IM HimitiM NEWS OF THE LANGUAGE PROBLEM AND ESPERANTO AS A SOLUTION Bimonthly organ of the Esperanto League for North America, Inc., Box 1129, El Cerrito, CA 94530 USA. Telephone (415) 653-0998. Editor: Catherine L. Schuize. Graphics: Wm. R.Harmon.Includes promotional sectioninEnglish andinformationalsection inEsperanto for ELNA members. ISSN 0030-5065. Vol.16 No.4 July-August 1980 The SECOND ESPERANTO CONFERENCE OF THE PACIFIC RIM NATIONS held July 26 - 29 at the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, provided an important setting for planning future cooperation. Considering the distances and costs involved, it is indicative of the growing awareness of the importance of Esperanto that the delegates represented not only the Pacific lands but many European groups as well. Japanese Esperantists were involved at the same time in Tokyo with the World Congress of World Federalists and World Citizens Assembly, but sent greetings as did organizations from all over the world. Formally representing their national Esperanto organiza- tions were: (Australia) Dr. Tim Einihovici; (Canada) W. G. DuTemple; (China) Prof. Chengzhi XUE; (Korea) Prof. Lee Heung-Su; (Mexico) Emilio Arias; (New Zealand) Ellen R. Lymburn; (U.S.A.) William R. Harmon. The largest group was from the United States, followed by the host country, Canada. European countries represented were: England (John & Klaudia Wells); Bulgaria (Janusz Wolak); Germany (Gunther Becker and Adalbert Masuhr); Hungary (Ibolya Feher); Italy (Edvige Ackermann); Switzerland (Gerard & Florence Cool-Cote). INSIDE: ► Summer Reports ► EKVINOKSO: Tago de la Tero EDUCATION NOTES AATE Examinations: Basic Exam: John A. Mathews, Sacramento CA (with distinction) New York. According to Donald Del Seni, principal of the Shallow Intermediate School, Brooklyn, a sixth- grade class will study the international language Esperanto beginning in September. Esperanto will serve as an introduction to foreign language study since the simplicity of its grammar enables students to make use of it in less time than other languages. Vincent Bono, the teacher for the class at Shallow, successfully completed the 1979 in-service course in Esperanto. The Board of Education will list a two- credit course in elementary Esperanto in the in-service training course bulletin beginning September 25th at the High School of Art and Design, 2nd Ave. and E. 57th St., Manhattan. The instructor will be Dr. Julius Balbin, Associate Professor of English, Essex College, New Jersey, who is a linguist and internationally- known Esperanto poet. Philadelphia, PA. Joseph Conroy reports that 33 students have signed up for the Esperanto class at Abraham Lincoln High. The class will meet daily and will earn the same credit as for other foreign languages. San Diego. San Diego Esperanto Club reports that computerized Esperanto lessons are available from Control Data Corporation in San Diego. Bill Schwartz has information about this individualized instruction which costs $12.50 an hour. San Diego students of Ellie Stein L to R: *Howard Gibson, *Mary Alice Cummings, Charlotte Millson, Wally Millson, Bonnie Helmuth, "Harry Stone, *Nancy Stone, Betty Yearley, Betty Sivitz, Lewis Levine, "Esther Schorr, "Mary Swedelius, Lou Stein, ("-students of Ellie Stein) Not in picture: "Jimmy Main, "Jackie Main. Esther Schoor, Mary Cates, and Dolly Murphy of the San Diego Club participated in the Esperanto courses at San Francisco State University this July. i m ii » wig Gifted Kids. Between June 23 and July 23, middle- schoolers studied Esperanto at NOVA Summer School in Loudoun County, VA. They played a game called Lotludo and produced a film strip titled "La Mondo de Esperanto." For it they filmed various subjects such as pets, gymnastics, and a tour of Nova College. They translated the script into Esperanto and recorded it on tape. The film directors (except Moatir Ahmed) shown in the film with teacher Gail Martin are: Shannon Craig, Cory Brooks, Mary Ann Kelly, Patrick Thomas, John Murphy, Shawn Master, and Steve Mulder. SYMPOSIUM: Native Language Influence on Esperanto A linguistics symposium on "Native-language in- fluence on Esperanto" took place May 10,1980 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, supported by the Division of Applied Linguistics and organized by Chin-Chuan Cheng and Bruce Sherwood. Papers presented were: "Variation in Esperanto" (Bruce Sher- wood), "Zamenhof's Germanisms" (Pierre Ullman, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), "The history of the spoken standard in Esperanto" (Richard Wood, Southeast Missouri State University), "The Esperanto of El Popola Ĉinio" (Chin-Chuan Cheng), "National usages in Esperanto" (Matazi Kido, Takasaki, Japan), "An analysis of some characteristics of Hungarian Esperanto" (Bernard Golden, Bakony Museum, Veszprem, Hungary), "The acquisition of Esperanto as a second language" (Grant Goodall, University of California at San Diego), and "Statistical analysis of conversational Esperanto (Bruce Sherwood). The papers by Matazi Kido, Bernard Golden, and Grant Goodall were read for their distant authors. All contributions were in English except for the Esperanto-language paper by Matazi Kido. Note that three papers dealt with non-Indo-European situations (Chinese, Japanese, Hungarian). There were displays of Esperanto literature from many countries and of computer processing of Esperanto. There was a meeting of the Esperanto Studies Association of America. Sixteen persons took part in the symposium. There will soon be available photocopies of the (most- ly English-language) papers. To receive information when it becomes available on how to order copies, write to: Prof. Bruce Sherwood, 252 Eng.Res.Lab., University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61820. THE