AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO
AMERICAN
ESPERANTO
MAGAZINE
Esperanto in Brazil
Doris Connor
World Language — /
Mario A. Pei
Portugala Ekskurso
Samideaneco
Jam Antaŭ 71  Jaroj
A. Dombrovski
Ja Kion Ni Manĝu ?
Amuza Studo
NOV-DEC
1964
AMERICAN  ESPERANTO MAGAZINE
ESPERANTO   ASSOCIATION   OE   NORTH  AMERICA,  Inc.
18 37 N. E.   49th Ave.,  Portland 13,  Oregon
Central Office: Doris T.Connor, George Alan Connor (see address above)
Esperanto Book Service, Williamsburg P.O. Box 315, Brooklyn 11, N. Y.
Sustaining Board: Ralph H. Beard, Anonymous, Chas. C. Cummingsmith,
Edwin R, Fleming, Dr. Lee-Min Han, Austin Herschel, Allan Hutcheon,
J.Archie Johnson, Jr., Juan Jova, Paul J. Kovar, Charles A.Lyon, Bertha
E. Mullin, Bertha F. Sloan, Harold S. Sloan, Virgil Whanger.
ME ARE HAPPY TO SAY: "HERE IT IS!"
Our "cow's tail" announcement in the tardy Sep-Oct 1964 AE, men-
tioned how, after a troubled summer, we were at work "catching up" with
the Nov-Dec issue. We are happy to say: "Here it is!" — and more or less
on time, dependent on what our printer does with our material from here
on in. This feat was not accomplished without neglecting just everything
else, both night and day. We have even had to disregard the TV programs,
forgoing "pastime under the Lyndon Tree" and "repose by the Golden
Waters"!   This  indeed, you must agree, was a great sacrifice!
However, we are happy that you have this Nov-Dec AE early, and we
are glad that we have enlarged this issue to 24 pages, — filled with ar-
ticles in both English and Esperanto, which we trust you will find of
interest, and useful in your Esperanto promotion. With this number, we
are beginning an original article on "The World Language Problem" by
Prof. Mario A. Pei, which will be printed in three consecutive issues.
As Esperantists you will be especially interested in the final install-
ment on "Constructed Interlanguages". All who renew NOW will of course
receive that issue. And, along with a variety of Esperanto articles, we
believe you will enjoy the delightful account in English of Doris T. Con-
nor's visit and observations of "Esperanto in Brazil."
By an increase in new members and your prompt renewals — and con-
tributions  from those  who  can  afford to raise their ante  — we  hope to
print other 24-page issues when our finances permit. Your dedication to
unified endeavors for Esperanto in EANA — the only unification possible
for our  American  Esperanto  movement — will  assure a larger and better
magazine and movement in North America. We understand that our Marx-
ist orientated competitors are not doing so well at the moment. EANA is
doing very well, thank you!  As  we stated in the Sep-Oct issue of AE,
"it looks like a good season ahead for EANA." In gratitude for so many
dedicated friends and members, let us wish you bondezirojn for the com-
ing holidays, and   "Gojan Kristnaskon kaj Pelican Novan Jaron."
Bildo  sur la  kovrilo:   Kokosarboj  kiuj   kreskas   ĉe   la  nordorientaj
marbordoj de la bela lando Jdrazilo.
Subscription $5, Single copy 50<f, Library sub. $2.50.
Jarabono eksterlande por kalendara jaro: $2.50 aŭ egalvaloro.
Gratis to Members of the EANA.
Regular Membership in EANA - $5.00 per year.   Patron - $10.00.
Elementary or U.S. Students under 18 years - $4.00 per year.
Sustaining Board - $3.00 or more per month.
AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO
Vol. 76
NOVEMBER-DECEMBER 1964
Nos. 11-12
ESPERANTO IN BRAZIL
Doris Tappan Connor
This account was written many years ago, when we visited Brazil to
teach Esperanto to government employees. ]Ve feel that it merits read-
ing even now, although written in the present tense, to illustrate the
remarable progress of Esperanto in Brazil at that time.
It was just at twilight that we
sailed into the harbor of Rio de
Janeiro. The circle of lights
along the water-front gleamed
and sparkled like a necklace of
diamonds. The dim shapes of the
surrounding mountains "Pao de
Acucar" (Sugar Loaf) and "Cor-
eovado" (The Hunchback) loom-
ed darkly against the grey sky.
High above the "Corcovado"
shone the great lighted cross of
"Christ the Redeemer". This was,
indeed, the most beautiful har-
bor in the world!
But we had come to Brazil not
only to admire its natural beauty.
We had come to visit with the
Brazilian Esperantists. By the
time the ship docked it was
nightfall, and the rain poured
down in a steady stream! Could
we expea the Rio Esperantists out
in this deluge? I hovered excit-
edly in the lounge of the ship, a
large green star pinned promin-
ently to my jacket.
Suddenly, I noticed a medium-
sized, animated, dark - haired
gentleman enter by a side door.
His eyes, too, seemed to be
searching—hot  looking  at  faces
exaaly, but peering at lapels and
jackets. Then I saw it! He also,
wore a green star! "This", I
thought, "is Ismael - Gomes Bra-
ga", and I started toward him.
At the same time he noticed my
star, and the next moment we
were shaking hands. "Ĉu vi estas
samideano Braga?" "Jes, jes,
fraŭlino, bonvenon al Brazilo."
Senhor Braga had come by police
boat to meet us even before we
reached the shores of his country.
The rain poured down inter-
mittently, but when we stepped
off the boat, a group of Esper-
antists were there to welcome us.
We started immediately to chat-
ter in Esperanto—with complete
and easy understanding. There
were greetings and introduaions,
photographs and light-hearted
banter. I was laughingly told to
be sure to step onto land with my
right foot first—that would bring
me good-luck in Brazil. At last,
when we bid farewell for the
night, I was introduced to that
delightful Brazilian gesture of
meeting and farewell: an arm
around the shoulder (almost a
hug,  I  must  admit)   and  three
67
pats on the back.
The days in Brazil were full
and interesting. We visited with
the Esperantists in their clubs- and
in their homes. Throughout it all
we discussed general Esperanto
questions and learned first hand
about the extent of the Esper-
anto movement in Brazil. That
was many years ago—in the de-
lightful summer of 1941—-and
the Esperanto movement in Bra-
zil steadily progresses.
There are Esperanto clubs,
classes, Delegates of the Interna-
tional Esperanto League, and
other Esperanto aaivities in all
but three of the twenty Brazilian
states, and , of course, there are
many clubs in the Federal Dis-
trict, which includes Rio de
Janeiro. Eighteen new Esperanto
societies were founded in the year
1941 alone! Twelve state and lo-
cal associations, probably the
most aaive ones, are now af-
filiated with the Brazilian Esper-
anto League.
The Brazilian Esperanto move-
ment, seeing the war coming, im-
ported considerable stocks of Es-
peranto books from Europe and
started a large scale publishing
program of its own. During the
years since then, Brazil has print-
ed thousands of Esperanto books.
Senhor Braga is largely respons-
ible for this, and according to his
report, their books are on sale
in all the book-stores of the coun-
try, and are sent free of charge
to all public libraries.
The magazine O Brasil Esper-
antista and Bernambuco Esper-
antista appear regularly, in Es-
peranto and Portuguese. The In-
stitute of Geography and Statis-
tics, a department of the Govern-
ment of Brazil, has declared Es-
peranto to be its official auxiliary
language. It has published in Es-
peranto a resume pf the statistics
of Brazil, a beautifully printed
booklet of the City of Salvador
and considerable other literature.
