1994(2) The ELNA Newsletter: News of the Language Problem and Esperanto as the solution IN THIS ISSUE: Esperanto in Politics and Government: Esperanto and UNESCO UNESCO's latest resolution in favor of Esperanto 1 How it was passed 5 Esperanto and Global Democracy 2 Esperanto in the European Parliament 3 Esperanto and San Francisco's Mayor 4 Esperanto and the Radical Party 11 Esperanto and the Net Getting on-line 7 Two new Esperanto software packages 13 Announcements 6 The Carson Educational Fund 10 Letters 11 Review of Tendaraj Tagoj 13 Language in the News 15 9{pva FLUtujo REZOLUCIO DE UNESKO La Generate Konferenco, Memorigante la Rekomendon pri Edukado por Internaciaj Kompreniĝo, Kunlaboro kaj Paco de 1974 kaj la Rekomendojn de la Internacia Kongreso pri Paco en la Menso de la Homoj (Yamoussoukro, Ebura Bordo, 1989), Konsiderante la fundamentan rolon kiun lingva komunikado alirebla por ĉiuj povas ludi en la antaŭenigo de paco kaj de interpopola kompreniĝo, Memorigante la rezolucion IY. 1.4.422-4224, per kiu la Ĝenerala Konferenco de 1954 en Montevideo rekonis "la rezultojn atingitajn per Espe- ranto sur la kampo de la internaciaj intelektaj intersanĝoj kaj por la proksimigo de la popoloj de la mondo" kaj rekonis "ke tiuj rezultoj respondas al la celoj kaj idealoj de Unesko", Memorigante la rezolucion 11.11, per kiu la dudek-tria sesio de la Ĝenerala Konferenco de Unesko petis la Ĝeneralan Direktoron plu sekvi "kun atento la evoluon de Esperanto kiel rimedo por plibonigi la komprenon inter malsamaj nacioj kaj kulturoj" kaj invitis la Statojn-Membrojn "instigi al la enkonduko de studprogramo pri la lingvo-problemo kaj pri Esperanto en siaj lernejoj kaj siaj institucioj de supera edukado", Konsiderante krome ke, en la kadro de lastatempaj studoj pri automata tradukado, ekzamenado de la specifarolo kiun povas ludi lingvo kiel Esperanto povas montriĝi aparte grava, Petas la Ceneralan Direktoron konsideri la rezultojn atingitajn de la movado disvastigantaEsperanton: (a) en la Sinteza Raporto pri ellaborado de instruprogramoj, pri trejnado de instniistoj kaj pri novigoj en la kampo de edukado por internacia kompreniĝo, paco, homaj rajtoj kaj demokratio, (b) en la redaktota manlibro pri gvidaj principoj por komunikado de pac- valoroj; Petas tiucele la Ŝtatojn-Membrojn raporti pri la agado plenumita kiel sekvo de la rezolucio 11.11 de 1985, precipe koncerne la studprogramojn pri Espe- ranto kaj iliajn rezultojn. Esperanto, Dec. 1993 Ada Fighiera-Sikorska (dekstre) kaj Giorgio Pagano (apude) ĉe la barilo de Unesko, dum policanoj eskortas la manifestacion de la 4a de novembro (vidu internan ardkolon de I. Ertl). EDITOR A L A couple of weeks ago I got to experi- ence democracy at first hand. I went down to my local polling place for this year's primary election, was handed an unmarked ballot in a plastic holder (so that nobody could see it but me), got to enter a square booth with a curtain hanging over the front, and was able to vote for, among other things, my incumbent representa- tive in Congress to represent my party in this fall's general election. Right. I got to vote for him. I didn't get to vote against him—he was the only candidate on the ballot. Now I don't want to say anything about my district's Congressman. His views, to a great extent, match my own. I would probably have voted for him in any field of ten candidates. But there weren't ten can- didates on the ballot. There was only one. Some will tell me that I was engaged in the democratic process. There was the secret ballot. There was the enclosed vot- ing booth. I was allowed to vote for any- one at all—at least from among those names presented to me. But there was no choice. To me, democracy implies choice. I had none. Democracy implies much more, as far as I am concerned. Democracy, to me, is a system in which everyone has the right to participate in the decision-making pro- cess, insofar as the decisions to be made affect* the respublica, the "public thing". Secret ballots, enclosed voting booths, and lists of candidates (more than one for each post) are not the process of democ- racy; they are the culmination of the pro- cess, and its visible trappings. I could say much about the state of democracy in the United States, but I want to address one facet of the system with respect to which the effectively (though not totally) monolingual United States is particularly fortunate—the question of communication as a sine qua non of the democratic process. Let me, rather than use my own words, quote from John Roberts' booklet World Language for One World: In the past language was less cru- cial in politics and government than today, for early empires and feudal states often ignored linguistic differ- ences in their calculations and ad- ministration but it has become central SINE QUA NON since the 19th century. This is surely related to the rise of democracy. As International Literacy Year was in 1991... She U.K. alone probably had about three million illiterate people. Half the people in the world cannot read or write: what hope is there that many of them will master a second national language? Even the coun- tries where today English is a widely- used second language would be hard pressed to maintain a democracy if their own citizens had to use English instead of the mother-tongue. Na- tional elections in Sweden, Holland or Germany, all lands with a very high general level of English-speak- ing and understanding, would still be inconceivable in a foreign language, even English. So why should anyone imagine that such a proceeding would be satisfactory in a fully demo- cratic European or a global election? The problem is acute at the lowest level. If an Assembly relies upon a current world language, say Russian or English, there will be many voters for whom this is a third, not a second language. They will be compelled to learn that language or be handi- capped in seeking election or even in influencing their representative. Even if they understand the language of political life it will only rarely be one in which they will have more than a semblance of equality with those for whom it is a mother-tongue. For one British member of the Eu- ropean Parliament: "Democracy means that any person, educated or uneducated, peasant or poet, can as- pire to be a Member of Parliament and represent the Community and as soon as we cease to conduct business in national languages this right would, in practice, be restricted." There cannot be a way forward for democracy without a common (popular) language. A chosen second language will commence as an inter- national language but when it be- comes used in a global democracy, it will in fact be a world language. Democracy requires above all easy intercourse between all