HOME FRONT Of the million or so Esperantists scattered throughout the world, most of them - at least eighty percent, perhaps ninety percent - are individuals alone, many of them unaware that there are others in the world who speak the language. IZOLULOJ, they are called in the language they've learned - perhaps in an evening course, perhaps from a teach-yourself book. But here and there we find little clumps of Esperantists who have come together for a common purpose: to SPEAK their language. Such clubs serve four important purposes. In the first place, they provide a nucleus of people who will work to promote Esperanto - a subject I intend to at- tack head-on in a few issues. In the second place, they give Esperantists a chance to practice the language. In the third place, they introduce the person who has learned the language to the CULTURE of the worldwide diaspora called Esperantujo. And in the fourth place, they allow those who can already speak the language, but who do not know it, because they've never had a change to try, to be pleasantly surprised. I well remember my first Esperanto club meeting. No, I was not one of those prodigies who can learn the language in a week; I'll quote that case later. I had looked at Esperanto a bit, even to getting myself a copy of the old Connor textbook (now sadly out of print); and I had put out the four and a half bucks it took to join the Universala Esperanto-Asocio (and no, it wasn't THAT long ago!}; and I could read the language pretty well. But I had never heard it spoken. So when I saw in the newspaper a notice that the local Esperanto club was going to meet (this was in Randers, Denmark), I boogied on over to take in the program, which was a very nice gentleman from Japan telling a bunch of very nice people from Denmark about his native country; and no one was as surprised as I was, folks, to find out that I could understand every word! Two years of intensive instruction of Latin in high school (which would be followed by another semester later on) had not given me as much ability in that language - not by a long shot! (You know, it's kind of funny ...later on, at the invita- tion of a friend, I visited a meeting of the English- speaking Union in the same town. Denmark, as you've no doubt heard, is one of the English-speakingest non- English-speaking countries in the world; but that ESU meeting was no better attended than the Esperanto club meeting. Just as well, too. The speaker regaled his audience with his own personal political opinions, from which we all learned that a certain empty- headed young Senator from Massachusetts - his in- itials being JFK - had no chance at his party's nomina- tion the following year.) Esperanto clubs are places that make the Esperan- tist visitor welcome, any place he may go in the world - even his own country. My second Esperanto club meeting was in Sacramento more than half a year later, and it was very similar to my first - down to the speaker; Mr. Itoo was now on the last leg of the same tour he'd been on when I heard him speak in Den- mark! He'd been traveling for the better part of a year, if my memory serves me correctly, using nothing but Esperanto. In Los Angeles, one of the tew places I ever went when I left the campus of my Alma Mater, was the Esperanto Club of Los Angeles. Later, when I was sta- tioned in the United Kingdom with the Air Force, one of the features that made that country enjoyable -many of my fellow officers seemed to find it merely tolerable - was my weekly exposure to the London Esperanto Club, especially to the traditional after- meeting snack at a nearby grill, where Esperantists of all stripes and nationalities would sit and talk; I used to enjoy arguing (in Esperanto, of course) about the pros and cons of the Vietnam War with a Russian friend of mine (he was pro; I was con). Oh, yes. The case I promised earlier to quote occur- red at the London Club. One evening, as I was trying to find a new book to buy even though I couldn't af- ford it, I found a young fellow whose face I didn't recognize standing next to me. I struck up a conversa- tion with him (in Esperanto - THAT was an un- breakable rule at the London Club!) and talked with him about this, that, and the other for about five minutes. I noticed that his Esperanto seemed a bit slow, as though he were searching for words, although grammatically it was perfect; here, I thought, is an ex- ample of somebody who's been studyng the language for a couple of years but has never before had the op- portunity to speak it. Just to make sure... "How long have you been studying Esperanto?" I asked. "I don't remember seeing you around before." "Well Cm/)," he said, "last Saturday (i.e., six days earlier) I was in Foyle's and I saw an Esperanto dic- tionary by a man named Wells. I was interested, so I bought it..." (I recently ran across a similar - although not quite so blatant - case in San Francisco five months ago. I refrain from naming names.) How do you get into an Esperanto Club? There are two ways; either you find one or you found one. The first alternative may be a bit harder in the United States than it would be in Europe or Japan; in this country, according to ELNA membership statistics, Esperan- tists tend to congregate along the coasts, near the Great Lakes, and in a few places around the Gulf Coast - all of them locations, you will note, that face on the outer world. There are major Esperanto societies in New York, Washington, Boston, Chicago, Seattle, Portland, San Francisco, Los Angeles, and San Diego; there are groups, perhaps smaller but certainly no less vigorous, in Columbus, several places in Florida, Boulder, Provo, Santa Barbara, Sacramento. Where else there may be groups in this country, I can't