Its official organ, the Revista
Brasileira de Geografia prints
summaries of its main articles in
Esperanto. The magazine of the
Geographical Society of Rio de
Janeiro does the same. Esperanto
is taught as a compulsory subject
in a course for the employees of
the Statistical Service of the Bra-
zilian States. Many of the students
in my Cseh-Method Esperanto
course in Brazil were employees
of the Institute. They represented
every state in Brazil, from the
territory of Acre, far in the in-
terior—from the State of Manaus
on the upper Amazon—to the
State of Santa Catarina, far to the
south. Dr. Mario Teixeira de Frei-
tas, General Secretary of the Bra-
zilian Institute of Geography and
Statistics, is also President of the
Panamerican Institute of Statis-
tics, and has published several
excellent articles on Esperanto in
its official bulletin.
Under the Protectorate of the
President of the United States of
Brazil, Getulio Vargas, and with
the aaive support of various gov-
ernmental and private organiza-
68
tions, the Brazilian Esperantists
are now planning the Tenth
Brazilian Esperanto Congress, to
be held in Rio de Janeiro in
April 1945. The Minister of
Foreign Affairs and the Minister
of Education are among the mem-
bers of the Honorary Committee.
So is the Polish Minister to Bra-
zil, because Warsaw was Esper-
anto's birthplace. The active
Organizing Committee is headed
by Ambassador Jose Carlos de
Macedo Soares, President of the
Brazilian Institute of Geography
and Statistics. Senhora Ana Am-
elia de Queiroz Carneiro de Men-
donCa, President of the Brazilian
Student House, and Professor
Lourenco Filho, Director of the
National Institute of Pedagogical
Studies, are Vice-Presidents.
The sympathy of the Brazilian
Government is by no means
purely platonic. In 1943, about
half the income of the Brazilian
Esperanto League was supplied
by a subsidy from the Govern-
ment, listed in the budget of
Public Education.
The example of the Brazilian
Federal authorities has been fol-
lowed by a number of state gov-
ernments and city administrations.
The official journal of the State
of Santa Catarina reprints articles
from 0 Brasil Esperantista. The
State Academy of Literature, in
Espirito Santo, has decided to set
up an Esperanto Center for the
State, under the direction of its
member, Jose Paulino Alves. The
City Council of  Larangeiras,   in
the State of Parahyba named its
public library after Dr. Zamen-
hof, author of Esperanto.
Among the private organiza-
tions which have adopted resolu-
tions in favor of Esperanto are
the following: The Ninth Bra-
zilian Congress of Geography,
the Second Congress of Literary
Academies, the Second Confer-
ence of Catholic Journalists and
the Second Brazilian Meeting of
Engineers. Three radio stations in
Rio de Janeiro, two in Sao Paulo,
and one in Pernambuco have
regular Esperanto broadcasts, one
of them daily. All important
newspapers publish articles and
news items dealing with the Es-
peranto movement in Brazil and
in the world.
The 1944 Year Book of the
International Esperanto League
lists a good many "specialized De-
legates" on its Brazilian pages.
Here are some of the fields in
which Brazilian experts are ready
to give information and assistance
to fellow Esperantists throughout
the world: Commerce, Industry,
Banking, Railroads, Education,
Physical Education, Womens'
Organizations, Statistics, Music,
Chess, Medical Questions, Den-
tistry, Police, Literature, Printing,
Catholic Church, Spiritualism,
Scouting, Philately and Co-opera-
tives.
The Brazilian Post Office Ad-
ministration has issued stamps
and postcards with Esperanto
text. In this war, correspondence
in   foreign   languages   has   been
69
severely restricted by censorship
regulations. Only very few lang-
uages are permitted. Esperanto is
one of them. An Esperanto Cen-
sor has been appointed in Rio
de Janeiro, and since our own
US Office of Censorship Las an
official censor, the "free flow of
Esperanto news" between our two
countries should help to establish
a firm foundation for a better
knowledge of our Brazilian neigh-
bors.
The Local Congress Committee
of the Tenth Brazilian Congress
includes many names of Esper,-
antists, whom it was our pleasure
to meet while we were in Brazil.
The name of a Secretary, Maria
Malheiro, brings to mind one of
our loveliest days in that fair
land. We were invited, one Sun-
day afternoon, to be guests of the
Malheiro family at their beautiful
fazenda, some distance from Rio.
While I hung on for dear life to
the grip-straps in the rear seat of
the auto that whisked and rolled
and bounced us on our way, Ma-
ria pointed out the banana trees
on the mountain side, the "Cotton
Tree" from which kapok is made,
and the groves of Mamao (Pa-
paya) and Mango trees. We had
barely reached the fazenda when
Dr. Malheiro, our host, invited
us out to taste the variety of
oranges on the plantation. As our
entree to a picnic dinner, we ate
only about ten different, delici-
ous, sweet-as-honey oranges!
There were rides on Brazilian
ponies and many other delights.
Later, as twilight descended
over the valley, we walked in the
pasture land, and Maria spoke
wistfully, pensively of her coun-
try and her people. "This is the.
time of day we Brazilians call
'the time of saudades.' It pro-
vokes a feeling of sad longing
and nostalgia. That is what 'sau-
dades' .means in Brazilian." The
purple mist, the dark green of the
orange groves on the hill top,
the cluck-cluck of restless chic-
kens settling on their roosts also
brought 'saudades' to me.
And now... Oh... I have sau-
dades for Brazil!
The Structure of Esperanto
Dr. Porto Carreiro Neto, Director
of the National School of Chemistry
in Rio de Janeiro, has written a de-
lightful smdy, in Portuguese, on the
structure of Esperanto ("A Estrutura
do Esperanto"),first published by the
Liga Esperarkista Brasileira in book-
let form. He points out that Esper-
anto is not an "artificial" language
{he says Basic English is) nor a
"mixture" of linguistic elements, but
a living language capable of express-
ing all shades of thought. Being a
chemist, Dr. Carreiro Neto com-
pares Esperanto with a chemical com-
pound the elements of which have
all contributed certain particular
qualities. The author insists on clarity
as one of die essential character-
istics of the Esperanto style: "There
is a saying, 'If it is clear, it is Esper-
anto'; turned the other way around,
this saying becomes an imperative, 'If
it is Esperanto, it has to be clear'..."
70
THE   WORLD   LANGUAGE   PROBLEM
NATIONAL VS. INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGES
Mario A. Pei, Ph. D.
This is Part I o/ an original article by Dr. Mario A. Pei, Professor of
Romance Languages in Columbia University and famed writer on lan-
guages of the world. It is from bis speech presented to the Esperanto In-
terlanguage Association (EANA) in New York City some years ago. We
will print it in three consecutive issues of AE — 1. "Basic vs. fieal Eng-
lish", 2. "National Languages", 3."Constructed Languages & Esperanto".
The language problem presents a very vital issue. It is not a new is-
sue. People get together, representatives of many lands and many coun-
tries, and they have to communicate with one another. What means of com-
munication are they going to use? It is trite to say to all of them: "Now,
learn one another's languages!" Yes, but how learn one another's lan-
guages, when there are in the world over 3,000 languages and dialects.
"Well," you might say, "some are more important, and some less important."
Suppose you take some of the more important, the ones that have fifty mil-
lion or more speakers. You reach a rather impressive total. You come up
to a total of about fifteen languages.
Learning fifteen languages is a rather difficult task, take it from-one
who knows. It can be done, but not too perfectly, by one who has the in-
clination and by one who has the time. Unfortunately, that is the drawback.
The people who are in charge of the international meetings, the people
who have to transact the world's business, are not as a rule the people
who have either the inclination or the time to learn languages. The result
is they have to depend upon interpreters and translators, which is at best
an unsatisfactory way of doing business. It was Mr. Churchill who said,
after the Casablanca meeting, that it was very advantageous that the Amer-
ican and the British military men and political men were able to get to-
gether with one common language. That expedited things, it eliminated
possible misunderstandings, it lead to prompt action, which were all very
well for the representatives of Great Britain and the United States. How-
ever, the organization of the world calls for more than that. There are other
nations involved. This is not an English speaking world, pure and simple.