citizens, since they have to co-operate in order to create a successful political com- munity. Anyone who has sampled an international gathering dependent upon translators and interpreters knows at least something of the pit- falls in the way of such deliberations there. It is inconceivable that a global assembly of representatives com- pelled to use interpreters could func- tion adequately if they had to do more than rubber-stamp the decisions of their governments. The most positive reason for a world second language is to enable a global democracy. The negative reason, if that does not ar- rive, is even more compelling. What choices will there be when all peoples elect delegates to represent them? a) elect representatives who areuni-lin- gual, b) elect people who speak a common language and their own, c) elect representatives who speak their own and several others. Today, the election of a world par- liament would inevitably require rep- resentatives to speak English. What would that entail? First, they would need to be either native-born Anglophones or part of the 5 % of any non-Anglophone country who are well-educated and therefore of a rich or better-off class; consequently they would be highly unlikely to represent their constituents adequately. Those constituents would still be compelled to continue to communicate not di- rectly but through the medium of that educated class. A democracy cannot work satisfactorily in such circum- stances. Roberts, a World Federalist, argues the need for a common language to satisfy the needs of a genuine global democracy. The obvious corollary to what he has written above is that, absent such a common lan- guage, global democracy cannot work. Does Roberts have any proposals as to just which language would be most suit- able as a common language for global democracy? Let me quote: "...the obvi- ous choice for such an international lan- guage is Esperanto." Amen. Don Harlow 2 esperanto/usal 994(2) ESPERANTO IN THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT [The following is taken from Efiropa Esperantisto, issue P.] RESUMO. Je 1993-09-29 Esperanto unuafoje estis la temo de konferenco ĉe la Efiropa Parlamento. Pli detalaj informoj estas troveblaj Esperante en Esperanto 1993:10 kaj GEJ-Gazeto 1993:6 kaj ger- mane en Esperanto aktuell 1993:7. Dokumentoj pri la konferenco estos vaste dissenditaj kaj provizas gravan referencon por ĉiujleteroj al EK- politikistoj rilate Esperanton. On September 29 Esperanto was for the first time the subject of a conference held at the European Parliament in Brussels. The subject of the conference, which was supported by the German Hanns-Seidel- Stiftung, was "The communication and language problem in the European Com- munity: To what extent can a planned language contribute to its solution?" Egon Klepsch, the president of the Eu- ropean Parliament, emphasised in his opening speech that EC policy must be based on the principles of linguistic equality and cultural plurality. During the rest of the morning EC politicians and employees described their experiences and opinions concerning the use of lan- guages in the EC institutions. It was re- vealed, for example, that the interpreta- tion during EC meetings, although from all of the EC languages, was often to only some of them. (Interpretation was pro- vided into 4 of the 9 EC languages during the conference itself: Dutch, English, French and German.) Later Detlev Blanke presented interlinguistics as a science that can give practical advice in questions of language politics, and Claude Piron spoke about the psychological factors that make planned languages taboo for many people and prevent rational discussion of the subject. He expressed the hope that the European Parliament's breaking of this taboo would allow more objective study of the communication problem. Particular planned languages were pre- sented in the afternoon: Glosa by Wendy Ashby, Interlingua by Peter Gopsill, and Esperanto by Klaus Schubert. The interlinguist Donald Gasper provided the final summary. Henk Maier and Claude Piron describe the extensive language planning that has characterised the development of Bahasa Indonesia and Romansch respectively, thus showing that there is no hard bound- ary between "natural" and "artificial" languages. Helmar Frank presented the experi- mental evidence thatEsperanto facilitates the acquisition of other languages. Andrea Chiti-Batelli, ex-secretary of the Italian delegation at the European Parliament, pled most explicitly for Espe- ranto, pointing out that Esperanto has passed the prototype stage and is already in "mass production". After a general discussion, all experts were able to agree on one thing: that the communication and language problem requires more detailed study. It was pro- posed that the European Parliament should mandate the Commission to organise a working group on the subject A longer seminar on a similar subject is already being planned for next year. [El numerolOde Efiropa Esperantisto, laŭ teksto de Michael CWTK, kiu unue aperis en Esperanto aktuala, informilo de la Reĝa Esperantista brusela grupo, januaro 1994\ ĉu neŭtrala, interetna planlingvo povus kontribui al solvo de la komunika kaj lingva problemo en la Efiropo Komunumo kaj progresigi nin al "Eŭropo de civitanoj"? ĉu eblas estigi inter la popoloj de la estonta Efiropa Unuiĝo nediskriminacian komunikadon, kiu samtempe konservus kaj eĉ garantius la kulturan kaj lingvan diversecojn de tiu kontinento? Jen la kvintesenco de la demandoj kiujn oni metis en tiu unutaga seminario, organizita de Fondaĵo Harms Seidel. Je la 29a de septembro 1993 la kunveno arigis, en Bruselo, membrojn de la Efiropa Parlamento kaj studgrupon. Unuafoje, pri temo politike del tikla, oni debatis malkaŝe inter reprezentantoj de la Efiropaj Institucioj, fakuloj de interlingvistiko (lingvoplanado kaj planlingvoj), kaj aliaj interesataj grupoj. Oni konstatis, ke, ĉefe al tiuj, kiuj ĉiutage alfrontas tiun lingvan komunikadon, mankas evidente informado, speciale pri ekzemploj de sukcesplena lingvo- planado, pri kampoj, en kiuj planlingvo povus utile helpi nediskriminacian traktadon inter lingvaj grupoj kaj kontribui al ŝirmado de la kultura kaj lingva diverseco de la Komunumo. Kelkaj oficistoj de la Efiropaj Institucioj eĉ asertis, ke ne ekzistas "lingvaj problemoj" en la Komunumo, almenaii ne en la kampoj de komunikado kaj interpretado ene de Efiropaj institucioj. Lapartoprenintaj fakuloj disdonis egan kvanton da informoj, kiujn la Fondaĵo Hanns Seidel publikigos, en kolekto kiu enhavos la tekstojn de la parolintoj, ĉiajn enkondukojn, kaj kromajn dokumentojn. La fakuloj pri interlingvistiko donis imponan ĝeneralan superrigardon pri la projektoj de planlingvoj kiuj aperis dum la lastaj