭlon, car li tas la dek-dua studento en la klaso. La Dek-oka Amendo al la Federacia Konstitucio rilatas al la Alkohola Komerco. Calvin Coolidge estas la trideka prezidanto de U-s-o-n-o (etitnologie cl "Usona"—United States Of North America). La tridek-unua ?— mi lin uv ire deziras Kiel korespondanton; sed li certe havas persiston.—Cu vi skribas <>fte al la "heroino"?— Jcs, sufiĉe ofte, ear ŝi min Ire intere>a^. Si e orfino, kin batalas kontrafi tre kruelaj cirkonstancoj.—Al kiii lando apartenas?—Al llolando. Ni (ŝi kaj mi) estas varmaj kamara- doj, Nin inspires la samaj motivoj kaj idealoj.—Cu vi (vi kaj ii havas la samajn ideojn pri religio?—Jes, ni apartenas al la ama eklezio.—Cu vi • pinias, lri historio, estas monarnisto, kaj liajn lecionojn ni studentoj ne akceptas kun absoluta konsent Questions. 1. How are ordinal numbers formed from the cardinals? 3. Disregard the fir sentence (in which the hypen is used purely to indicate word-formatioi and state where and where not the hyphen is i ,in forming ordinal numbers. 3. Do the cardinal numbers ever change form to agree with plural or accusative noui Do the ordinals change form 4. Repeat the 9 personal pronouns in English. Repeat their 9 exact equivalents in Esperanto. Learn the latter by heart. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 13 5. Do the English pronouns change form for the objective (accusative) case? Do the Esperanto pronouns do so? 6. Judging from the sentences given what would you say as to the position in a sentence of a personat^pronoun obje (in reference to the verb)? 7. Suppose the negative (ne) and a pronoun in the accus tive both precede a verb, which comes first? (See sentence 13.) 8. What does oni mean? Is it used as often as its equiva- lent, "one," in English : 9. Is oni used in the accusative or after a preposition,? 10. How are the possessive pronouns Formed from the per- >nals ? 11. Do they change form to agree with plural or accn ve nouns? 12. When may the article (la) be used with | ssessive pro- nouns? N. B. This usage is purely optional. 13. Is a po ive formed from oni? 14. Tell from the context the meanings of the following new foreign words: Substantivoj: tago, jaro, sinjoro (S-ro). Montra pronomo: tiu (singularo), tiu-j (pluralo). Verbo: Skribas. Prepozicio: per. Konjunkcioj: nek, do. KEY TO "FOREIGN" WORDS IX BAST I. SON: alia—other, another; demandas—ask(s) (question), respondas—an- swers); tra—thru, thruout, kontrau—against, laŭ—according to, pri— about, concerning; ke— that (conjunction), dum—while, kiel s welcomed, and will be answered a possible in these columns. IOM PRI PROPRAJ NOMOJ La temo ne estas grava. Gin apenaŭ I is la Fundamento. Neniu el la radikoj de Universala Vortar is tio de propra nomo. El Plena Gramatiko ni ekscias (okaze de la vorto siller*): I | ke tutc nacia nonn s aj>eri en Esperanta orl grafio, 2) ke Esperanto permesas duoblajn lit in ("11"), ! ke apostrofo devus stari anstatau "o" forlasita. En Ekzercaro in trovas areton da ] tnoj kaj kelke da loknomoj. El ili ni elĉerpas la priqeippjn: 1) (okaze de la vorto Vaŝington) ke tute nacia nomo povas aperi en Esperanta rafio, 2) (kon- traue al "3") ĉe Siller') ke propra nomo en Esperanta ortograho povas aperi sen aŭ fina "o aŭ apostrofo, 3) okaze de la vorto Annog ke Esperanto permesas duoblajn literojn, 14 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Nek la Fundamento parolas, nek Zamenhof parol is aii skril • di! ri tiaj detaletoj kiel la interpunkcioj, la dividado dc % vortoj, aii la propraj nomoj. Tatnen la