There are other countries, and there are other languages. If we have diffi-
culty, if our political men have difficulty, in learning the languages of
other countries, it may be safely assumed that the political representa-
tives of the other countries will encounter the same difficulty learning
ours, and the result is that the work of world organization is delayed. Very
harmfully delayed.
Basic English Rejected by Minor Nations
There was a news item that appeared some years ago. The American
press, I noticed, did not give it very much space, and the item was rele-
gated to page 32, if I mistake not. It was to the effect that the representa-
tives of the minor United Nations had unanimously decided to reject Basic
English as an international language. Well, perhaps that was a blow to our
national pride. Perhaps it was a blow that was well deserved. Basic Eng-
lish has drawbacks not merely from the standpoint of foreign speakers, but
from the standpoint of English speakers, and perhaps the drawbacks from
the standpoint of English speakers are a little worse even than the ones
71
that foreign speakers encounter, because Basic English is fundamentally
a retractive process, that is, a process of learning to unlearn, learning to
forget, learning to do without. We have to revise our concepts with Basic
English. In addition to all this, Basic English is fundamentally false in
its claims. It tells you that you can get along with 850 words, but by the
time that you get through with your Basic English, you find that there are
additions over and above 850 words. There are dates, and numbers, and
currencies, and so-called "international words", that are perhaps quite
"international", but they are not Russian words, they are not Spanish,
they are not Italian, and if you go to those countries and try to use them,
people there won't understand you. And there are others, too, scientific,
technical, which we should have to learn, and by the time you get through,
you find instead of 850, if you want really to learn it completely, you
come pretty close to the 8,000 words which are considered sufficient for
ordinary interchange of conversation in any land.
What Shall  Be  the International Language?
That is all right, but now that still leaves us with the problem of inter-
national communications, and it is a problem that will have to be solved
soon. We cannot wait much longer. The nations of the world want peace,
the peoples of the world want a stop to the everlasting international wars,
and the language problem, the language difference, while not in itself a
cause of war, is a hindrance to the cause of peace, so it is very readily
and generally recognized and admitted that an international language,
some kind of international language, should be chosen. But now the great
question comes up — what shall this international language be?
Well, at this point you know what the general idea of most people is.
This I think is best illustrated by the idea of one of the worthy repre-
sentatives of the United States Senate, who stated: "By all means, let
us have an international language, and let that language be English!"
Yes, but the French came back at us, and asked, "Why not French? It's
used by a tremendous number of people!" And then the Spanish pointed
out that after all, there are many advantages to be gained by the use of
their language, among these the great ease of pronunciation, in Spanish.
The Russians also have a few ideas of their own to add, and say they
have a perfectly good language, and why give it up? So we find that the
people of each country would like to see their own language used as an
international communication medium. Why? Well, partly for reasons of
sentiment, and partly because they will thereby be able to save them-
selves the trouble of having to learn another kind of speech.
The problem of mental inertia, the problem of human limitations, will
all have to be considered. We speak a certain way, we have a certain
set of habits, we have gone to considerable pain and expense to learn
our mother tongue, and now we feel that we should be able to sit back
on our laurels.
In spite of all this, a good many intelligent people realize that there
would be a very great advantage to having one language used all over the
world as a second language. Some of these proposals deal with national
languages, and some with the constructed, or "artificial" languages.
Now, the same people who complain about foreign natural tongues im-
mediately raise the complaint about a constructed language that it is
"artificial", is constructed, is not a "natural" tongue, and why, they ask,
72
should they consider learning a language that is artificial?
Well, suppose we examine the various types, and see what the possi-
bilities are of adopting one or another of these. I think by this time Basic
English has been pretty thoroughly discredited, and will eventually be
thrown out. That I believe is agreed throughout the world, because Basic
English involves a restriction of the idea of human thought and expression.
Let Us Examine Leading National Tongues
Now we have national languages and artificial languages. Let us ex-
amine the leading national tongues, and see what can be done. First, let
us take English. Not Basic English, real English. How about real Eng-
lish? Well, one of the things often said about English by all the people
who believe it should be our international language is that it is an easy
language, one that offers not too much difficulty in learning to speak.
That is perhaps true in one way, but it is not so true in another. It may
be fairly easy to learn English in an imperfect and pidginized form, but
the very fact that we have pidgin English in multiple variety is pretty
definite proof that English is not easy. The fact that we have so many
examples of this broken-down English is in itself evidence that English
is not learned with facility. If it were, it would not be learned as a bro-
ken or pidgin speech.
You know1 what Basic English essays to do. It likes to take one of,
say, eighteen verbs, link it up with a preposition or noun, and use it as
a substitute for one of the original verbs that we use. For example, you
must not say "surrender", you must say "give up". Give up and surrender
are prefectly good English expressions, and we are apt to hear either one
of them at any time,  but  "surrender" has a very definite meaning of its
own, and that meaning is not "give up". "Give up", on the other hand, is
completely meaningless, and has to be learned as an idiomatic expression.
You take the phrase "give up" and offer it to a French speaker — what
will it mean to him? It will not mean anything. It will mean "give", plus
"up"! While "give up"  is completely meaningless, he can learn it as an
idiom; however, it is something that will never come to him naturally.
English Presents  Problems   to  Foreigners
Take also the expression  "Look out!" This is another example of the
same sort of thing. It means "Look outside!", it does not mean "Be care-
ful";  and while  in English we  can say both things,  we  are more apt to
say "look out" than "be careful", although we actually mean the latter.
English is chock full of these idiomatic expressions, and all of them are
going to be very difficult for foreign students to acquire. Then, our gram-
mar is often described as one of the simplest grammars  in the world. It
is simple in some respects, and then again it is not so simple. It is dif-
ficult for a native American to understand the very real problems it pre-
sents to foreign students.
Recently I was in correspondence with a Czech who has been in this
country only two or three years, and in the Czech language there is no
article, definite or indefinite. You do not say "a" or "the". This Czech,
who is a cultured person and has studied languages intensively, in his
letters makes use of some very complicated expressions. "Well," you say,
"all that is not a real barrier to comprehension, so long as he makes his
meaning clear." But that again leads us to another order of ideas. Under
these circumstances, if we use English in that form, we are going to have
"73
either a pidgin English or a long series of pidgin forms, and after awhile
our beautiful mother tongue is going to come out considerably the worse
for wear. It will be so misunderstood that it will come out with the roots
all awry and without clarity in use.
Then, of course, there are other difficulties. English sounds are a little
difficult to acquire. There again you might say that it is not necessary to
acquire them perfectly. Well, suppose a Frenchman learns to speak Eng-
lish after a fashion, and goes to great lengths to acquire its use, still he
never seems to acquire this English in such a way as to make himself thor-
oughly understood. All these things lead us to think it perhaps has some
difficulties in pronunciation.
Then there is another thing in the way of English, the structure of the
language itself. Consider what we do in English in the case of words like
"mail". First of all, it can be spelled two ways, "mail" and "male." The
meaning becomes clear when we write the word, or when we use it in a
context. But it does not always become one hundred percent clear, how-
ever, when we take the word "mail" and use it as a noun, as a verb, as an
adjective. "Put this letter in the mail." "Mail this mail in the mail box."
(Used as three parts of speech.) This is supposed to be a great advantage
by some authorities, this looseness in the use of the grammatical parts.
One writer thinks it has a great advantage in that it may be used in any
way we please. It does lead, however, to confusion among those who are
not familiar with the use of the language.
Moffer of Ungodly Spelling & Pronunciation
The worst of all, even from the standpoint of a native speaker, is the
matter of its ungodly spelling. Here you have spelling on the one side and
pronunciation on the other. Consider, then, what has to be done in English
and American schools. A child goes to school, and he learns to spell, goes
through advanced courses of learning, and perhaps finally emerges with a
Ph.D., and still he may have to look up the spelling of some words in Web-
ster! That can happen much more easily with people who have not been so
fortunate as to have had all the schooling that I have had. Consider the
foreigner who hears the word "right", which can be spelled "right" "wright",
"rite", or "write". It can be spelled in any one of these four ways. That
sort of thing presents problems.