jarcentoj, kaj pri la psifiaj baroj kiujn ill spertis en nia socio. Ekzemple, oni forĵetis la vorton 'frjlanlingvo" kiu, en nia "kulture klera socio", aspektas tiel provoka kiel la vorto "merkata ekonomio" en la siatempaj komunismaj ŝtatoj. Oni parolis pri sukcesaj planlingvoj en Efiropo (la romanĉa en Svisio, Nynorsk en Novegio) kaj en Azio (Bahasa en Indonezio, moderna hebrea en Israelo). Oni informis pri lingvaj eksperimentoj kies celo estis lernigi pli rapide lingvon kiel la anglan danke al helpo de logike konceptita lingvo; resume temis pri uzado de planlingvo kiel pedagogia ilo por faciligi la lernadon kaj de la denaska lingvo kaj de la unua fremda lingvo. Oni prezentis ekzemplojn deplanhngvoj: Es- peranto, Interlingua kaj Glosa. La konkludo estis, ke inter milo da projektoj elkovitaj dum 400 jaroj, nur manpleno el ill estis parolata de iom signifa nombro kaj ke ĝis nun, nur unu el ili, la Internacia Lingvo—Esperanto akiris internacian socian dimension. Kiu sciis, ke tiu planlingvo transvivis tra 4 generacioj kaj ke ĝi plu disvolviĝas, ke ĝi estas elektita kiel "ponto-lingvo" en projekto de automata tradukado kaj ke nuntempe, ĝi estas pli vaste parolata ol iuj naciaj afi regionaj lingvoj? (Onitaksaslanombron de ĝiaj parolantoj ĉirkaŭ duonrniliono; ili estas aparte multaj en Orienta Efiropo kaj ĉinio) Poste oni diskutis, ĉu, konforme kun la instra-programo de la membroŝtatoj, t.e. lerni minimume 2 fremdajn lingvojn en la lernejo, la ideala solvo por konservi la kulturan kaj lingvan diversecojn de la membroŝtatoj ne estus instrui unu facile lerneblan planlingvon kaj unu fremdan nacian lingvon. Oni substrekis la fakton, ke la aktuala instrusistemo en la plej multaj landoj sin reduktas al instruado de Daŭrigo sur paĝo 4 esperanto/usa 1994(2) 3 'MJJ FMJ FMFMd FMP@FT@J Usono C lly and Counfy of San Francisco Whereas On behalf of the City and County of San Francisco / am proud to recognize the 25th Anniversary of the world-renowned Esperanto courses at San Francisco State University taking place J me 27-July 15, 1994; and Whereas SFSU Esperanto courses are internationally praised as a model of higher education in international language, culture and cooperation—they are even considered the pinnacle of Esperanto instruction throughout the Americas; and Whereas Esperanto seeks to facilitate a practical way of understatuling and communication between peoples to avoid future conflicts due to different modes of thought and expression; and Whereas Cathy Schulze has worked tirelessly over the last 25 years to maintain the quality of instruction that our city deserves; now Therefore Be It Resolved That I, Frank M. Jordan, Mayor of the City and County of San Francisco, salute the impressive contributions to better understanding made by "Esperanto" and do hereby proclaim this 27th day of June, 1994 as... International Friendship Day in San Francisco IN WITNESS WHEREOF, 1 have lureuuta set my hand and caused the Seal of the City and County of San Francisco to be affixed. C /' Frank M. Jordan Mayor Daŭrigo de paĝo 3 la angla kiel unua fremda lingyo. La rezulto estas, ke ne nur tiu lingvo kaj kulturo superregas la aliajn, sed ankaŭ, ke la intereso por studi aliajn lingvojn de la Komunumo malkreskas. Perspektive, tiu tendenco elekti nacian ling von kiel vehikla lingvo endanĝerigas kun certeco la kulturan kaj lingvan diversecojn de la Komunumo, car oni ne plu lernas la lingvon kaj ia kulturon de sia najbaro; eu oni ne jam aMris, per granda peno, la eblecon komuniki en lingvo de tutmonda kulturo? La seminario donis ne nur interesan skizon de la nuntempa situacio, en kiu estas malfacile trakti ĉiujn lingvojn de la Komunumo samnivele, sed ankau montris kiamaniere la enkonduko de planlingvo pli bone povus konservi la lingvan diversecon. En la fina diskuto evidentiĝas, ke la aktuala koncepto de "Multlingveco" praktike reduktiĝas al situacio de "Lasu fari", en kiu superrego kaj lingva diskriminacio starigas, endanĝerigante estontecon. Kiel unua paŝo, oniproponis ke la Komisiono de la Eŭropa Parlamento kiu respondecas pri Kulturo kaj Instruado de lingvoj iniciatu, helpe de konsulto ('hearing') kun fakuloj, kaj precipe sub angulo de plivastiĝo de la Komunumo, traktadon de la kulturo- kaj lingvo- problemoj. Hi devus speciale priparoli la propedeŭtikan flankon, t.e. kiel kaj Mom la lernado de planlingvo ebligus akeeli kaj plibonigi la lernadon de fremda nacia lingvo (paderborna eksperimento). Precize tiuteme la seminario prezentis interesan vojon, laŭ Mu helplingvo povus kaj helpi konservi la kulturan diversecon kaj, lafl pli granda temposkalo, la politikan kunteniĝon de Eŭropo. [AJiloke en la sama numero] Interlingua kaj Glosa Al la brusela konferenco de 1993-09- 29 estis invititaj reprezentantoj de du aliaj planlingvoj krom Esperanto: Interlingua Daŭrigosur paĝo 16 4 esperanto/usal 994(2) La tria Unesko-rezofucio emfazas edukon de ERTL Istvan Post Montevideo (1954) kaj Sofio (1985), devispasinurokpluajjarojĝis la ĉenerala Konferenco de Unesko akceptis novan rezolucionpri Esperanto. Tio okazis dum ĝia 2 7-a sesio, finiĝin ta la 16-an de novembro en laPariza Unesko- sidejo. Por trapasigi rezolucion pri Esperanto, en 1954 necesis heroecaj fortostreĉoj de Ivo Lapenna, en 1985 persista agado de Pariza laborgrupo ĉe Unesko kaj vigla diplomatado de Tibor Sekelj. La movado devis tiam mobilizi siajn proprajn fortojn por tia atingo. En 1993 la iniciato venis de nemovada instanco. Larezolucipropono, prezentita de la Unesko delegacio de Italio, rezultis el efika premgrupa aktivado de Esperanto Radikala Asocio (ERA), la "Espe ranta branĉo" de partio kiu enskribis la internacian Engvon en sian poEtikan agendon: la transnacia sed italde vena Radikala Partio. La elpaŝoj de la Radikala Partio of te aperas subitaj, sed iE estas bone preparataj. SimEe, ne estus eble formuE fa proponon ĉe Unesko sen unu jaro da preparaj kontaktoj, kiujn ERA havis en ItaEo kun la nacia Unesko- komisiono (i.a kun prezidantino TulEa Carretoni) kaj kun s-ro Radicati, estro de la kultura sekcio ĉe la ministerio pri eksterlandaj aferoj. Tiel povis okazi ke Ei 27-an de oktobro la Sekretariejo de Unesko ricevis de la itala delegitaro amendo-proponon al unu el la programpunktoj sur la tagordo de la Ĝenerala Konferenco. La submetita teksto i.a. invitis Uneskon ke ĝipetu siajn membroŝtatojn raporti kion iE faris reage al la Sofia rezolucio, kiu en 1985 invitis ilin "instigi al la enkonduko de studprogramo pri la Engvo-problemo kaj pri Esperanto". Politike taŭga moment© Fidele al siaj tradicioj, la radikaluloj pkuiis apogi la proponon per surstrata manifestacio la 4-an de novembro. Por prepari tiun demonstracion, la sekretario de ERA, Giorgio Pagano [cetere membro de ELNA.