indikoj de nia oficiala 1 atentindaj, al kiuj ni aldonu la konsilojn ĉerpeb^ lajn el la uzado de Zamenhof en liaj ĝeneralaj verkoj. Pli kaj pli en siaj skribajoj la Majs for la sul ntiv-sign< •-. i" cc la propraj nomoj. En la abundega nomaro de la Malnova T nento ] kaŭ tute malestas ale ĉe lok- kiel per- sonnomoj. Efektive por 1 util En presajo an -kribaio la ĉeflitero sufiĉe kaj nature indikas la sul ntivon, Dum en parolado oni jam malmulte auskultas en la praktiko la grama- tikajti ĥniĝojn entute, sed dependas de la ĉirkaŭvortoji >ajna ja. KC plej el la propraj nomoj (precipe la loknomoj) di el la internacia sistemo kaj formas specialan, tan "provincan" kategorion. Eble oni dim, ke ili formas kvazaŭ ĉenerofl inter la naciaj lingvoj kaj la internacia. Ni bonvenij la nunan ten- ch neon lasi ilin kiel eble plej neŝanĝitaj, En tia formo ili kon- siderinde ]>li "nattirigas" la aspekton de nia litu . sen la plej malgranda danĝero por klareco au facile* En "Li1 turt Mondo" de Marto 1925 ni legis tre interesan proponon de S K de K pri ti«>, ke la \irinaj nomoj tormiĝu regule el riraj nomoj pei ' en "a." Li supozigas, ke tin metodo estas tute laŭ-Fundamenta, car "cut virina nomo estas rigardata kiel adjektivo rilantanta al la (ellasita) vorto "in. kz. Johana (ino), Jozefa (ino), el Johano, Jozefo. Eĉ sen tiu iom stibtila "ak -rdigo" de la propono kun la Fundamento ni havas nenion kontraŭ la ideo principe. Io i kiel ni konceptas la proprajn nomojn) esence ekster la am- plekso de la Fundamento ne as rompi la Fundament» »n. Sed car. kiel ro Kalocsay konfesas. ek/ista ufiĉa notubro Ji 0 \ mem citas ĉirkaŭ kvindek) da virinaj nomoj, kiuj i havas fratan vir (nutltaj el kiuj ee DC p< 3 taiige tinigi per d forma- ' eptoji ne sajnas, ke la proponata regulo havas grandan praktikan utilon. Nia persona ideo pri la propraj nomoj c i jena, kaj ni nur esperas. ke ĝ\ konformas al la principoj de la Fundamento kaj la uzado de la Maj •: 1) Lasu la familiajn nomojn tute ŝenŝanĝe, eĉ Ben konfor- migo al la Esperanta ortografio. Tio estas la preskaŭ universala kaj dekometna uzado de la tuta L rantistaro (nialgrau la ekzempletoj de "siller1 " kaj "Vaŝington" en la Fundamento). 2) Koncerne la antaŭnomojn: donu al ili la Ksperantan ortografion, sed ne nepre algluu la nenecesan (kiel ni supre klarigis) finiĝon Mo'\ Pri longe kaj universale uzataj nomoj kiel Johano, Petro, Alek>andro estUS pedante insisti pri sen- kondiĉa transformado en Johanus, Petrus, Aleksander (lau la AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 15 latina fonto). Sed ni senkaŝe aprol tm oni sekvas /amen- hof, forlasante la eternan "o", kaj diras Abraham, [zaak, Jakob, Marin kip. Ce dubo pri la ekzakta formo de la nomo ŝajnas saj akordiĝi kiel eble plej kun la original;! (etimologia) formo de orto, Ekz. la renin imperiestro, kin oficialigis la kristanismon, estus Kotistantinus (ne Konstantin lafi naciaj formoj). Ni nur faras unu sugestieton: se okaze la akcento (kontraŭ la generate ►crania regulo) devus fali aliloke ol sur la antaŭlasta silab om indiku la specialan akcenton au per aldono de apostrofo (ekz. Abraham', l/.aak', Jacob*), an prefere per la hispanlingva rirnedo de akuta supersigno. 