say just off hand; so if I'm slighting anyone out there, PLEASE let the Central Office know. If there is no Esperanto club near your location, then you may have to form your own. If there are other Esperantists around, this should be easy (see the ELNA Adresaro - provided free to members, not available to non-members - for names and addresses; but remember that nowhere near all Esperantists in the USA are members of ELNA). If there are no other Esperantists around, the job may be a bit harder. But that's a story for another issue. Don Harlow Director, ELNA Central Office INICIATOJ Ekvinokso: Tago de la Tero La Ekvinokso, natura fenomeno komuna al homoj ĉie, prezentas taŭgan, neŭtralan festo-tagon al parolantoj de neŭtrala lingvo. Eks-UEA Prezidanto Humphrey Tonkin, en artikolo (UEA revuo Esperanto, 1980-marto) pri iniciato de Tago de la Tero en 1970, skribis: "...la Homo heredis grandegan respondecon, nome la vartadon kaj konservadon de la propra planedo, ne nur por la nuna generacio sed por la venontaj, kaj ne nur por la propra specio sed por duj specioj... "Unu el la ĉefaj aktivuloj en la festado de la Tago de la Tero, la forpasinta usona antropologino, Margaret Mead, emfazis foje, ke 'la preĝoj je la Tago de la Tero estas silento - kie mankas la babelo de lingvoj'. UEA faras sian eblon kunlabori kun la organizantoj de la Tago de la Tero, ĉar ĝiaj celoj estas paralelaj al la niaj. Sed ni havas la grandan avantaĝon, ke niaj preĝoj kaj meditaĵoj povos ĉirkaŭi la globon per unusola lingvo: ne necesas silente mediti kaj esperi, ke la komunaj homaj ecoj tiel manifestiĝos, sed eblas per vortoj esprimi nian komunecon kaj niajn komunajn homajn celojn." [Red. noto: jam antaŭ multaj jaroj, jim Deer de Portland, OR Esperanto Klubo iniciatis belan ceremo- nion por la printempa kaj atuna ekvinoksoj kaj la vintra kaj somera solsticoj. Por tiuj okazoj la klubanoj in- terŝanĝis mesaĝojn kaj donacetojn kun la ĝemelurbo en lapanujo. Klub-kalendaroj reflektu similajn iniciat- ojnl] ESPERANTO - Cu Vira Mondo? (Laŭ Ellie Stein, la inoj ĝin cedis al la uloj!) ELNA-KEA PACIFIKA Esperanto-kongreso 1980 - Ĉu la Virinoj Nur Aliĝas kaj Aplaŭdas? ...Ellie Stein lorn miksitaj estis miaj sentoj post la ELNA-KEA- Pacifika Konferenco en Vancouver, B.C. en Julio. Kia konferenco, mi scivolis, estas tio kie ne venas sufiĉa nombro da virinoj por fari la aplaŭdon? Atente ili aŭskultis dum la estraro bone ordigis la aferojn de la respektivaj asocioj. Rigardinte la oficistaron kiu estris la kongreson, mi rimarkis, ke mankis eĉ unu virino. Kial? Cu virinoj ne havas opiniojn? Cu ili havas nenian kontribuon? Antaŭnelonge mi observis je televido la kongreson de la Respublika Partio dum klopodo elekti prezident- kandidaton. Tiam mi ankaŭ sentis min maltrankvila, malkontenta. Memevidente estas ke la virinoj ankoraŭ staras malantaŭ la viroj, kontente kapjesante dum la viroj manovras aferojn. Multaj virinoj ĉeestis sed mi scivolis kian respondecon ili havis krom voĉdonadon. Mi konkludis, ke virinoj ĉie ankoraŭ devas multon fari ĝis ili atingos veran egalecon. Kial? Kathleen Newland in La Fratineco de Homo diras: "La ŝanĝantaj roloj de virinoj estas unu el la plej gravaj sociaj transformajoj dum la lastaj tri kvaronoj de ĉi tiu jarcento. Neniu sekcio de socio estas netuŝita per la defio de tradiciaj seksaj roloj. La defio tranĉas tra naciaj, sociordaj, etnikaj, kaj ekonomiaj bariloj." Cu la virinoj en ELNA malkuraĝas esprimi siajn ideojn aŭ sentojn? Dum jarcentoj la posedantoj de povo estis la viroj. Se la virinoj en ELNA tenus pli da povo, ĉu la pordoj de ELNA fermus kontraŭ ili? Tute ne. Nuntempe, dank' al la virinmovado, dank' al la akcepto de virinoj en ĉiu klopodo, la estraro de ELNA ne nur akceptos, sed bonvenigos viglan agadon de virinoj en la estraro. Neniam en la historio de ELNA estis virinprezidan- to. Nuntempe ne pli ol tri virinoj apartenas al la ELNA- estraro. Ĉu jam ne venas tempo por tion Ŝanĝi? Eble necesas speciala "Virin-afera Grupo" por aktivigi virinojn en ELNA-aferoj. Virinoj ĉie rompas la katen- ojn. ELNA provizas taŭgan terenon por la energioj kaj gvidkapablo de virinoj. Ili akceptu la defion. [Red. noto: Por la konferencoj en Vancouver, Maria Zacherl faris la ĉefan administran laboron. Olga DuTemple estras la KEA-Libroservon. Cathy Schulze estris la Rezolucian Komitaton, kaj Margaret Barkley estras la Kandidatigan Komitaton. Sed Ellie pravas...la virinoj kaj iliaj talentoj ne sufiĉe videbliĝas. CLS [Postnoto de la Prezidanto de ELNA: Car via prezidan- to estas ankaŭ la kompostanto, paĝiganto, kaj fald- anto de via Newsletter, li ne povis ne vidi la supran ar- tikolon de amikino Ellie Stein. Ŝajnas al mi, ke nia eta mikrokosmo de socio, ELNA, estas multe pli bona modelo de virina partoprenado ol nia Usona socio ĝenerale. Krom tiuj virinoj menciitaj supre de Cathy, ni konstatu, ke la Ĉefdelegito de UEA en Usono estas virino, Bonnie Helmuth (kiom da tiaj en Eŭropo??); Cathy Schulze estas la Redaktoro de nia organo, ja respondeca kaj povoplena posteno; kiel Ellie mencias, troviĝas inaj estraranoj; kaj la ĉefo de la gravega Kan- didatiga Komitato por 1980-1981 estas Peg Barkley. Mi devas konfesi, ke mi tre malofte pensas pri la distingo inter viroj kaj virinoj kiam temas pri allogo de oficistoj-kandidatoj kaj/aŭ kunlaborantoj. Same mi ne pensas pri ĉu iu estas Irlandano, altstatura aŭ malaltstatura, ruĝhara, grandpieda, ktp, kss. Mi emas pensi pri homoj kiel homojn. Mi dubas, kara Ellie, ke estas multaj virseksistporkaĉoj inter ni. Se iuj kapablaj virinoj volas ekagadi en Esperantaj aferoj, ili ja estas, kiel vi supozis, bonvenaj. Ju pli des pli! ...wrh NEKROLOGO Kondolencojn ni esprimas al la familioj de: S-ino Armand Coigne, Clearwater Beach, FL S-ino John Dahnke, Portland, OR S-ro Harold Foulds, Hardy, AR (dumviva