—red.], venis la 18-an de oktobro al Parizo. Tiuokaze prosperis al li paroli ĉe Unesko kun CoEn M. Power, asista ĝenerala drrektoro por edukado, kun Hans Wolf Rissom, ĉefo de la kunordiga kaj taksa unuo de la eduk- sektoro, kaj kun Joseph Poth, estro de la sektoro pri humanisma edukado. Kiel kunlaborantoj de la Generate Direktoro Federico Mayor, ili povis certigi ke la momento estas poEtike taŭga por starigi proponon pri Esperanto, kaj ke Mayor ĝin apogos volonte. Efektive, la Ĝenerala Direktoro, reelektita dum la nuna Ĝenerala Konferenco por pluaj sep jaroj, jam ofte esprimis simpation al la valoroj de esperantismo, lau E "similaj al tiuj de Unesko". Kvankam Ea antaŭulo ĝis 1986, Amadou Mahtar M'bow, konkretigis sian simpation pli personece—plurfoje renkontante UEA- reprezentantojn, kaj per ĉeesto en la Universala Kongreso de Rejkjaviko (1977)—, ankaŭ Mayor zorgis telegrame saluti niajn UK-ojn. Lastatempe, liaj salutvortoj senditaj al Valencio esprimis eĉ pE ol bondezirojn: car la elekto de la kongrestemo "Klerigo por la 21-a jarcento" estis "speciale kontentiga por Unesko", li konkrete proponis ke oni havigu al E raporton pri la kongresaj rezultoj, kiun li pretas transdoni al la Intemacia Komisiono pri Edukado por la 21-a Jarcento. Kiel kutime pri proponoj submetotaj al la Cenerala Konferenco, Mayor aldonis noton. Ĝi tekstis jene: 1. La antaŭenigantoj de Espe- ranto havas celojn similajn al tiuj de la Organizo laŭ tio ke ili strebas konkrete faciligi la kompreniĝon kaj komunikadon inter popoloj kaj individuoj, kaj samtempe elimini poten- cialan fonton de nunaj kaj estontaj konfliktoj, kiujn kaŭzas konfrontiĝo de pensmanieroj kaj mal- sameco de esprirnmanieroj. 2. La Cenerala Direktoro principe apogas la proponon kaj faros ĉion eblanpordoni alĝi sekvon en la kadro de la projekto "Linguapax" (27 C/5, par. 05220), kaj eventuale en la kadro de la Programo de Partopreno, se interesataj Ŝtatoj-Membroj submetos speedajnpetojn. Kiel en la kazo de sia Valencia saluto, Mayor do kompletigis la vortojn de rekono kaj simpatio (1.) per konkretaĵo (2.): Esperanto-projektoj povus ricevi lokon kaj subvencion kadre de "Linguapax", programo celanta fortigi la ligon Inter Engvolnstruado kaj internacia amikeco, aŭ en la t.n. Programo de Partopreno, kiu subtenas plej diversajn agadojn konformajn al la celoj de Unesko. Por ambaŭ programoj ne nur membroŝtatoj rajtas fari proponojn, sed ankau neregistaraj organizaĵoj en konsultaj rilatoj kun Unesko, kiel UEA. En la kadro de "Linguapax" Unesko pretas garantii 50%-an financadon (ĝis maks. 25 mE dolaroj), dum la alia duono devas veni de la proponanto. Celante fruktuzi tiun okazon, Barbara Despiney (la komisiito de UEA ĉe Unesko), Hans Michael Maitzen kaj Zlatko Tiŝljar jam varbis la subtenon de la aŭstra kaj pola delegacioj por akiri subvencion al simpozio de UEA pri Intemacia famiEo (vd. Esperanto nov., p. 188). La noto de Mayor estis konigita de Anders Arfwedson, vicdirektoro pri kulturo, kaj Joseph Poth, al la reprezentantoj de la ĉ. 25 manifestacianoj la 4-an de novembro: Giorgio Pagano kaj Ada Fighiera Sikorska, redaktorino de Heroldo de Es- peranto [vidu la fotaĵon sur la kovrilo]. La demonstraciantoj—krom stari malantaŭ slogan-strio de la Radikala Partio—metis sur la glacojn de parkitaj aŭtoj flugfoliojn kaj disdonis Ein ĉe vojkruciĝo. Intertempe la sorto de la rezolucipropono tamen ne estis certa. Proponoj prezentitaj de nur unu delegacio ofte devas esti retirataj, pro malsufiĉa subteno. Barbara Despiney, kiu forestis el Francio dum preskaŭ du monatoj, scuĝis pri la rata demarŝo nur je sia reveno, la 5-an de novembro. si kaj Jan Koszmaluk, kiu ankaŭ delonge reprezentas UEA ĉe Unesko, tamen sukcesis paroli kun membroj de diversaj delegitaroj. La aŭstraliaprezidanto de la koncernata 5-a laborkomisiono, kies patro estis esperantisto (!), certigis Koszmaluk ke la propono trapasos senprobleme, kaj ne necesos elpaŝo de aEaj delegacioj. Daŭrigo sur paĝo 10 esperanto/usa 1994(2) 5 ©@J [La rubriko Anoncoj enhavas diversajn reklametojn, petojn, ktp., kiuĵ estas diskonigindaj sed ne povas trovi lokon en alia rubriko. Nek ELNA nek la redaktoro povas promesi aŭ prirespondeci definitivanplenumon deio ajnpromesita en anoncoj "Familioj" estas la temo por la ĉijara NOREK (Nord-Okcidenta Regiona Es- peranto-Konferenco), Mu okazos ĉe la Universitato de Trinity Western en Lan- gley, Brita Kolumbio, de la 19a ĝis la 21a de aŭgusto 1994. Petu aiiĝilon kaj proponu vin kiel programanon ĉe: W. G. du Temple, 765 Braemar, Sidney B.C., Kanado,V8L3Sl. ATTENTION MACINTOSH US- ERS: Esperantize your Mac using MultiKeys Esperanto Set! Package in- cludes MultiKeys keyboard resources and bitmap, PostScript and TrueType fonts. I can also design custom keyboard layouts and rebuild fonts to your specifi- cations! Contact Linguistica, 646- 6172@MCIMail.com or write Lin- guistica, 619 Van Buren Ave., Oxford, MS 38655. Saluton! Se vi ankoraŭ ne forgesis kiel rideti, ridetu do (kial ne?) kaj sendu tiun ĉi rideton (aŭ eĉ ridetojn) al nia internacia ekspozicio La Mondo Ridetas. Prenu kaj ekspedu al ni via(j)n rideto(j)n en ajna ebla formo (foto, desegnaĵo, printaĵo ktp). La ago de ridetontoj kaj lakvantoj/dimensio de viaj kontribuoj estas nelimigitaj. Dankon! Atendante viajn ridetojn ĝis la fino de 1994, samideane restas kun amikaj ridetoj, ridet-aktivuloj de la Internacia Muzeo de Paco kaj Solidaro, Pk 76, UZ-703000 SAMARKAND, Res- publiko Uzbekistano. Samarkandaj esperantistoj preparas nun du internaciajn letervesperojn: aŭguste 1994, memore al la 600-jariĝo de la granda scienculo-astronomo kaj ŝtata aganto Mirzo Ulugbek (la nepo de Tamerlan), kies jubileo estas celebrata ĉijare sub aŭspicio de UNESKO, kaj septembre 1994, dediĉe al la 3-jara datreveno de sendependiĝo de Respubliko Uzbekistano. Viaj tiutemaj kontribuoj (salutleteroj, nacilingvaj artikoloj, libroj, fotoj, dokumentoj pri la epoko de Timuridoj, Ulugbek, Uzbekistano ktp) estas tie bonvenaj. La plej interesajn materialojn ni publikigos en nia nacilingva gazetaro. Ni pretas rekompenci viajn sendaĵojn laŭ via deziro per uzbekaj memoraĵoj. Adreso ĉion jam nun al: Esperanto-klubo, Pk 76, UZ-703000 SAMARKAND, Respubliko Uzbekistano. Komence de la 15a de julio, funkcios nova Bahaa/Esperanto komputila afiŝejo (bbs) "The Embassy of Good- will". Ĝiarapideco estos 2400 baŭdoj, 24 horojn ĉiutage. Telefono de la afiŝejo: +1-816-231-3558. Alvino E. Fantini and Timothy G. Reagan, at the request of the Esperantic Studies Foundation, have prepared a draft report titled Esperanto and Educa- tion: Toward a Research Agenda. Dr. Fantini directs the Bilingual- Multicultural Education Program at the School for International Training, Brattleboro, VT; Prof. Reagan is with the Department of Educational Leadership, School of Education, University of Con- necticut. The report addresses