Some people, notably Mr. George Bernard Shaw and Senator Owen, have
proposed spelling reform. But the average man will not listen to talk of
such reform. He remembers the trouble he had in learning to spell, and it
is something he expects others will just have to experience too. He feels
he went through all the difficulties once, and he certainly is not going to
learn to spell all over again. You have just as much difficulty convincing
him on this point as convincing him that something other than English may
be used as an international language. Well, I guess he just doesn't want
to be disturbed.
Consider it, however, from the standpoint of the foreigner who may have
to study English for the sake of international use, when the natives them-
selves cannot write it correctly after some twenty years of study! Yes,
there is certainly something wrong.
Well, there you have some of the difficulties in the way of learning the
English language. By no means all of them, rather, only a few!
(ro be continued)
74
PORTUGALA EKSKURSO
Carlos Isidoro de Jesus
Frumatene la Esperantistoj komen-
cas ariĝi en la stacidomo. Mistera
sento ilin pelis tien — la sopiro kun-
vivi dum mta tago la senkomparan
fratecon, kiun estigas la lingvo Espe-
ranto. Verda flageto saĝe metita sur
vagono-fenestro milde moviĝante kun-
vokas al si la samideanaron. Tien ill
svarmas allogate. Tie — ili scias —
vojaĝos la verdaj ekskursantoj.
La vagonaro ekvemras. De unu al
alia ekstremo de la vagono kruciĝas
esperantaj sonoj je la mirego de la
ceteraj pasaĝeroj. Fratama sento ŝve-
bas super niaj kapoj. Ĝi flugas reci-
proke de fraŭlo al fraŭlino, de mal-
junulo al junulo, de viro al virino —
ĝi flugas de homo al homo!
Ni alvenas en Agualva. Samideano
Ferreira Alves jam atende staras en la
stacidomo. Ni salutas lin. Kriojn —
vivu-ojn al Esperanto, hura-ojn! Ni
turnas nin al la bieno, kiun tiu sami-
deano afablege disponigis por ni. Es-
tas babilado, Esperanto-kantado, kaj
ridado. Jen la bieno! Ni nun serĉu
oportunan lokon por restadi. Jen ĝi,
proksime al tiu aro da arboj. Ĉiu sur-
plankigas sian pakajon. Kelkaj mal-
sataj jam ekmanĝas. Sportemuloj jam
ludas per pilko. Aliaj ripozas sterni-
taj sur la herbaro. Plenaĝuloj pa-
rolas serioze pri io grava. Gejunuloj
senzorge babiladas, aŭdigante ĝojan
ridegadon.
Nun, post la tagmezo, la solenajo
alproksimiĝas. La samideanoj kunve-
nas. Kiom da personoj? Sepdek!
Preskaŭ kongreso! Ekstarante, ĉiuj
kantas la himnon "La Espero". Sole-
na momento! La muzik-notoj ekoe
resonas en niaj koroj, vekante pli var-
man amon al la Homaro. Kiel bone,
esti Esperantisto!                   __________
Samideano Cordeiro eklegas sian
saluton al la grupo. Elkoran bonde-
ziron kaj bonvenon. Sinceraj vortoj
montrantaj amon al Esperanto, plenan
komprenon pri nia ideo. Sekvas la
Zamenhofa versaĵo, "Preĝo sub la ver-
da standardo". Ni sentas ke la sole-
neco pliampleksiĝas. Ĉiuj streĉas la
aŭdpovon kaj senteme aŭskultas ĝin.
Poste, seriozuloj legas proprajn artiko-
lojn. Kaj ridemuloj rakontas anek-
dotojn. Refoje versajoj: "La Vojo",
"Al la Fratoj" kaj "Mia Penso". Kaj
tiel la programo sekvas — agrabla,
interesa, plena je Esperantaj sentoj.
Vere ĉiuj sentas sin "anoj de la granda
homaro".
Fine, la letervespero. 25 leteroj ri-
cevitaj. Dezirojn por plensukceso kaj
plezuro al la ekskursantoj de diversaj
samideanoj, kore bedaŭrantaj ne povi
interfratiĝi kun ni. Jes, vera interfra-
tiĝo ĝi estas. Pala, malgrandega bildo
de la estonta socio interfratigata. La
solenajo ĉesas per komuna kanto de la
Esperanta Himno.
Ludoj komenciĝas. Manon ĉe mano
ni ronde ĉirkaŭiradas. Brue ni ridas,
babilas — kaj ni nur bedaŭras ke la
tago estas tiel mallonga. Sed jam
estas tempo por foriri. La suno jam
subiras kaj ni foriras kun la suno. Ho,
la suno! Ja, la sama suno kiu jus
lumigis fratan Esperantistan rondon,
tuj disjetos la samajn radiojn al ka-
nonoj, tankoj kaj armeoj. Kiel sar-
kasme! Kiel bedaŭrinde! Malrapide
ni paŝas al la stacidomo. La arboj kaj
la floroj restas. . . . Sed ni foriras
kun la konscienco trankvila kaj plen-
sata, pri plenumo de devo la plej
sankta!
Lisbono, Port.
R1MARKU: Bonvole informu la gazeton "Amerika Esperantisto" pri
korektajoj aŭ adres-ŝanĝoj tuj. Skribu la malnovan kaj ankaŭ la novan
adresojn. Tuja atento pri tiuj detalajoj faciligos la laboron ĉe ni, kaj certigos
al vi la ricevon de la gazeto.              75
The Esperanto Association of North America
OFFICIAL STATEMENT OF EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
From time to time we receive inquiries concerning the rela-
tionship, if any, between the Esperanto Association of North
America and various "Institutes," "Foundations" and periodicals
operating under such names as Esperanto Foundation, International
Language Foundation, Interlanguage Foundation, National Institute
of Esperanto, American Institute of Esperanto, American Esperanto
Institute, Interlingual Institute, National Eureka Esperanto Insti-
tute, Zamenhof Institute, Esperanto Publishing House, Esperanto
Campaign Office, Espero, Usona Revo, American Friends of
World Esperanto, American Esperanto Federation, World Lan-
guage Foundation. We are not sure whether this list is complete
nor whether all of these "firms" are still in existence.
None of them has any connection with the Esperanto Associa'
tion of North America, which is the legitimate representative body
of the Esperanto movement in the United States and Canada.
Practically all of them are one-man shows, or organizations exist-
ing on paper only, and some have been established for the express
purpose of counteracting our Association and its democratically
elected officers. Not one of them amounts to much, as far as mem-
bership or achievements are concerned. They do create, however,
a certain amount of confusion in the public mind as to who rep-
resents the Esperanto movement on the North American continent.
We, therefore, wish to recall Resolution No. 10 adopted by the
39th Congress of our Association at Wilmington, Delaware, in
1949: "The Congress reaffirms the importance of unity of efforts
among all Esperantists, reaffirms the necessity of a strong, active
organization, and urges all loyal friends of EANA to engage in no
activities which might prove competitive with those of the Na-
tional Headquarters without first obtaining the approval of the
Estraro. We strongly decry the use without official approval of
misleading terms such as "Institute," "Foundation," or "Association"
in connection with Esperanto activities."
The EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE of the
Esperanto Association of North America, Inc.
GOJAN KRISTNASKON KAJ FELICAN NOVJARON AL VI
76
A LESSON FROM THE HISTORY OF EANA
Arthur Brooks Baker
The following, by Arthur Brooks Baker, is reprinted in
abbreviated form from AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO of De-
cember 1910 Mr. Baker, founder of this magazine, com-
mented on tendencies which he considered as prejudicial to
the Esperanto movement in this country. The enterprise to
which he referred failed, of course, but produced a certain
amount of confusion and a setback in the normal growth
of the Esperanto movement in North America. In the 40
years since this was written, the movement has grown in
strength and wisdom and has become immune against the
tendencies which Mr. Baker denounced. At least, we hope so.