membro) Artie Riggle, Sparks, NV Ĉu vi volas viziti Ĉinion? Ekzistas ebleco, ke kelkaj Esperantistoj povus akom- pani aliajn Esperantistojn al Cinio en majo, 1981. Ĉiuj detaloj ankoraŭ ne estas ellaboritaj, sed la kosto estos proksimume $3000. Enlandaj vizitoj kun Ĉinaj Esperantistoj en diversaj belpejzagaj lokoj. Se vi in- teresiĝas, anoncu tion al la ELNA Centra Oficejo por ricevi informon. JAPANOJ AKTIVAS Umeda kaj Syozi en Usono En aprilo S-roj SYOZI Nobuyuki kaj UMEDA Yoshimi faris komercan vojaĝon en Usono. Hi profitis la okazon ankaŭ kontakti Esperantistojn en San Fran- cisco, Minneapolis, Chicago kaj Los Angeles, kie oni aranĝis festojn. En San Francisco, TAKEMURA Akimid, studanto doktoriĝa ĉe Stanford Universitato salutis ilin telefone. En Chicago, Umeda parolis kun iama sekretario de Internacia Fako de Lions-Klubo, kiu interesias pri Esperanto en internaciaj rilatoj. Pere de Kent Jones li sukcesis ricevi utilajn materialojn de Michael Jones, Direktoro de Matematik-lnformcentrejo ĉe Fort Worth, TX. (el plena raporto de Y. Umeda al Julia numero de La Revuo Orienta) La Verdigo de Azio - Japana Esperanto-lnstituto lanĉis kampanjon por havigi Esperanto-librojn al la rapide disvolviĝanta ĉina movado. Ĝi daŭros ĝis 1987. Japana-Esperanto Vortaro preparata. JEI financas novan vortaron kio estos pli ampleksa ol PIV. Jam 240 homoj kontribuis ĉirkaŭ 7 milionojn da enoj. [Red. noto: Imitinda projekto jam longe bezonita en Usono.] SEKSO KAJ EGALECO, JAPANE. Jam internacie konata estas la revueto Sekso kaj Egaleco redaktata de Anna Brenan. En la lasta aprilo Yamakawa S. kaj Hukunaga M. eldonis japanlingvan version kun tradukoj el la Esperanta versio, aĉeteblaj en konataj librejoj. VERDA MAJO EN TELEVIDO en Japanio. La TV-filmo "Hejmsopira Stelo" pritraktis la vivon de HASECAWA Teru (plumnomo Verda Majo), 1912-1947. Ŝi estis pac- aspira japana Esperantisto, edzino de ĉino kiu aktivis en la ĉina milito kontraŭ Japanio. En la filmado kunlaboris ĉinoj kaj japanoj kun popularaj geaktoroj de ambaŭ flankoj. S-ino ISOBE Yukiko de JEI aperis en la filmo kaj priparolis la esperantistecon de la heroino. La ĉefaj geaktoroj ofte dialogis en Esperanto krom la japana kaj ĉina lingvoj. La filmo ankaŭ prezentiĝis en Ĉinio. OCEANIA COLLECTOR, a collector's newsletter published in New Zealand, includes a page informing readers about the value of Esperanto to collectors OCEANIA EXCHANGE CLUB, P.O. Box 3-011, Mahora, Hastings, New Zealand. ELDONA SERVO - Sud-Orienta Esperanto-Centro, nova eldona kaj informa intrepreno, deziras kunlaborantojn pri nova serio "Gramatikaj Helpiloj". La unua, The Accusative in Esperanto, nun estas preta. Sendu viajn proponojn. Ankaŭ serĉataj estas proponoj por alispecaj verkaĵoj: noveloj, romanoj, fikciaj kaj nefikciaj temoj, kaj precipe lerno- au legolibroj por anglalingvanoj. Mark Weddell, Sud-Orienta Esperanto-Centro, PO Box 1042, Indian Rocks Beach FL 33535. LANGUAGE PROBLEMS AND LANGUAGE PLAN- NING - Richard E. Wood, Editor. Triannual: April, July, October. This international interdisciplinary journal, founded in 1966 in the Netherlands, examines political, social, economic, and other problems related to language, within and among nations. Now published at the University of Texas Press, LPLP brings together scholars and practitioners from all parts of the world in a stimulating exchange of research, theory, policies, and techniques oriented toward the solution of language-based problems. Subscription rates: (Worldwide) 1 Year Individuals $12.00 Institutions $20.00 Single Copies $6.00 NOTE: LPLP Vol. 3, No. 3(9) BILINGUAL EDUCATION FOR HIGHLY MOBILE CHILDREN, a comprehensive study by Hugo Baetens Beardsmore, Vrije University, Brussels, on the education of privileged children (of diplomats and the like), migratory children, and im- migrant children, is of particular interest. ANONCOJ Attention ROTARIANS! Georgetown (TX) Rotary Club is considering a proposal that Rotary International study the international language problem. Following a recommendation of Dr. Mario Pei in his book One Language for the World, the club feels a common se- cond language for international use is necessary. Elvin Gentry, President, feels Esperanto might be a viable candidate. Donald Harlow, Director of the ELNA Cen- tral Office, has referred this matter to Rotarian G. Leon-Smith, President of Esperantist Rotarians. In charge of the GRC project is Ned Snead, P.O. Box 1000, Georgetown TX 78626. COMPUTER ASSISTED INSTRUCTION (CAI) for learn- ing Esperanto. Interested in contacting owners of the Apple II Plus microcomputer who are using them for elementary level Esperanto programs is: Bob Broedel, PO. Box 20049, Tallahassee FL 32304. TEKNIKE KLERAJ ESPERANTISTOJ ni bezonas helpon en tradukado de artikoloj kaj resumoj. Generala temo: mastrumado de akvo. Kontaktu: Inĝ. R. Kent Jones, ELNA-Komitato por Sciencaj kaj Teknikaj Aferoj, 452 Aldine, Apt. 501, Chicago IL 60657. CENTRO DE TRANSKONTROLO DE TRADUKOJ (TdT) Lanĉita en 1976 far J. A. Briscoe, Anglujo, TdT serĉas kunlaborantojn en tradukokontrola servo cele al pli profesia lingvo en eldonitaj tradukaĵoj. Por ricevi regularon de TdT, sendu 2 RK al: J.S. Veen, Sluyterslaan 231, 34 31 BE Nieuwegein, Netherlands. POR FONDI INTERNACIAN ASOCION DE ESPERAN TISTAJ TRADUKISTOJ en kunlaboro kun UEA kaj IN- TERNACIA FEDERACIO DE TRADUKISTOJ - Esperan- tistaj traduk(ist)antoj, fakuloj, k.a kiuj deziras kunor- digi individuajn laborojn, organizi internaciajn renkontiĝojn k.s., skribu al: S-ro Zbigniew CzupkaHo, UEA Delegito, PL 24-22, Niedrzwica Duza, Pollando San Francisco State University Esperanto courses have to be the most popular in the world, since many of the students return for courses which are complete- ly redesigned each year. A pleasant campus and serious students make it