3) Pri landnomoj: Tute Esperantigu almenaŭ la modernaiu landnomojn, t. e. donante a] ili kaj Esperantan ortografion kaj la substantival] signon "o". I'or cm aparta lando sekvu la ĝeneralan uzadon de la popolo ĝin loganta, kondiĉe ke ĝi ne tu kontrau la Fundamento kaj la prudenta konsilo de nia Akademio. Ekzemple, la angloj preferas la formon "Anglujo": kve tio estas u/inda plivole "I "Anglolando". Kontraue la svisoj | eras la formon "Svislando" (ne "Svisttjo"), do uzu la formon, kiŭfl ili deziras. Ambaŭ, Anglujo" kaj "Svislahdo" estas egale Fundamcnlaj. La linnuj (ne ĥnoj) prct s skrifr "Finnlando," do ni uzu la duoblan konsonanton, kiu, cete; tute Fundamenta, kiel ni jam vidis. Laŭ niaj konstatoj la hinoj ŝajne deziras nomi sin "cinoj" kaj sian tendon "Cinio." Pri "ĉino" ni ne kontrauparolas, nur la sufikson -io por land- nomoj ni ne povas akcepti. car la Akademio ĝin nialrekomendas. kaj ni sekvas la 11. E. A. formon "Cinlando". 4) Pri ceteraj nomoj geogratiaj ni bonvenigas la tendencon kiel eble plej malmulte ŝanĝi ilin el la naciaj formoj. Xi parolis pri la Kongresoj de Helsinki kaj de Praha (ne Helsingf kaj Trag- Pri Genevo oni hezitas, jen Esperantigante la ur- bon, jen lasante ĝin "Geneve". Ĉu la loko de la X VII la estos Edinburgh aŭ Edinburgo? En tiaj detaletoj estus tiel absurde kiel senutile kategorii. Ni persone preferas la jenan procedon u ĝi valora aŭ senvalora): a) La geografiaj nomoj plene internaciaj (ekz. nomoj de kontinentoj kaj o :ioj \ esttl tute Esperantigitaj (kiel de ĉiam kaj ĉie). b) La nomoj de grandaj urboj, se jam en sia naeia formo facile prononceblaj en Esper- anto proksimume kiel en la nacia lingvo, restu en la naeia orto- grafio (ekz. Roma, Barcelona, London, Paris, Berlin). Se ĉi tiuj lastaj. en sia nacia formo, ne donas proksimume gUStan ideon pri sia prononco laŭ la Esperanta fonetiko, ili konformigU al la Esperanta ortografio, kun aŭ sen "o" (ekz. Cenevo aŭ Geneva, \ ieno aŭ Viena, Nov-Jorko, Ateno or Atene). d) La nomoj de ĉiuj malpli konataj urboj (ankoraŭ ne generate uzataj en la literaturo) restu en sia nacia ortografio. e) La nomoj de 16 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO montaroj^ I nte ordinare aŭ en pluralo aii en adjektiva forrno, devus esti tute Esperantigitaj. i la notnoj de riveroj, lagoj ktp. sekvu la regulojn pri urbonomoj. TELEPHONE CUSTOMS FOR TRAVELING ESPERANTISTS Telephone usage varies greatly, depending upon local customs and conditions. From several sources has been gathered the following infor- mation which may prove useful to I tilers In Abyssinia no one is allowed to use the telephone directly. All messages must be written out and given to the operator, who shouts them into the transmitter at the top of his voice, to the edification of all within hearing. In Japan, most of the operators, or Moshi-moshi, as they are called, are young girls, the average a. eing 14. Telephones with low numbers et the more exp< iced girls and better service than those with high (lumbers. Rights to telephone numbers, especially low ones, are fre- quently purchased by those desiring service and unwilling to v per- haps years for tl Government t0 furnish service. In Turkey, the work is done by (. Annum Jev and other races. As there are three Sabbaths observed in each week by Mo- hammedan, Jew and Christian respectively, there little telephone traf- fic on Fridays. Saturdays or Sundays. In India, most of the women operators su Eurasian r mixed Eu- ropean and native stock, though many operators are men. In England, an operator is called a " Pelephonist." In Russia, it is a penal offence to call them anything but "Comrade" "Citizeness." In Japan, on answering a call, the Operator says, "Moshi-moshi," which is the equivalent of "Hello." In England, "Are you there?" In France, "I'm listening," In Germany, "Here's the exchangi In Norway, "Central" or "Yes." In Sweden, the operator simply