The Esperanto Association of North America is at this time
the representative, organized body of the Esperanto movement on
this continent. An attempt is now being made to organize another
association by a committee of a few persons who are dissatisfied
... With a few exceptions, these leaders are persons of nervous
temperament, anxious to see things move along in the way they
want them to go. When they do not move in this way, they nat-
urally want to know what and who is at fault. They seek some-
thing to blame...
Another type of person discovers that the trouble lies in the
working organization of the Esperanto movement. He feels that
if he were secretary, if he were president, this impatient desire to
■see things go just right, would translate itself into material terms,
and all would be lovely...
One member of the "committee" which in its impatience wants
to remedy human nature by making a new organization of Esper-
antists,'recently wrote me that if he were in charge of this maga-
zine, he could get nine-tenths of our subscribers to renew, and
could get ten new ones in place of the tenth who dropped out.
The man who can bend human nature into conformity with such
a wild boast, would, had he lived in military days, have had Napo-
leon as a stable boy; Alexander the Great would have felt himself
honored to sew buttons on the pajamas of such a genius...
The attempt to establish another organization is to set the
Esperantists at cross purposes among themselves and make them
ridiculous in the eyes of the public... "Lo," say the irreverent
papers, "see the funny folks who seek to make the world of one
speech. They ask a billion people to unite on a grammar, but even
a few hundred of them cannot agree among themselves."
77
ESPERANTO IN ACTION
AROUND THE WORLD
In Brazil, it has become a general rule for the Federal Government
of Brazil to grant permission to Federal Civil Service employees to at-
tend the sessions of the Brazilian Congress of Esperanto without loss
of salary. The time necessary to travel to and from the congress city
is also included.
The International Fair of Barcelona, Spain, again this year issued
an official poster in Esperanto.   15,000 copies were printed.
At Liverpool University,  England,  nine  students  offered Esperanto
as part of their studies for a B. A. degree. Five universities throughout
the world now have lectureships in Esperanto. It is taught officially in
eleven others and unofficially in sixteen more.
The international medical review in Esperanto, "Medicina Revuo,"
has recently resumed publication in Japan. It is published by the Physi-
ological Institute of Tiba University, under the editorship of Professor
Masao Suzuki.
In Asiya, Japan, the local Unesco Association sponsored an Esper-
anto course during July of 1964. It was taught by Sinĵi Mijamoto, prom-
inent local businessman.
The International Tourist Center in the Netherlands, has begun a
series of autobus tours for Esperantists called "Karuselvojaĝoj" (Car-
ousel Tours). The eleven-day tour begins and ends in Amsterdam and
passes through Cologne and Heidelberg, Germany; Luxembourg; and
Brussels, Belgium.
A British Esperantist, Mrs. Doris W. Worcester, who has lived and
worked for many years in Japan, recently embarked on a lecture tour of
New Zealand. She was extensively interviewed by newspapers, radio
and TV. She spoke before Teachers Colleges and many other schools.
As a result, the Evans Bay Intermediate School decided to teach Esper-
anto. 285 students took part in classes this year, and an increase to
over 600 is estimated for next year.
The weekly Esperanto programs of the Vienna Radio have had a long
and distinguished history. In 1924, just after the establishment of the
very first radio station in Austria, Radio Vienna began broadcasting
a course in Esperanto. The programs have continued regularly since
that time, except for the difficult period of World War II and for about
eight months in 1954.
The Organization of Danish Youth Hostels has published a leaflet
in Esperanto entitled Bonvenon al Danmark kaj la danaj junulargastejoj
(Welcome to Denmark and to the Danish Youth Hostels).
78
Complete descriptions in Esperanto are being added to the large-
size German language "Tierkalender" (Animal Calendar) for 1965, pub-
lished by Reinsteg-Verlag in Gechingen, Germany. Approximately 35,000
copies of this calendar, beautifully printed in color, are distributed to
banks, magazines, and two thirds of the schools in Western Germany.
The firm Benedictine has published an international menu with 90
different dishes in six national languages including Esperanto.
In order to graduate "cum laude approbatur" in the Home Economics
Department of the University of Helsinki, students must complete two
courses in Esperanto. These courses are usually taken during the sum-
at the Summer University of the city of Lapeenranta, Finland. This past
summer the "Fundamental Course" was given by the world-renowned
teacher of Esperanto, Andreo Cseh, and the second "Economic Course"
was taught by Vilho Setala. 36 students took part in the former course
and 24 in the latter.
In Israel, the Education Department of the City Council of Tel-Aviv,
sent a circular to all city schools, announcing that it was ready to or-
ganize courses in Esperanto for teachers during the spring and summer
vacations.
At the Center for Nuclear Studies in Grenoble, France, an Esperanto
section has been organized. Three essays in Esperanto were published
in the early part of 1964, one written originally in Esperanto, and two
other  scientific studies translated from the French.
"Korea Revuo" (Korean Review) is the name of a new Esperanto-
Korean magazine published by the Korean Esperanto Institute in Taegu.
It is printed under the auspices of Chung Gu University, whose Presi-
dent, Dr. Hae Chung Choi, has long been an advocate of Esperanto.
Officers and men of the U. S. Armed Forces often find themselves
facing the language barrier. These two recent comments by military men
dramatically point up the need for an interlanguage: "I am now reading
the book Esperanto: The World Interlanguage by George Alan Connor et
al. I easily understand the need for an interlanguage and have experi-
ences in this line. My family and I visited Sicily last summer with my
wife's relatives and were greatly in need of a common language. We did
manage to communicate, but think how much easier it would have been
just by using the Esperanto language keys. ... We write to Italian rela-
tives but it is complicated having to go through interpreters. I do think
these language keys would be as easy now with none of us knowing Es-
peranto." Major Oscar Al Belk, Jr. — "I am presently stationed in Tur-
key on military duty. I have heard of Esperanto and know a little of it,
but I was wondering if I could obtain more information about it from you.
... I have traveled throughout Europe and will travel quite a bit more
before returning to the States, and lack of facility in the native language
is not only inconvenient but downright dangerous. I am a medical officer
and although I am gradually gaining facility with Turkish, I am never-
theless quite apprehensive in my dealings with them. If everyone were
to have a few of the experiences I have had here, we would have an in-
ternational language tomorrow." Capt. Morton ]. Sanel, M.D.
79
FACILA   LEGADO   POR   LA   PROGRESANTO
LA LECIONO
Kompilita de Doris Tappan Connor
(Gelernantoj evenas brue, kaj sidi-
ĝas. La instruistino sonorigas sonorile-
ton, kaj komencas saluti): Bonan
tagon, gelernantoj! Ĉu vi estas sanaj
hodiaŭ?
Grupo: {unuvoĉe) Jes, instruistino,
ni estas sanaj!
Inst; Bone! Ni havas interesan leci-
onon hodiaŭ. Sed, unue, permesu al
mi demandi: Kio estas via nomo?
{montrante al lemantino)
Lilio: Mia nomo estas Lilio Bruno.
Inst: Kaj kion viaj gepatroj nomas
sin?
Lilio:  Paĉjo kaj Panjo.
Inst: Jes, certe, sed la nomo?
Lilio: Nur Paĉjo kaj Panjo.
Inst: {kun ĉagreno demandas al
alia) Nu . . . kio estas via nomo?
Dua-L: Ho, mia nomo estas la
sama kiel tio de Paĉjo kaj Panjo.
Inst:  Kaj kio estas iliaj nomoj?
Dua-L: Same kiel la mial
Inst: Ni komencu la lecionon!
Tria-L: (levas la manon kaj krias)
Instruistino!  Instruistino'
Inst: Jes?
Tria-L: Ĉu vi punus knabon pro
ago kion li ne faris?
Inst: Kompreneble ne! Kial?