possible to attract topflight instructors. Dr. James Cool and Grant Goodall more than fulfilled our expectations. Teachers who prepared well were matched by students who did likewise, resulting in lively class sessions. Foreign visitors always enrich the curriculum. This year Jacob Scutaro of Roumania and Fumio Asano of Tokyo shed light on the very different Esperanto movements in their countries. The SFSU Scholarship Fund functioned well this year thanks to gifts from Gigi Harabagiu, Dale Brown, Mary & Conn Murray, Lucy & Bill Harmon, Cathy & Bill Schulze; Portland, San Francisco and Napa Esperanto Clubs; and funds from the All-California Esperanto Conference at Santa Barbara, the Santa Barbara Club, and from all those who participated in the lively auction at Santa Barbara. Course evaluation sheets prepared by each student at the end of the course help make subsequent courses responsive to the needs and interests of the students. Suggested Action for Local Clubs: Arrange conferences with other clubs in your area. Use the profits to send worthy students to SFSU. In Summer 1981, they will have the opportunity to study with Dr. Claude Piron of the University of Geneva, Switzerland. KEY TO THE PHOTOGRAPHS: #1 Flanked by their professors, Grand Goodall [left], Dr. James Cool [right], are Roger Blaine, Michael Saunter, and Daniel Burke. #2 Roger Blaine emphasizes a point during the "great debate" on neologisms. #3 A relaxed moment in class: lam Richmond, Les Amer, Derek Roff, and Thorn Hess. #4 Study goes on in the dorms: Roumanian Jacob Scutaru tapes the poem Santos Vega for Thorn Hess who admired his pronunciation. But SFSU isn't just "kursoj" but also "EKSkursoj." Garden parties at the homes of Bill & Lucy Harmon and Bill & Cathy Schulze, should be part of the course description. Photos taken at the Harmon party: #5 Standing: Ian Richmond (Canada), Derek Roff (New Mexico). Seated: Cleo Fort (Arizona), Ber- nice Garrett (Manhattan Beach, CA), Angela Harlow (San Pablo, CA). #6 Standing: Peg Barkley (San Francisco), Hal Dreyer (El Cerrito, CA). Seated: Dan Mason (Berkeley, CA), Mary Catherine Sears (Palo Alto, CA). #7 Daniel Burke and Barbara Currie (Walnut Creek, CA). #8 Mr. & Mrs. Akimichi Takemura (Tokyo) with Martha Walker (Napa, CA) and Marion Bigelow (Fresno, CA). #9 A visit to the ELNA BOOK SERVICE provides an opportunity to examine and buy hundreds of titles. MMBMH LANGUAGE IN THE NEWS THE PUZZLE, a syndicated column by Don Rubin, has appeared all over the country during the past year judging by the number of copies of a puzzle using 40 Esperanto words that was sent in by ELNA members. The puzzle appeared in the June TWA Ambassador, San Diego Reader, and others, as reported by Ellie Stein and Bob Holland. Finally we have come up with a winner of the "Puzzle T-shirt" - Vincent Bono, who solved the puzzle in the Staten Island, NY Advance. In publishing the answers, an extensive article on Esperanto was included entitled "Pardon our language, folks, but some are all malseka." ESPERANTISTS: Stumping for an international language, the Albany, CA Times-journal on August 6 carried an interview with Central Office Director Donald Harlow. Don testified to the value Esperanto held for him in attending international conferences, how it enhanced all his contacts with local Esperan- tists during his Air Force years in England. Harlow thinks Esperanto is particularly important for Americans since "...the United States is isolated by oceans and by attitude. We [tend to] recognize the rest of the world when it thrusts itself on us." LANGUAGE BARRIER CITED IN 2 DEATHS - Boston Globe, July 21. A minor traffic infraction escalated in- to the death of 20-year-old Puerto Rican Luis Cintron and 37-year-old Arthur Cashin, a policeman. Accor- ding to the Chelsea, MA police chief, the Cintron fami- ly was distraught because a 9-year-old family member was missing. The family was driving around looking for him when they drove in the wrong direction on a one-way street. They were not communicating, tempers flared, push came to shove, and a minor mat- ter became a tragedy for two families. ESPERANTO ALIVE AND TALKING Chicago Sun- Times, June 29. Interviewed at some length by Jane Wolfe, ELNA member Kent Jones was quoted as say- ing "We're experiencing a substantial growth in in- terest and are hoping this will lead to a dramatic revitalization of all foreign languages." ETHNIC ASSOCIATION OF MID-OHIO Newsletter, Spring 1980, featured a lengthy article by John B. Massey, ELNA Estrarano, entitled "Land of Unity in Diversity" in which he described his visit to Switzerland last summer for the Esperanto conven- tion in Lucerne with his wife Yvette. Massey discussed Dr. Arthur Baur's book La Svisa Fenomeno which describes Switzerland's unique handling of its four language groups with a minimum of friction. The Newsletter did a profile on Massey, who is Chairman for Education and Multi-Language for EAMO. NEWSWEEK, July 21, carried letters by Dr. Julius Man- son (NYC) and Dr. Humphrey Tonkin (Philadelphia) responding to News week's June 16 update on Esperan- to. According to Peggy Clausen of Newsweek, the im- petus for writing the story came from China. A Newsweek reporter visiting that country was surprised by the size and vigor of the Chinese Esperanto move- ment and returned with a copy of the review El Popola Ĉinio. NOTE: As a result of the Newsweek article, Kevin Boyle of Iowa Public Radio interviewed Hum- phrey Tonkin for 10 minutes for a news program "This Morning" which is broadcast weekdays 10-12 A.M. on WOI (Iowa State University) and WSUI (University of Iowa) radio. U N NOTES, New York Times, May 6. "There are those who wonder how often the real world intrudes on the 5,000 international civil servants who work in an enclave