five inter- related areas in research on Esperanto in education, and contains a bibliography and several appendices. The book is spi- ral bound, 8-U2 x 11 inches, 136 pp. plus appendices, and costs $14.00 postpaid. It may be ordered from: J. Pool, ESF, Centerplex, 6100 Southcenter Blvd. Suite 150, Seattle WA 98188-5708. The Esperantic Studies Foundation publishes an occasional four-page news- letter, Esperantic Studies, in English. It is available free of charge. To receive the next few issues or previous ones, contact: E. James Lieberman, M.D., 3900 Northampton Street, N.W., Washing- ton DC 20015, tel. +1-202-362-3963, fax +1-202-363-6899, e-mail Ueberm@gwis.circ.gwu.edu. The following volumes, produced by the Center for Research and Docu- mentation on World Language Prob- lems in cooperation with the University Press of America under the series editorship of Humphrey Tonkin, Presi- dent of die University of Hartford, are currently available: Language in Reli- gion, Humphrey Tonkin & Allison Armstrong Keef (eds), 1989, vii+121 pp, $36, ISBN 0-8191-7511-0; Language as Barrier and Bridge, Kurt E. MfiUer (ed), 1992,xvi+125pp,$42.50,ISBN0-8191- 8670-8; Aspects of Internationalism: Language and Culture, Ian M. Richmond (ed), 1993,x+151pp,$36,ISBN 0-8191- 8859-X (all volumes bound). Credit-card orders by phone from: University Press of America, +1-800-462-6420. Servo de 8.A.T. por vojagl ttovipdnlere / Soeiaj Vlxitoj Variaj DUkutoj i Amikaj Aktlvajoj DlversaJ Partneroj •I ! 1 Por informoj pri la Amikeca Reto, vojaĝa servo de la Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda (iom simila al Pasporta Servo), skribu al: Amikeca Reto, 88 rue Victor Hugo, F-37400 AMBOISE, Francio, tel. +33-47-57-55-63. 6 esperanto/usal 994(2) GETTING ON-LINE by Don Harlow (donh@netcom.com) Over the past half year or so, several Esperantists have asked me how you can go about getting hooked up to the so- called "information superhighway," along which many Esperantists are already driv- ing in their electronic Rolls-Royces. Be- tween fifteen and twenty percent of ELNA's members have electronic ad- dresses; more than half the members of the ELNA Estraro are on-line; and (for those who are on the net) an international address list of some five hundred Espe- rantists in almost forty countries is al- ready available. There are really two questions you should ask about getting on-line: "How?" and "Why?" The "how" is not really all that difficult, but does involve a certain amount of financial sacrifice—probably as much as you would have paid for a new car... twenty-five years ago. Naturally, you are not going to want to put out that much money unless you feel that you are going to get something for it. Let me address these two questions in order: HOW? Basically, you needfour pieces of hard- ware: • a computer; • a monitor, the computer equivalent of a TV screen; • a keyboard; • a modem. In addition, you need to have a tele- phone line with a modular socket into which yourphone is plugged with amodu- lar jack—that's the kind that you squeeze and pull out, and that makes a small click when you push it in. (This also reminds me of two minor items that you will need. Since your com- puter, monitor and modem will be pow- ered separately, you'll probably need a "power strip" from Radio Shack so that you'll have enough sockets for all the power cords. And you'll need an addi- tional phone cord, also available from Radio Shack.) The computer should be fairly recent, if possible. This is not necessary for com- munications, but you will probably want to use it for other things as well. A 33 Megahertz Intel 80386 system with eight megabytes of RAM (random access memory) and an internal hard disk drive with a couple of hundred megabytes of storage should suffice, if you're an IBM fan; for you Macintosh fans, I did allright with an antique SE with four megabytes of RAM and a 40 megabyte internal hard disk (also, an add-on 44-megabyte car- tridge hard drive helped a lot). Since last Christmas, however, I have switched over to a Quadra 650 with eight megabytes of RAM and a 230 megabyte internal hard disk. WARNING: if you start exploring on the net, you will find lots of neat stuff, most of which has nothing to do with Esperanto, that you will want to "down- load" (copy to your own machine) for use at home—on-line books, pictures, docu- ments, etc. Even a large hard drive can fill up very, very fast, as I have found to my sorrow. Your choices here are: (1) get a very large hard drive (gigabyte drives— that's roughly the equivalent of two thou- sand standard-sized novels—are not un- common and not too exorbitant in terms of price); (2) keep lots of floppy disks handy, on which to save documents; and (3) exercise a certain amount of judge- ment about what yourealfyneed. Frankly, I have had to turn to number (2), since number (3) is beyond my moral compe- tence. The monitor should be one that won't give you eyestrain. For simple E-mail and the like, you don't need a color moni- tor (and, like color television sets, they are more expensive), but if you start copy- ing pictures off the net to look at, you'll probably want to see them in color. And you'll want to have a certain amount of space in which to work. After using a 14- inch color monitor for a while, I don't know how I ever got along with the SE's tiny black-and-white peephole. Check it out before you buy. What to say about the keyboard? A keyboard is a keyboard. However, I no- tice that, while my Mac keyboard at home clicks briskly as I type, a very comforting feeling indeed, my keyboard at work feels like I'm typing through marshmallows. Again, ask to test before you buy. Test while seated, and test the keyboard both flat and tilted (most keyboards can be tilted up toward the user). A keyboard can make or break a system, as those who remember the Commodore Pet's midget keyboard, the Atari 400's membrane key- board, and the chiclet keyboards of the Texas Instruments TI99/4 and IBM's PC Junior can tell you. Finally, to hook up to the net you need a modem. This esoteric sounding name is simply an abbreviation for modulator- demodulator. What it does is convert the computer's electronic signals into sig- nals that the phone company can handle, and vice versa Whatkind of modem to get? I managed togetalong with an old 1200 baud Avatex modem that cost me $99 for quite a long time."Getalong"is,perhaps,acharitable expression. The number of bytes that a modem will transfer over the wires, per second, is usually the baud rate divided by ten, more or less. When you want to transfer a million-byte file (yes, it hap- pens!), with a 1200 baud modem you can estimate that the transfer time will be on the order of eight thousand seconds. For those who are