Tria-L: Nu . . . mi ne lernis mian
leciononi
Inst: Heh? Do, vi estu la stultulo
de la grupo. (sidigas lin en angulon,
kaj metas sur la kapon stultul-ĉape-
lon) Nun . . . denove al la leciono!
{demandas al alia lernanto) Kial la
vortoj en Esperanto havas radikojn?
Kvara-L: {levante la manon) Mi
scias! Mi sciasj Por ke la lingvo
kresku!
Inst: Vi ĉiuj estas stultulojj Ĉu vi
scias ion pri geografio?
Grupo: Ho, jes ... ni scias ĉion!
Inst: Nu . . . dekstre estas oriento.
Maldekstre estas okcidento. Antaŭ vi
estas  nordo. Kio  estas malantaŭ vi?
Grupo: La fenestra! (aŭ kio ajn
estas tie)
Inst: Iru al la landkarto de la
mondo, Petro, kaj montru al ni Amer-
ikon. {Petro tion faras) Tio estas
ĝusta. Jen, lernantoj, diru al mi, kiu
eltrovis Amerikon?
Grupo:  Petro!
Inst: Heh? Ĉu vi ne memoras pri
Kristofo Kolombo?
Dua-L: {levante la manon) Jes,
mi scias. Li estis Italiano, kiu eltrovis
Amerikon por la reĝino de Hispan-
ujo, en la jaro 1492. En la jaro mil-
kvar-cent-naŭdek-dua, Kolombo vel-
veturis sur la oceano blua!
Inst: Tre bone! Vi estas inteligenta
knabineto. Sed, nun, gelernantoj, kion
vi scias pri matematiko?
Grupo: Ni scias ĉionj
Inst: Bone — Se domo havas Jcvar
ŝruparojn, kaj ĉiu ŝruparo havas dek
ŝtupojn, kiom da ŝtupoj oni devas
supreniri por atingi la supron?
Grupo: Jes, certe!
Inst: Ne, ne — Kiom da ŝtupoj?
Petro: Kiom — eh — jes. Kiom
da stupoj? Ho, jes — ĉiujn!
Inst: Nu, ĉu vi scias ion pri gra-
matiko?
Grupo:   Certe!   Ni scias ĉion[
Inst: Ni nun volas fari frazojn
kun personaj pronomoj — li, mi, vi,
kaj tiel plu. Se, ekzemple, la Patro
dims: "Mi foriros hodiaŭ vespere,"
kion respondus la Patrino al li?
Petro: Si dims: "Vi restos hejme!"
{la grupo  ridas)
Inst: Gramatike analizu la frazon,
"Petro edziĝis kun Lilio".
Dua-L: Petro estas substantivo, car
ĝi estas nomo de iu. Edziĝas — estas
konjunkcio, car ĝi kunigas Petron kun
Lilio. Kaj — Lilio estas — verbo, cat
ŝi regas la substantivon!
80
Tria-L:   (venas de la angulo)   In-        Kvara-L:  Instruistino, mi scias pri
struistino, mi havas belan bildon por    la optimisto.
vi. Estas pri la Biblio.                               Inst: Bone! Kion vi scias?
Inst:   Cu vere?  Montru ĝin al la        Kvara-L:   Pesimisto  kaj   optimisto
grupo.                                                    estis  du muŝoj.  Ili  ambaŭ falis  en
Tria-L:   (montras pecon de blanka,    glason   da   lakto.   Pesimisto   nenion
absolute   senmakulita   papero)    Tiu    faris   por   savi sin,   kaj   dronis.   Sed
bildo prezentas la pason de la Izra-     optimisto naĝadis — kaj naĝadis —
elidoj tra la Ruĝa Maro.                        kaj   naĝadis,  ĝis  la  batado  de  ĝiaj
Inst: Sed, kie estas la maro?              kruroj faris buJon da butero. Li sidi-
Tria-L: Ĝi jam foririsj                       ĝis sur la butero, sekiĝis kaj fotflugis.
Inst:   Kaj  kie estas  la Izraelidoj?         (La lernantoj ridas  laŭte.  La in-
Tria-L: Ili jam pasis!                         struistino   regardas   la   horloĝon   kaj
Inst: Kaj kie estas la egiptoj?            denove sonorigas la sonorilon dirante
Tria-L:  Ili ankoraŭ ne alvenis!           "Bonan   tagont   Ĝis la   revido!"   La
Inst: Nu, tio suficasi Vi estas op-     lernantoj stariĝas kaj forkuras el la
timisto!                                                  ĉambro dirante la samon.)
PAULO EAJ GAULO
Vivis Paulo kaj Gaŭlo en dom' tiu sama:
Paŭlo supre, kaj Gaŭlo malsupre loĝadis.
Paul' neniun ofendis — trankvila, pacama;
Plej sovaĝajn petolojn do Gaŭl' elpensadis.
En la ĉambro li ĉasis: jen hund', jen leporo;
Inter tabloj kaj seĝoj li pelas kaj sonas
Kaj trumpetas kaj pafas; en ĉasa laboro,
Kriegante, saltante, laciĝon ne konas.
Paulo don toleras, sed fine ne povas . . .
Iras suben al Gaŭlo, petegi lin provas:
"Kompatiĝu, sinjoro, kaj ĉasu pli mole,
Car ja supre la vitroj ekfalas senvole."
Sed el Gaŭlo je tio: "Libera hometo en sia dometo."
Kion je ĝi respondi? Ĉapelon Paul' prenis;
Li eĉ vorton ne pepis kaj hejmen revenis.
Morgaŭ Gaŭlo ankoraŭ bonguste ronkadas,
Jen nazon lian io de plafon' gutadas...
Li eksaltis el lito kaj supren rapidas.
Frap't Frap'! — Fermite! Kio? Per tru' li ekvidas
Strangaĵon: Tuta ĉambro estas akvoloko,
Kaj Paulo sur komodo sidas kun fiŝhoko.
"Sinjor", vi kion faras?" — "Mi kaptas fiŝetojn!"
"Sed, sinjor', mi sur kapo ja sentas gutetojn!"
Kaj je tio ĉi Paulo: "Libera hometo en sia dometo."
El fablo morinstruon vi legos facile:
"Vi tiel al alia, li al vi simile'"
—Aleksandro Fredro (Tr. Leo Belmont)
ANTAU 71 JAROJ
Jen Esperanto-letero skribita de la jama Esperanto-pioniro en Rusujo,
Prof. A. Dombrovski, al la jama pioniro en Usono, Richard H. Geoghegan.
Prof. Dombrovski estis en tiu tempo ekzilito de la cara registaro.
Kion vi skribis pri la sociala stato de Norda Ameriko, Ŝajnas al mi tro
unuflanke pentrita. Mi scias, ke la Unuigitaj Ŝtatoj ne estas ia absolute
ideala regno. Sed mi ankaŭ scias, ke la absolute ideala regno troviĝas ne-
nie sur la globo tera. Tia regno ekzistas sole in posse (en ebleco), kiel
diras la filozofoj, sed in esse (en realeco) gi eble neniam efektivigos en
Ĉi tiu mondo. La absolute ideala regno estas limo, al kiu la homaro penos
Ĉiam alproksimiĝi, sed gin tute atingos neniam. Tial en la homa parolo la
la ideala regno nominda estas nur tiu, kiu el Ciuj aliaj teraj regnoj plej
alproksimigas al la idealo. Elirante el tiuj ĉi principoj, mi opinias, ke la
Unuigitajn Statojn de Norda Ameriko oni povas nomi regno ideala, car,
kvankam ili havas siajn malbonajn flankojn, tamen en ili ĉiu aparta homo
posedas plej multe da rajtoj kaj ĉiu pozitiva homa forto povas tie trovi la
necesan punkton de almeto, Car tie oni povas ĉiam elserĉi la konvenajn
kondiĉojn por la utila laborado al la komuna bono de la socio. . . .