on the ...East River...United Nations' people can play as well as work in their own closed universe. There are clubs for artists, flamenco dancers, skiers, film addicts, devotees of Esperanto...and more." The Columbian, Vancouver WA, April 29 cited a con- clusion of the President's Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies that the dearth of foreign language study in this country is "nothing short of scandalous". An article by Wendy Reif states: "Counselors could entice students into foreign language classes by stressing in career education the number of jobs that are international in scope in this state" according to Anita Fisher, Vancouver School Board president. International trade involves one out of every four manufacturing jobs in America and one out of every three acres of farmland, according to the commission's report. About 6,000 American com- panies have overseas operations and 20,000 com- panies export products or services to foreign markets. George Pachkovsky, a Shumway Junior High School teacher, concludes: "Today, in the world in which we live - a multicultural world with fast communication -it is important for Americans to recognize the ex- istence of other people." WASHINGTON, D.C. Star, June 8. "Esperanto: A Neutral Language" by Margo Hammond, who really did her homework. In a full-page article she quoted such prominent Esperantists as Washington economist Thomas Goldman, psychiatrist Dr. E. J. Lieberman, Dr. Bruce A. Sherwood (Univ. of Illinois), and John Dale, editor of a Baha'i newspaper. WORLD ADMINISTRATIVE RADIO CONFERENCE, Geneva, 1980 - David E. Honig (Lessons for the 1999 WARC, journal of Communica- tion, 30-2, Spring 1980) In the U.S. delegation only four delegates were black (two of whom could not arrive until near the end of the conference), none was Hispanic, and very few spoke Spanish or had extensive knowledge of Latin American needs.' ...there was little participation by economists, minority and consumer groups, and social scientists...At WARC, complaints that Third World positions with which the U.S. disagreed were "il- logical" or "not well prepared" were occasionally heard... 'Spanish is one of the three official ITU languages (English and French are the others). Twenty Western hemisphere nations at WARC were Spanish-speaking. The absence of Spanish-speaking delegates almost caused the U.S. a problem in the subgroup chaired by Cuba, considering AM band expansion in the Western hemisphere. Initially, there were no translators available, and only the U.S. and Canada lacked Spanish-speaking delegates. The U.S. team was unable to caucus informally with other nations' delegates between meetings, except in English. (report submitted by Dr. Richard E. Wood, Editor, Language Problems and Language Planning) RAPORTO PRI LA ELNA-KONGRESO 1980 Vancouver, B.C. La unuan kunvenon de la 28a Kongreso de ELNA malfer- mis Prezidanto William R. Harmon je la dua horo ptm, dimanĉon la 27a de julio 1980 en Vankuvero, BC. Post momento de silento memore al niaj forpasintoj, sekvis mallonga parolado de s-ro Gunther Becker pri la revuo Monato kaj pri la eldona agado en Sarlando. Post nomado de la balota kaj rezolucia komitatoj, oni diskutis la raportojn de la komisiitoj kaj komitatoj de ELNA. Ciu estis akceptita, ĝenerale sen kontraŭo. Menciindas la jenaj punktoj; □ Novaĵletero (raporto de la redaktoro): Oni devas aĉeti ekstrajn ekzemplerojn por kursoj, bibliotekoj, ktp. Oni tiucele turnu sin al la Centra Oficejo. DSciencaj kaj Teknikaj aferoj: Mankas multe da intereso kaj kunlaboro inter la Usonaj Esperantistoj, lau la komitatestro R. Kent Jones. Oni devas pli agi en ĉi tiu grava kampo. (Ekster la kadro de la kongreso okazis du neformalaj kunvenoj pri la problemo de sciencaj kaj fakaj terminaroj kaj artikoloj, sub la lerta estrado de s-ro Ken Thomson de ELNA. Sendube li verkos ion pri la afero por posta numero de NL) Meze de la traktado de raportoj okazis interperiodo, dum kiu salutis nin nome de la Cina Esperanto-Ligo s-ano Xue, Prezidanto de la Societo en Hubei-provinco. Dum la kongreso okazis multaj intersaj kaj fruktodonaj diskutoj kun [a tri membroj de laĵina delegacio, la aliaj du estante s-anoj Ju Mingji kaj Vang Sifong. Oficiale salutis la kongreson reprezentantoj de la jenaj lokaj grupoj: Bostono (Bostona Esperanto-klubo/Murphy), Montaj Statoj (Intermontara Grupo/Stone), Portlando (ESPO/Deer), Chicago (Ĉikaga Esperanto-Societo/Bixby), Ohio (Centra Ohio/Massey), Walla Walla (Estling), San Fran- cisco (SFERO/Warnken), Novjorko (Novjorka Esperanto- Societo/Orr), Los Anĝeleso(EALA/Garrett), Sacramento (Din- nel), Florido (Florida Esperanto-Societo/Swett), kaj la UEA Laborgrupo ĉe UNO (Manson). La dua kunveno komenciĝis iomete post la dua horo lun- don la 28an julio. S-ro Harlow de la balota komitato anoncis la rezultojn de la voĉdonado: Benn Clouser (Sekretario); Julius Manson, John Massey, kaj Campbell Nelson (Estraranoj). S-ro Harlow ankaŭ menciis la fakton, ke li ricevis nur 80 balotilojn, kaj proponis, ke oni pli atentu la elektojn en postaj jaroj. S-ro Ĵu Mingyi de la Ĉina Esperanto-Ligo perletere pro- ponis, ke ELNA subtenu kandidatigon de Cina Esperantista verkisto Ba Jin por la Honora Patrona Komitato de UEA. Oni decidis verki apogleteron al UEA pri la afero, kaj tiun decidon poste ratifis kuna kunveno de la Usona kaj Kanada asocioj. Sekvis proponoj de Florido kaj de Novjorko pri okazloko de la venontjara kongreso. La Florida delegacio, pere de s-ro Mark Weddell, tre lerte prezentis la avantaĝojn de Florido en bone antaŭpreparita prelego; sed ekzistis principal kaŭzoj (nome, por montri subtenon al la UEA-oficejo en Novjorko) okazigi la kongreson en la metropolo venontjare. (La Estraro de ELNA kunsidis poste, kaj faris eksterordinaran decidon programante la kongresojn