not quick at math, this comes out to over two hours. If your service is charging by the hour, that mil- lion-byte file may quickly become more expensive than it's worth. What you will probably want is a 14,400 baud modem. These are available today for not much more than I paid for my Avatex some years ago. With a 14,400 baud modem, your million-byte file can be transferred in... let me see... ah, yes! About eleven and a half minutes. Much more time- and cost-effective. But that's not the whole story. Many modem modems support what are called "compression protocols". Look for the key-word "V32bis" when you buy your modem; that's the best. What happens here is that many services, after they connect up with your modem, check for those compression protocols and, if they find them, when they send you a file they will compress it, and your modem, as it esperanto/usa 1994(2) 7 receives it, will uncompress it. What this means is that fewer bytes will be passed over the wires in the actual transmission. To put actual numbers to this: I've re- ceived text files, over my 1440-charac- ter-per-second modem, at rates as high as 3300 characters per second. That means that your million-byte file will now be transferred from Denmark or wherever into your machine in a total time of about five minutes. (Note: compression works best on text files. "Binary"files such as pictures don't experience compression anywhere near as great; but then most such files are already compressed, in some way or another.) When you get your modem, you con- nect it (with a supplied cable) to the computer's serial port (see your computer's accompanying manual for its location) and plug it into the wall or your power strip. Then you do the following: (1) unplug your phone from its modular wall socket; (2) plug the modem into the same socket, using the line you bought at Radio Shack—the modem end should go into the hole marked "line"; (3) plug your phone into the hole in the modem marked "phone". All things considered, you should now be about ready to go. Of course, as someone pointed out a long time ago a computer without soft- ware (the instructions to make it do its thing) is a very, very expensive doorstop. The computer itself should come with a set of disks to make it go. For the IBM- type machines, these will contain the so- called "operating system" (usually MS- DOS), lots of ancillary programs and extensions, and possibly the graphical user interface "Windows" which loads in on top of DOS and makes the IBM-type machines work something like a Macintosh. For the Macintosh, the main operating system is built into the ma- chine, but you Tl get disks with a front end to make it go and to add patches to it ("System 7") and other utilities and "driv- ers" for devices that you may want to hook up to your machine from time to time (e.g. scanners and printers). Just follow instructions to get started with these (you'll probably receive two or three books with your machine, most of them very thick and intimidating, one of them very thin; the instructions to get started will be in the thin one). You'll also need software to run your modem. Most high-quality modem soft- ware packages can run a couple of hun- dred dollars. But you should receive a software package with your modem, and it will certainly serve you for as long as necessary; 1 got Microphone 1.7 with my modem, and also some facsimile soft- ware, since my modem also doubles as a facsimile machine (If you like to send letters to the editor, you'll find this capa- bility invaluable). However, I no longer use MicroPhone 1.7; I found a package that serves me much better in one of the repositories on the net, and have been using ZTerm 0.9 for the better part of a year now. ZTerm is what is referred to as shareware—somebody created it on his own and released it to the world with the request that anybody who decided to use it should register with him and send him some money. You, too, may find some- thing you like better on the net; commu- nication software Is generally not mo- dem-specific. Finally, you'll need a service through which to send E-mail and "surf" the internet. I started out with CompuServe Information Service (CIS), whichremains the major such service in this country, and I still maintain an account there (I looked at it for the first time in almost two years the other day—it is still active!). CIS is not the only service of its type in the world; many FJLNA members belong to America On-line, General Electric's GEnie, Delphi, BBC, Prodigy, etc. The problem with services of this sort is that they give relatively limited access to the internet. Delphi and AOL now provide internet access, but in terms of the tools they provide to their users, that access is not as efficient as it could be. On the other hand, all of these services pro- vide internal forums, message capability, and well-ordered libraries that, in many ways, are like a mini-intemet without the internet's prevailing anarchy. At the end of 19921 switched over to a (then small) San Jose internet provider named Netcom On-Line Communica- tions. Netcom maintains some of the same in-house services that the mega-bulletin- boards such as CIS do, but on nowhere nearly the same scale. What they do pro- vide is major access to the internet, and a complete ensemble of software tools to use for "surfing the net". There are a number of other commercial providers around the country that emulate them today. One other thing they provide that CIS and the others do not is flat-rate access; for $17.50/month you can spend all day and all night, every day and every night, on the net. When you set up an account somewhere, you shouldkeep this point In mind: if you pay by the hour, you are going to end up paying through the nose. The net is addictive. There are now anumber of books about the internet on the market. Many of them have lists of providers in their appendi- ces, along with telephone numbers at which they can be contacted. There is PanixPublic Access Internetin and around New York, Digital Express Group In the Washmgton, DC, area, The Well and CR Laboratories In northern California, TECHbooks In Oregon, Netcom all over... Check for one that is near you, is accessible by a local telephone call, charges a flat rate, and provides a com- plete set of Internet services. (There are other possibilities. If you are a teacher, you may be able to get free access from your local university. If you have access to a local computer user group or magazine, you may be able to find an inexpensive or free local bulletin board service thatprovides atleastinternet E-mail capability and Usenet newsgroup access.) WHY? If you're not interested in communi- cating with the rest of the world, then you should probably