Krom tio, kvankam la nuna ordo de via nova patrujo ne estas tute per-
fekta, tamen gi povas senbare perfektigi, Car kontraŭ ĉiuj malbonaĵoj oni
povas publike paroladi kaj proponi la konformajnrimedojn por ilia tuja for-
igo, alivorte oni havas la kondiĉojn por sukcesa batalado kontraŭ socialaj
malbonajoj, kio ankaŭ en nia "bone ordigita " Eŭropo ne ĉie estas trovebla.
Vi skribas, ke la popolamaso en Ameriko estas turmentata per riĉeg-
uloj, kaj ke la laboristoj tieaj estas gemantaj. Mi volonte kredas tion Ci
kaj tre bedaŭras. Sed aliflanke mi petas vin ekmemori, ke en nia "krist-
amema" Eflropo ekzistas tutaj nacioj, kiujn oni sisteme pereigis kaj al
kiuj eĉ gemi estas malpermesate! . . .
Mi konatigis kun Volapuk, kiam mi estis lernanta teologion en Kovno.
La profesoro de la seminario, Prelato A. Voronoviĉ, montris al mi novan
lernolibron de Volapuk. Traleginte ĝian antaŭparolon, mi estis ĉarmita, kaj
kun grandega intereso mi komencis trarigardadi tiun Ci "tutmondan" lin-
gvon. Sed bedaŭrinde malgrafl tio, ke mi pli malpli komprenis 12 lingvojn,
en Volapuk mi povis nenion kompreni, gis mi rigardis en la vortaron. Mia
unua fervoro rapide malvarmigis. . . .
Post tri jaroj mi konatigis kun Esperanto. Mi eksciis pri gi el gazetoj,
kiuj mokante anoncadis "ankoraŭ unu lingvon internacian." Malgraŭ tiri
Ĉi mokadoj mi aĉetis la unuan broŝuteton pri Esperanto kaj, trarigardante
gin, tuj ekvidis, ke preskaŭ ĉio en gi estas por mi komprenebla sen ia ler-
nado. Ju pli mi gin lernis, des pli mi konvinkigadis, ke tiu ĉi sistemo es-
tas inda farigi lingvo tutmonda. Mi rakontis pri Esperanto al kelkaj el miaj
kolegoj en la akademio, kaj ili tute konsentis kun mi. De tiu tempo mi far-
igis Esperantisto. Mi trovis en Esperanto preskafl Ciujn ecojn, kiujndevas
havi lingvo tutmonda: facilecon, naturecon, bonsonecon, uzeblecon, por
Ciuj celoj— ne sole por komerco, sed ankafl por la scienco kaj por la po-
ezio. Krom tio mi trovis, ke gi estas vere filozofie konstruita. . . .
El via letero mi vidas kun plezuro, ke via opinio pri Esperanto estas
la sama, kvankam vi alvenis per alia vojo ol mi al tiu Ci opinio.
— A. Dombrovski
82
KION NI MANGU ?
(Amuza studo pri vortoriginoj en Esperanto}
Kiel la nomoj de niaj vestoj, tiel ankaŭ la nomoj de niaj manĝaĵoj kaj
trinkaĵoj montras, ke nia civilizo estas tutmonda. Ĉiuj kontinentoj alpor-
tis novajn vortojn al la lingvoj de Okcidenta Eflropo kaj tiel al Esperanto.
La indianoj de Norda, Centra kaj Suda Ameriko pliriĉigis la civilizitan
mondon per multaj gravaj vortoj, ekz. maizo, tomato, kakao, ĉokolado, tapi-
oko, manioko, kasavo. Kiom da bongustaj fruktoj havas indianajn nomojn!
La suka ananaso, la dolĉa papajo, la acide dolca guavo, kies gelatenaĵo
estas Ŝatata frandaĵo, la aromriĉa persimono, la avokado, el kiu oni faras
bonan salaton, estas fruktoj de la Nova Mondo, kion pruvas iliaj nomoj.
Multaj fruktoj indikas originon per siaj nomoj, Persiko kompreneble
venas el Persujo, ĉerizo el la regiono de Cerasus, en Azio, cidonio de Cy-
donia, en la Insulo Kreto, kaŝtano de Kastana, ce la Nigra Maro. Banano
estas afrika, jujubo araba, mango malaja. Melono estas greka, abrikoto
araba, porno, piro kaj nukso latinaj vortoj. Pruno estas greka. Suko estas
sanskrita (hinda), sukero kaj siropo estas arabaj vortoj.
Oranĝo estas araba, pampelmo malaja, kumkvato ĉina, mandarino sans-
krita, limedo persa, bergamoto turka, kaj citrono greka vorto. Sajnas do, ke
Ciu el la citrus-fruktoj havas alilingvan originon. La Esperanto-vortaroj
estas sufiCe konfuzaj pri la nomoj de tiuj fruktoj. Nur oranĝo kaj citrono
estas oficialaj vortoj, bergamoto estas Zamenhofa, mandarino troviĝas en
Plena Vortaro, pampelmo kaj limedo en Edinburgh-Vortaro, kumkvato nenie.
Tial jen listo kun la botanikaj terminoj (latinaj) kaj la anglaj tradukoj:
pampelmo            Citrus decumana              grapefruit
oranĝo                  Citrus sinensis                  orange
bergamoto            Citrus bergamia                bergamot
mandarino            Citrus nobilis                    tangerine
citrono                  Citrus medica                   lemon
limedo                  Citrus limetta                   lime
kumkvato             Citrus aurantium              kumquat
Rizo estas sanskrita, spinaco persa, saguo papua kaj malaja, cepo kaj
fabo latinaj, pizo kaj petroselo grekaj vortoj. Pudingo estas kelta- Pipro
kaj zingibro estas sanskritaj, cinamo hebrea, mento kaj timiano grekaj.
El la baska lingvo venas anĉovo {ancbuva, "seka"), el la islanda lin-
gvo haringo. Sardinoj kaj sardeloj estis unue kaptitaj ĉe la Insulo Sardinio.
Ni finu per kelkaj rimarkoj pri trinkajoj. Kafo estas araba kaj turka
vorto, teo venas el la ĉina lingvo, kolao estas afrikdevena, lakto greka,
kremo latina. Kvankam la Profeto Mahometo malpermesis al siaj anoj la
trinkadon de alkoholo, la araba lingvo donis al ni la vortojn alkobolo kaj
arako. Julepo estas persa vorto, kaj ĝia unua signifo estis rozakvo. Rumo
estas amerik-indiana vorto. La latina origino de likvoro estas evidenta.
Vino estas de greka, biero de germana origino. Brando ankaŭ estas ger-
mana ("brulita" vino), kaj ĝino estas mallongigo de juniperbrando. Grogo
venas de la Sercnomo de la brita admiralo Vernon, kiu vivis antaŭ 200
jaroj; viskio venas el la gaela lingvo (uisgebeatba,  "viv-akvo").
— w. s.
83
ESPERANTA    KRONIKO
Esperanto-Kurso en Altlernejo, Akron, 0. - Dank' al la entuziasma
organizado de S-ino Sandra Kent, kiu instruas la anglan kaj francan lin-
gvojn en publikaj lernejoj de Akron, nova Esperanto-kurso efektiviĝis
en altlernejo. Komence, dek-sep geknaboj el la 10-a, 11-a, 12-a studjaroj
partoprenas en la kurso ĉiu-vendrede. Ĉiuj lernantoj havis bonan pre-
paron por la kurso pro diversaj studoj de lingvoj en la lernejo, ekz. la
latina, franca, hispana, germana; kaj lingvoj en la hejmo, ekz. greka,
turka, hebrea itala, ktp. Krom tio unu knabo jam per si mem lernis Esper-
anton, kaj aliĝis al la grupo por kunesto kaj praktiko. La lernantoj ne ri-
cevas lernej-krediton nun, sed per konsento de la lernejestro, oni esperas
enmeti Esperanton oficiale en la lernej-programon en la sekvonta jaro.