de 1981 kaj de 1982, por Nov- jorko kaj St.Petersburg, Florido, respektive.) La rezolucia komitato raportis pri tri rezolucioj Tamen pro diversaj kaŭzoj unu ne estis akceptita, unu estis retirita de la verkinto, kaj unu estis transdonita al la Estraro por posta traktado. S-ro Harmon nomis la diversajn komisiit- ojn/komitatestrojn por la venonta jaro Mi restis ĝenerale samaj kun la jenaj esceptoj: DS-ro Manson nun kunlaboras kun S-ro Starr pri UNO- aferoj. DS-ino Garrett fariĝas komisiito pri aferoj olimpikaj (temas pri la Ludoj en Los Anĝeleso en 1984). □ La komitatestro de la Informa Komitato restas provizore n e n o m i t a . □ S-ro Massey fariĝas komisiito pri testamentaj aferoj. La tria kunveno komenciĝis je la dua horo ptm mardon la 29an julio. S-ro Harmon anoncis la du ĉefajn decidojn de la Estraro el ĝia aparta kunsido, jene: □ Pro inflacio, aparte je poŝto, devos okazi malgranda kotizaltigo por 1981. Individua membreco kostos $20; emeritula membreco kostos $12.50; kaj junula/studenta membreco kostos $10. Okazos respondaj altigoj en la familia kaj dumviva membrokotizoj; sed tiu lasta ne okazos ĝis la 1a de januaro. □ Kongresoj okazos en Novjorko en 1981 (sub egido de la Novjorka Societo kaj la UNO-Laborgrupo), kaj en Florido en 1982, kiel raportite supre. S-ro Harmon ankaŭ nomis kandidatigan komitaton por la venonta jaro. Membroj estas: Margaret Barkley (estro), William Glenny, Sara Ann Estling, John Lewine, kaj Bruce Sherwood. Se vi havas sugestojn pri kandidatoj, komuniku il- in al iu komitatano, prefere al la komitatestro, aŭ senpere aŭ per la Centra Oficejo. Okazis kroma speciala kunsido de la Usona kaj Kanada asocioj kune. Tie oni decidis subteni la kandidatecon de Ba Jin por la Honora Patrona Komitato de UEA; ankaŭ oni prin- cipe decidis kunlabori je nordamerika literatura revuo post apero de la ELNA Literatura Suplemento. NOVA ESTRARO DE E.L.N.A. Prezidanto: Vic-prezidanto: Sekretario: Kasisto: Estraranoj: William R. Harmon (1981) Ken Thomson (1981) Benn E. Clouser (1983) William H. Schulze (1982) Thomas H. Goodman (1981) Mary Hammersmith (1981) Robert A. Swenson (1981) Cornelius ). McKown (19821 Dr. Douglas B. Swett (1982) Janet Brugos Young (1982) Dr. Julius J. Manson (1983) John B. Massey (1983) W. Campbell Nelson (1983) WELCOME, NEW ELNA MEMBERS! Anderson, Florence J. 'Batista Alvarez, Jorge Andres Behrman, George Bono, Vincent "Bowman, Anthony J. Broedel, Bob Bullington, Archie Callahan, Robert F. Campbell, Romeo Cates, Mary Cecil, Linda A. *Ciskowski, Karen Cook, John A. Couch, Robert N. 'Currie, Barbara De Graffenreid, Albert L. Dodge, S. Webster Craves, John B. Griffith, Donna R. Helfgot, Salomon D. Hoskins, Helen S. 'Jatho, Donald W. Jr. Jensen, Mark Johnson, John Thomas Johnson, Ronald W. Kelvie, Thomas J. Kowack, Glenn "Kretzchmar, MaryAnn Largman, Roselynd Liebman, Mrs. Ruth E. Martin, Gail *Mellen, Robert Nelson, Fannie Hall Phillips, John& Emily 'Puis, Louie F Schaffer, John Schatzman, Philip A. Schwartz, Alexander Scott, Tania Shader, Alice Sherwood, Karl L. 'Showers, Carole Syozi, Nobuyuki Tramposch, Robin & Albert Umeda, Yosimi 'Volny, Chris Wright, Michael Zwickel, Jean BurlingameCA CalexicoCA New York NY Staten Island NY Albuquerque NM Tallahassee FL ScottsvilleKY Carlsbad CA Ste-Foy, Quebec, Canada San Diego CA Kissimmee FL Edwardsville IL San Francisco CA Palmer AK Walnut Creek CA Glen Head NY Westerly Rl New York NY Neward OH New York NY Jacksonville FL Austin TX Kennewick WA St. Petersburg FL Philadelphia PA Hillsborough CA Urbana IL Midwest City OK Orinda CA Fort Myers FL Sterling VA Plymouth MN Winnetka IL Santa Maria CA Boulder CO Los Angeles CA Whitefish Bay Wl Bronx NY San Mateo CA Washington DC AmarilloTX Alton IL Tokyo JAPAN Albion WA Tokyo JAPAN Buffalo Grove IL Toledo OH Pittsburg CA * - youth or student member. NOTE: List complete to July 23, 1980, at which time ELNA had received 131 new members, of whom 33 are youth/stu- dent members, for the year 1980 LOCAL CLUBS EXCHANGING NEWSLETTERS (compiled by Mark Weddell, Florida) BOSTON: Esperanto Club News Reporter, Ralph Mur- phy, 231 Ashmont St., Dorchester MA 02124 CHICAGO: Esperanto Society, Pres., Janet Bixby. PO Box 11958, Chicago IL 60611 FLORIDA: Esperanto Society of Florida, Mark Wed- dell, Editor, Sunbrila Gazeto, PO Box 1042, Indian Rocks Beach FL 33535 LOS ANGELES: Esperanto Association, Pres. Camp- bell Nelson, 214 E. 6th St., Ontario CA 91764 OHIO: Esperanto Association of Central Ohio, John B. Massey, Pres., 1144 Kingsdale Terr., Columbus OH 43220 PORTLAND: Portland Esperanto Society, Dorothy Jones, Pres., PO Box 786, Portland OR 97207 SACRAMENTO: Julie Dinnel, Editor, Eta Glano, 2450 -28th Ave., Sacramento CA 95822 SAN DIEGO: Esperanto Club of San Diego, Robert Holland, Pres., 8687-34 Via Mallorca, La Jolla CA 92037 SAN FRANCISCO: SFERO, c/o ELNA, PO Box 1129, El Cerrito CA 94530 SEATTLE: Seattle Esperanto Society, Leland Bryant Ross, 9202 Ashworth Ave. No., Seattle WA 98103 WASHINGTON, DC: Washington Esperanto Society, Affonso Corea, 1111 Army-Navy Dr. C-903, Arlington VA 22202 U.N.: UN Working Croup, Betty Manson, 14 Stuyve- sant Oval, New York NY 10009 INTERMOUNTAIN ESPERANTO GROUP (Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming): Cleo Fort, Sec, 9549 Glen Oaks Circle N., Sun City AZ 85351 NOTE TO LOCAL AND REGIONAL CLUBS AND GROUPS: Become part of the network! Notify Mark Weddell, PO Box 1042, Indian Rocks Beach, FL 33535, of the existence of your group and the name of its regular newsletter or publication. If the contact name changes, each group should immediately notify Mr. Weddell. DISNEY - La Eternulo Andrew Zarchy, a young Esperantist who works at Disneyworld in Orlando, Florida, corresponds with Chang nai-tsun, a teacher who lives in Inner Mongolia. Chang expressed his