gives her own number, as "40." In Belgium, on completing the call, the operator says, "Talk.' In Sweden, "Please begin." In Norway, "Clear." In England, the "Telephonist" says, "You're through," meaning yon are connected "through" to your "parly" and may begin to talk. An American thus addressed replied "Why I haven't begun yet." i STRIKE WHILE THE IRON IS HOT—A CLASS THEN AND THERE BOOKS and PROPAGANDA Material of all kind» art on tale at Tba ESPERANTO OPFICB Drop us a postcard asking for a catalog THB ESPERANTO OFFICE, 507 Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston 17, Mass., Uaona ISOLATED STUDENTS! The editor of Amerika Esperantisto, formerly chairman of examinations of E. A. N. A. offers A PRACTICAL CORRESPONDENCE COURSE in ESPERANTO in throe terms of fifteen lessons each. This is guaranteed to prepare one for the advanced \. X. A. and give one a thoro working knowl- guage. 1 ruction individual, and in case of failure to pass the E. A. X. A. advanced examination upon completion of the course free i will be given until the student passes. Payment is required ii ance, but a student may stop work at any time, and fees will be refunded covering the uncompleted portion of the course. Prio ling constant individual instruction), per term. $1 in ad\ am Entire course (tl tern. ivancc) $40. Special Elementary Course» Those following the jmeritary Le now running in Amerika 1 rantisto may receive individual instruction and ex- amination upon tl. les with guarantee to prepare the student to pa he preliminary examination of E. A. N. A., at the ial price o 5 per 1 i of ten le (in advance). Payment subject to refund pro tanto if work discontinued. Herbi M. Scott, A. K. of E. A. N. A., Moundsville, W. Va. tve Money on Your PERIODICAL SUBSCRIPTIONS Lowe- Rates on Your List. We make a Specialty of furnishing Magazines of all kinds wherever pub- lished, to cribers anyv c. Send us your Magazine orders for Quotation THE PALMER CO. 120 Boylston St. Boston, Mass. TUCKER TEACHERS' AGENCY, Inc. 120 Boylston Street Rooms 516-517-518-519 Boston, Mass. ADVERTISE IN ENGLISH — AND IN ESPERANTO Reklamoj $20. po p«fco—y4 pa$aj au pli—10 numeroj ten Ŝanfto $150. PerantoJ skribu, pri rat*to. STUDY ESPERANTO ESPERANTO HAS THE ENDORSEMENT OF EVERY REASONABLE INVESTIGATOR as the one PRACTICAL auxiliary language Recognized and in use as such since the World War by: The International Red Cross The World Union of International Associations The French and Italian Associations for the Advancement of Science The French Academy of Sciences The International Women's Suffrage Alliance The Internationa) Peace Bureau The International Labor Office The World Union of Women The Catholic International League of Youth The Young Men's Christian Association The International Bureau of I masons he International Fairs of Leipzig, Frankfort, Lyons, Paris. Basle, Padua, Lisbon, Barcelona, Bratislau, Bordeaux, Vienna, Reichenburg, Malmoe, and Helsingfors The Centennial Exposition of Brazil The Paris Chamber of Commerce and dozens of other organizations UNANIMOUSLY ENDORSED BY LEAGUE OF NATIONS ASSEMBLY By vote of September 21, 1922 HESITATE NO LONGER ELEMENTARY and ADVANCED CLASSES FOR STUDY OF THE LANGUAGE are now just forming in all the principal cities of NORTH AMERICA and courses by correspondence may be arranged for anywhere (If you lack details as to local courses write today to) The Central Office of the Esperanto Association of North America 507 Pierce Bldg., Copley Sq., Boston 17, Mass., Hdqrs. for information & supplies