not waste your money and energy getting on-line. Anyway, all this "information superhighway" stuff is probably, like the automobile and televi- sion, a passing fad. But if you're reading this newsletter, at some point you have already decided that you're interested in communicating with the rest of the world; so this warning is obviously not meant for you. Let's start with Esperanto, since this Is an Esperanto magazine. There are hun- dreds of Esperantists around the world who are on the net; in fact, there are hundreds who have signed up on Derk Ederveen's monthly list of on-line Espe- rantists, which is far from all-inclusive. Another useful statistic might be the num- ber of people who subscribe to Usenet's newsgroup "soc.culture.esperanto". Ac- 8 esperanto/usal 994(2) n j cording to a recent net statistic, in one month some 50,000 people subscribed to that newsgroup (which is mainly in Espe- ranto), making it one of the top ten per- cent of newsgroups by number of sub- scribers. Most people, when they think of the net, think of E-mail, the ability to send mail quickly and instantly all over the world. The system works. I have had occasion to communicate with people in a number of different countries (as well as the United States). On one occasion, I had to exchange some information with an Esperantist in Heidelberg, so as soon as I got up I sent her a message, received one from her, sent her another message to clarify my original point, got back her response ... and then my wife got up to fix breakfast and we left for the day. Compare that with the time it would have taken to send those messages by ordinary mail—even airmail, the whole round trip would have taken about four weeks. There are advantages and disadvan- tages to E-mail. On the one hand, most E- mail systems allow you to incorporate the body of the letter to which you're re- sponding in your own letter, so that you can address it point by point—a real plus. On the other hand, there is a tendency to answer letters perhaps a bit too quickly (and, often, acidly). It is wise to think about what you are going to mail before you send it. There are currently three E-mail lists (that I know of) involving Esperanto. An E-mail list (more properly, "mailing list") is a group of people who, because they don't have Usenet access (like the folks on CompuServe), subscribe to a central authority who, when he/she/it receives a piece of E-mail from one of them, redis- tributes it to all the others. The major such list, administered by Mike Urban of JPL, is "esperanto@rand.org" (its address), and topics addressed are any that are of interest to theEsperantists who subscribe. A similar list, "esper-l@trearn", was es- tablished for people on Bitnet, a univer- sity network. Finally, ELNA is adminis- tering anew list, "rebato-l@netcom.com", whose major purpose is to keep its mem- bers advised about articles that mention or address Esperanto in the mainstream media (as I write this, Martin Battels has just posted an advisory about a mention of Esperanto in the Wall StreetJournalof June 15, in an article about the Klingon translation of the Bible). WARNING: if you are on CompuServe and subscribe to one of these lists, you will be charged by CompuServe for every message you receive from the internet. With enough messages, this can run into some pretty heavy money. This from one who found out the hard way! If you have full internet access, you should be able to subscribe to just about any of the Usenet newsgroups. A newsgroup is simply a title which is ap- plied to a message that one person wants to get out to everybody on the net with similar interests. The message is distrib- uted across the world to every system that receives that newsgroup, and is saved on a file server (very large hard disk) in an appropriately named subdirectory; any user with the proper software can then painlessly access that directory and read new messages. There are two Esperanto newsgroups (that I know of). One is "soc. cdture.esperanto", which is where most of the Esperanto action is; the number of messages there can range from five to thirty per day. The other, a (rather abor- tive) part of the so-called Usenet Univer- sity, is "alt.uu.lang.esperanto.misc", and is generally reserved for questions about Esperanto from non- or neo-Esperantists. Since Esperantists like to talk to each other, they make use of the internet's Internet Relay Chat facility. IRC is the on-line equivalent of CB radio. When you get on it, you can "join" any one of a number of different channels, in most of which people seem to be talking about sex. However, the one you want will not be channel #hottubs (one of the most popular), but channel #esperanto. This channel is always kept open by a 'hot (robot—an independent program that stays on the channel and answers ques- tions from newcomers), and has a regular meeting time every Tuesday afternoon, Universal Time. Sooner or later, there will also be a channel #elna, so that you can communicate directly (at specified times) with the Central Office and some members of the Estraro. In the net's alphabet soup, IRC is far less important than FTP. File Transfer Protocol refers to a system by which documents (text, pictures, programs, the like) are stored in certain directories on certain computers, which are made ac- cessible to people elsewhere. The most interesting of these locations are those which are accessible by "anonymous FTP"—i.e., by anybody in the world. Several of these contain material in and aboutEsperanto. The major such site is to be found at the Technical University of Eindhoven in the Netherlands; ELNA maintains a much smaller site at Netcom; and the Russian Esperantist Union has its own site atDemos Corp. in Moscow. And there are others. Not to mention some private sites, such as my own, which contains several literary works in Espe- ranto. In short, FTP is the net's library system. (The question arises: how do you find something on the net? This is nowhere as easy to do as it is in, for instance, the CompuServe forum libraries. There are several pieces of software which are in- tended to make fmding particular docu- ments in FTP sites possible. When the time comes when you need to find some- thing, remember the name: archie.) Finally, let me talk a bit about the World Wide Web. This may be loosely referred to as a "hypertext" system within the framework of the internet; but actu- ally "hyperdocument" might be a better term, since the documents in question may consist not only of text but also of pictures, sounds, programs... just about anything. The system works as follows. Given a browser program—let's call it "browser"—you activate it, along with the name of a web document that you want to open. Let's