admiration for Disney and was sent a handsome Disney book. With his letter of thanks Mr. Chang sent a personal letter to Walt Disney with a request that Zarchy forward it. Zarchy gave the letter to the Public Relations office of Disneyworld. Back came a letter from Card Walker, President of Disney, saying he was sending the letter on to the Disney family for their archives. Add Frank Lloyd Wright to those who wanted to change the name of the United States. His proposal -USONA for United States of North America. (from Boyd's GRAB BAG, San Francisco Chronicle) VOLAS KORESPONDI First, a cautionary note about Esperanto cor- respondence. Dr. Carl Stjbp-Bowitz, VP, UEA, in the April 1980 Review Esperanto writes about "Sovaĝaj Korespondpetoj" in which he appeals to beginners and teachers of beginners about basic common sense and etiquette with regard to correspondence. He cau- tions novices as follows: Do not write to UEA Delegitoj, national associations, publishing houses, or officers of such groups re- questing penpals. Abuses of this sort have induced some people to cease serving as delegitoj and re- quired the printing of form letters of refusal. When writing to a UEA Delegito about a bona fide matter, include two international reply coupons (available at your postoffice) and affix a UEA membership sticker proving that you are entitled to the services of the Delegito. ELNA NEWSLETTER regularly lists people who desire to correspond ("Volas Korespondi") as do other Esperanto periodicals. Further assistance is available by sending two IRCs to: Koresponda Servo- Mondskala, F-ino C. Hueter, 12 rue des Jacobins, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France. BULGARIO: Rumjana D. Raoleva, "Haĝe Dimitar" No. 6, 9150 Beloslav, Varnenski Sonja kaj Leonid Senj, K.V. "Pishmana" Bl. 79, VH("b") ap 17, Veliko Tarnovo ESTONIO: 25 korespondemuloj. Kontaktu: MIKK Ants, Viljandi ind. 202900, Kauge t. 30-35, Esthonia, USSR HUNGARIO: Kozma Terez, H-8468 Kolontar, Tancsics ut. 41 (in- struisto de studantoj 9-13 jaraj) F-ino Maria Kovendi (fotografisto), Nyiregyhaza, str. KQkscy u. 3 1/6, 4400 Hungary S-ino Eszter Kolozri (infanĝardena instruisto), Nyiregyhaza, str. Kridy, 40/c, 2/6 4400 Hungary POLLANDO: Marak Olcryk, Pila 64-920, tereruska 515, Poland (15-jara studanto) Irena Kozjowska (17-jara), 19-500 GoJdap, ul. Pionier- ska 3m10, Poland USONO: Robert W. Allen, PO Box 98, Northfield Falls VT 05664 (32-jara, pri muziko, scienco, artoj, origamio, edukado, pianludo) SOVJETUNIO: Esperantista Klubo (Vladimir V. Ĉarin) Poŝtkesto 933, KIEV 87 Ukraine, USSR VJETNAMIO: Bui VanMinh Hoang (22j)162/2E Bŭi Thi Xuan, F13QI T.P. HoChiMinh Vietnam Truong Van Dzui (34j) 539/TK2/20 Traft hung Dao, Q I T.P. HoChiMinh Vietnam Bŭi Van Minh Thŭong (20j) 162/2 E. Bui Thi Xuan, F13 Q I T.P. HoChiMinh, Vietnam ESPERANTO LEAGUE FOR NORTH AMERICA - BOX 1129, EL CERRITO, CA 94530 Enclosed is $______for Dnew Drenewal membership in ELNA for the year 1981. Enclosed is $______as my tax-deductible donation to ELNA. NAME ADDRESS Name and address of each new member published in ELNA Newsletter and next edition of the ELNA Adresaro unless member indicates otherwise. CITY, STATE, ZIP Check correct category: DReguiar ($20) DFamily ($30) DYouth (18 or under) ($10) DStudent (full-time, 25 or under) ($10) DSenior (65 or over) ($12.00) DLife ($400)* (NOTE: If joining after July 1st, for remainder of year plus full following year send 1 Vi times yearly dues shown) DATE OF BIRTH (If applying for Youth, Student, or Senior Membership)-----------------------------------------------------_---------- Telephone Number: Area Code [ ]_ Radio Call Sign May we publish your telephone number in the ELNA Adresaro?. May we publish your address?.. *-Life membership paid prior to Ian. 1, 1981, remains $360! Dr. Claude Piron, University of Geneva (second from upper right) was keynote speaker at a seminar on com- munications at Strasbourg in June. Dr. Piron will teach the Esperanto courses at San Francisco State Universi- ty in Summer 1981. NOTE: Generous support by the European Council, a cultural and social union of 21 West European na- tions, made it possible for 30 selected youth leaders to meet, all expenses paid, for one week at the Euro- pean Youth Center where the most modern facilities were placed at their disposal. INTERNACIA KOMUNIKADO - APLIKADO DE ESPERANTO estis la temo de seminaro en Strasbourg en junio, kie D-ro Claude Piron estis la ĉefpreleganto. Junuloj venis el Aŭstrio, Belgio, Francio, F.R.Cer- manio, Hispanio, Israelo, Italio, Jugoslavio, Kanado, Luksemburgo, Nederlando, Pollando, kaj Svislando Vigla diskutado sekvis la enkondukan prelegon de D-ro Piron, "La rezisto kontraŭ Esperanto" kaj Man duan prelegon en kio li konkretigis la strategiojn por trarompi la reziston. Sekvin lin A. Butler (Britio) kaj Claude Gacond (Svislando). Vespere oni vidigis televidajn filmojn - du varbajn kaj unu pri la Eŭropa Parlamento. Sekvis prelegoj de B. Kasini "La rolo de Landaj Sekcioj" kaj S. MacCill "Nia ago - konstatoj kaj rekomendoj". En la lastaj du tagoj R. Corsetti skizis la eksterajn rilatojn de TEJO ekde 1959. Diskutoj cen- triĝis je metodoj por rilati al kelkaj ŝlosilaj ne- Esperantistaj junularaj organizoj. En konkluda sesio ĉiu partoprenanto skribe kaj diskute taksis la sema- jnon. Ni atendas kun intereso la sekvojn de tiu grava seminaro. PERSONAL DIPLOMACY as practiced by Seaman Bil- ly Waldon of the Cherokee Tribe, Oklahoma. His ship, the aircraft carrier Midway, and the international language are ideal for making friends. Wherever they dock Bill looks up the local Esperantists. Here he is shown at shipside in Japan and with students in Korea. Join the Esperantists, and Talk to the World! Esperanto League for North America P.O. Box 11» F.I Cerrrto, CA