say that you type, at your keyboard in your study, the line browser ftp://ftp.neteom.com/pub/ donh/Gtonh.html "browser" opens my FTP site, finds a document named "donh.html", and opens it on your screen. You will see a number of different lines of text, describing dif- ferent services that are available; on each of these lines one or two words are high- lighted like this, and if you press the up and down arrows on your keyboard, a cursor will move up and down between these highlighted words. On one line you see A Harlow family album. Interested in seeing what the edi- tor looks like, you put the cursor on top of esperanto/usa 1994(2) 9 these words and hit the return key. A new document appears on the screen, and you find, to your dismay, that so far only the author's 14-year-old daughter Esther and his granddaughter (via another daughter) are available. (These are pictures, and you can download them to your machine and—if you have the appropriate soft- ware—look at them on your screen.) You back up (with the left-pointing arrow) to the original document, and scan down the rest of the page. You skip the word Esperanto for a moment, work your way downpastastronomy andread- ing material, and come to President Clinton. Hitting the return key here, you suddenly find yourself in the White House archives, with a list of official White House press releases on the screen, all highlighted. One of them has to do with what Clinton said yesterday about the situation in Mozambique, and, being in- terested in Mozambique, you put the cur- sor on that line and hit the return key. The text of the press release appears on the screen and, if you want, you can down- load it to your own computer, for later inclusion in that angry letter to the presi- dent that you want to write in reply. (Or you can save it in your account and use it in an angry letter that you compose on-line and send to Mr. Clinton at his E- mail address, president@whitehouse. gov.) Now you back out to the original docu- ment (two left arrows) and move the cursor up to Esperanto and hit the return key. Here you have access to a number of interesting locations, mcluding an on- line Esperanto word list created some years ago by Neil McBurnett, and to Martin Weichert's Esperanto yellow pages, which will tell you much more about Esperanto on the net than I could even if I devoted this whole issue to the topic. You can also get into the ELNA on- line archives from here, and the FTP site at Emdhoven. And you can find a list of Esperanto literature, which points not only to material in my own FTP site (recent additions: an Esperanto transla- tion of Edward Everett Hale's "The Man Without a Country", done by E.L. Robinson in 1907 and more recently pol- ished by yours truly, and a copy of Julio Baghy's famous original short story "Kiel Mihok instruis angle") but also to mate- rial in Eindhoven and Moscow. Going through this list you can, as with Mr. Clinton's press release, get the document up on your screen and then copy it into your own computer. If you have aprinter, you can even make yourself a hard copy and read it in bed! I could go on at even greater length— the usual internet guidebook is anywhere from 300 to 600 pages long!—but I think that this is enough to give you a basic idea of whether getting on the net is for you or not I hope to see you there soon. Daŭrigo de paĝo 4 Efektive, la 12-an de novembro provizora raporto de la 5-a komisiono informis ke "la Komisiono notis ... [la rezoluci-proponon] 27 C/DR.373 ... (submetitan de Italio)". La vorto notis signifis ke, se kPlerikunsido (la 15-an de nov.) ne malaprobos ĝin, la propono fariĝos rezolucio, sen iaj ŝanĝoj. Kaj tiel okazis: inter aliaj dekoj, eĉ centoj, da rezolucioj pri plej diversaj temoj, ankafi tiu pri Esperanto estis akceptita de la Pleno. Kio sekvos nun? Ĝuste en la pasintjara kongreso de la Radikala Partio, prof. Giandomenico Caggiano diris: 'TLa aktoj de organismoj Mel Unesko ordinare ne havas juran devigon kaj do estas destinitaj lasi la aferojn senianĝaj." ĉu li pravas? Konceme la efikon de Unesko-rezolucioj al la Esperanto movado, certe ne: se ni volus revui ĉiujn konkretajn atingojn Mujn ni povas darua al la rezolucioj de Montevideo kaj Sofio—de libro-eldonoj ĝis konferencoj kaj subvencioj—, ni povus plenigi paĝojn. Jam daŭras la kunordigo de ideoj pri la projektoj prezenteblaj al Unesko. Kiuj el ili fariĝos realo dependos de multaj faktoroj. Dume ni aŭskultu kiel optimismas Giorgio Pagano: "Ni volis montri en unu lando Mo povas rezulti el insista agado. Post la favora sinteno de Italio, ni celu tut-eŭropan subtenon; fine, pere de Europe, ni lanĉu la defion de lingva demokratio al la mondo." El Esperanto, Dec. 1993 FONDAĴO HELPAS ONET VOJAĜI AL MOLDAVIO de Anne Neave La naskiĝanta Esperanto-movado en Moldavio ricevos helpon de du usonaj Esperantistoj ĉi-somere, Ionel Onet kaj Eugeniu Mustea vizitos lalandon por fortiMgi la movadon tie, laboro Mun Mustea komencis lastjare. Mustea instruos novan kurson por komencantoj kaj Onet respondecos pri postbaza kurso por Moldavianoj. Onet vojaĝos al Moldavio dank' al subvencio de la kanada fonduso, Eduka Fondaĵo "Carson". Dum la 10-jara estado de Eduka Fondaĵo "Carson", pluraj usonaj projektoj ricevis financan subtenon. La kuratoroj de la Fondaĵo nun invitas aliajn usonajn Esperantistojn peti financan subtenon por nove iniciataj edukaj projektoj Mel: 8 vojaĝ-studprogramo; 8 financa subteno por vizitantaj profesoroj; « evoluigo de novaj lernolibroj, insrruaj helpiloj kaj korespondaj kursoj—starigo de Esperantaj kursoj en lernejoj, kolegioj afi universitatoj—Esperantaj kursoj por elsendado pere de radio kaj televizio La Eduka Fondaĵo "Carson" fondiĝis en 1983 Mam kanada Esperantisto, Chuck Carson, konfidis sepdek mil dolarojn al Wally du Temple, "por la kresMgo de Esperantujo". Tiu donaco iĝis la koro de E.F.C. Chuck Carson estis bienisto en Saskaĉevano, Kanado. Li ellernis Esperanton en 1969, kaj tuj farĝis dedĉita Esperantisto. En 1978 li donacis kvindek mil dolarojn de sia dumviva ŝparaĵo al la Kanada Esperanto-Asocio. Chuck estis modesta viro, Mu preferis sukcesonporEsperantoalpersonarekono. Li mortis en septembro, 1985. La mono kiun Chuck donacis helpis realigi edukajn projektojn en multaj landoj dum la lastaj dek jaroj. Dum la lasta kunsido de la direktoroj en junio, subvencioj helpis ĉi tiujn projektojn: 8 la 3-a eldono de lemolibro por Estonio 8 sep-taga kurso por infanoj en Tanzanio 8 instruvojaĝo al Moldavio 8 vortlibro por Nepalanoj 8 koresponda kurso por Islandanoj 8 instruvojaĝo en Niĝerio Por petformularo, skribu al Eduka Fondaĵo Carson, 1339 Hamilton St. N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 3W8. Limdatoj jare estas aprilo 1 kaj septembro 1. 10 esperanto/usal 994(2)