La lernej-gazeto presis belan anoncon pri la nuna kurso kun la titolo,
"Esperanto Club Study Language" (Esperanta Klubo Studas Lingvon).
William Miernicki, Nov-Jorko, altestimata membro nia dum pli ol dek
jaroj,fidele sendis renovigan kotizon en junio antaŭ ol li vojaĝis al Pol-
lando por viziti sian filinon tie. Lia frupago de kotizo, kaj membreco sen
interrompo dum tiom da jaroj, multe helpas al EANA. Ni deziras por li
gojan viziton kun la kara filino en Pollando, kaj ni esperas, ke nia sam-
ideano eble skribos ion por AE pri siaj spertoj en Edropo, post lia re-
veno al Usono.
Jacques Gaucher, Kebeko, Kanado, eiam estis la plej elstara Esper-
antisto en la provinco Kebeko, depost lia unua interesiĝo pri la inter-
lingvo antaŭ preskaŭ dek jaroj. Li instruis multajn kursojn, organizis
kiubon, kaj en la jaro 1958 li estris unu el la plej belaj EANA-kongresoj
iam en Nord-Ameriko. S-ro Gaucher raportas, ke li ankoraŭ estras la Ke-
bekan Flughavenon por la Trans-Kanada Aerlinio, kaj bone vivas kun la
edzino Jocelyne, filino Linda, kaj eta filo Louis, en bela Kebeko.
Julius Breitman, Nov-Jorko, nia samideano dum dek-kvar jaroj,sendis
bondezirojn al ni kaj EANA antaŭ nelonge, kaj sciigis nin, ke li revenis
de vojaĝo kaj vizito al Israelo. Li raportas, ke nia Esperanta Libro-
Servo en Nov-Jorko provizis Esperanto-librojn por la vojaĝo, kaj ke li
fieris pri Israelo kaj Esperanto, kiam li promenadis sur Zamenhof-Strato
en la urbo Rehov. Samideano Breitman unue trovis Esperanton en pub-
lika biblioteko en Nov-Jorko, en la libro The Yiddish Esperanto Teacher
(La Juda Esperanto-Instruisto). En tiu tempo li praktikis kaj ĝuis Esper-
anton en la Klubo Harmonio kun la Esperantista geniulo samideano Kla-
ĝin, kiu gvidis la kiubon. Poste li aliĝis al EANA, kaj ni ofte renkont-
igis en la Centra Oficejo en Nov-Jorko.
Loscori'o Barboza Aparacio, Kolombio, S.A., estas altestimata membro
nia depost li komencis lerni Esperanton antaŭ kvin jaroj. Car li sciis la
anglan lingvon, li trovis la libron Esperanto: The World Inlerlanguage
Satinda kaj utila. Je la komeco de 1963, li rice vis "Ateston pri Lernado"
pro sukcesa ekzameno per koresponda kurso de la Argentina Esperanto-
Lernejo en Rosario. Li nun estas tre kapabla kaj sperta Esperantisto.
Interesa lingva komento lia, pri la lernado de Esperanto je alilingvulo,
estas jene: "Mi preferus la anglan anstataŭ la hispanan metodon, pro
la rilatoj de la idiomajoj inter ambaŭ lingvoj.
84
Helpu pri Kompilado de Vort-ofteco en Esperanto: Dum multaj jaroj,
aktiva Esperantisto kaj membro nia, Walter A. Dormer, 17308 Mapleboro
Rd.,t Maple Heights, Ohio 44137, gvidis kŭrsojn, studis la movadon,
kolektis librojn kaj gazetojn, ktp. Pri la frutempa letero de Zamenhof
presita en May-Aug AE, li atentigas ke ĝi estis presita en januaro 1907,
do laefektivadato de ricevosendube estis en la jaro 1906,— ne en 1907.
Samideano Donner ankafi sendis liston de gazet-kolektoj, pri kiu ni es-
peras presi post esploroj en la Biblioteko. Sed li nun interesiĝas pri
grava kompilado de vort-ofteco en Esperanto por la movado. Tio estas
meritplena Esperanta klopodo, kaj li tre deziras ian ajn informon kaj
helpon tiurilate. Li Satus audi de legantoj de AE pri tiu temo.
Sunshine Magazine en la julia numero, presis vere tre bonan kaj tre
sukcesan Leteron al Redaktoro pri Esperanto. La skribinto estas sperta
propagandistino Lillian E. Fuller, Mass., kiu dum multaj jaroj sukcesis
pri tiaj leteroj al gazetoj, kaj ankaŭ pri Esperanta propagandociumaniere.
"Lilio" ciam enmetas la adreson de EANA. Tio alportas multajn mem-
brojn al EANA, kio signifas Esperantistigadon de multaj personoj.
Fred E. Hutchins, Conn., veterano de EANA, kiu interesiĝas pri Es-
peranto ekde la jaro 1906, sendis al ni reklamon de "Drexel" pri nova
bela meblokesto por televido nomita "Esperanto". S-ro Hutchins skribis:
"Nenio kiel la uzo nun de nomo Esperanto en reklamoj okazis depost la
"Jakto ESPERANTO" en Nov-Anglujo." Ni jam presis pri aliaj mebloj
de "Drexel" en Nov-Dec AE, 1963, kiuj portis la nomon "Esperanto", sed
jen nova utiligo por meblokesto por "TV". Ni nun esperu pri TV-dis-
sendoj en la Esperanta Iingvo pere de la Esperanta TV-meblo.
Serco pri la Televido en USSR: Unu el la hoteloj en Moskvo fiere fan-
faronas, ke estas televido en ciu ĉambro, — sed Gl rigardas VIN.
S-ino Marion Berney, Manitoba, Kanado, estas unu el la plej helpemaj
kaj samideanaj membroj de EANA. Si estas Patrono dum dek jaroj; kon-
tribuis al la Biblioteko ktp; aĉetis multajn librojn el nia libro-servo por
sia Libraro; ĉiam interesiĝas pri la progreso de la Asocio; kaj saĝe kom-
prenas pri la Neologisma Malsano en nia movado, kiel la jenaj komentoj
pruvas: "Se Esperanto iam fariĝos nemanipulebla amaso de nenecesaj
vortoj, ĝi eventuale malsukcesos. Superflueco estas konfuziga kaj sen-
kuraĝigaal la lernanto, kiu unue estas allogita pro klaraj, koncizaj formoj.
Mi esperas, ke gi neniam estos fuŝita de tiuj, kiuj havas nenion alian
plibonan por fariol pendigi elkreskaĵojn sur la strukturon de iu alia. Tiuj
specoj estu sufokpremitaj per ilia propra multvorteco! — kaj preterlasu
nian interlingvon. Nature okazos, mi opinias, malrapida, firma kaj kon-
stanta evoluo de la interlingvo dum estontaj jaroj — kiel en iu ajn Iingvo
— pro disvolvigo kaj progreso. Tio estos neevitebla kaj dezirinda, sed
tiun "novan diluvon'  mi rezistos plej firme."
S-ro Masashi Tominaga, Japanujo, nia nova membro, estas tre sperta
pri diversaj Iingvo j kaj nun lernas Esperanton. Ni esperas, ke multaj
usohanoj korespondos kun li (laŭ anonco en Dez. Kor. en Maj-Aŭg AE).
Li interesiĝas pri lingvistiko, muziko, literaturo, arto, ktp. Adresu lin:
c/o Sakai Works Nagoya Br., Azuma Bldg. ,17, 4-chome, Horokojidori,
Naka-ku, Nagoya City, japan. Li estas juna vic-direktoro de "Sakai".
85
THE   WORLD   INTERLANGUAGE
Muriel Hammond
(Talented Blind Member of EANA)
Like wires and cables stretched from pole to pole,
Or carefully protected underground
To form a network, intricate but whole,
Across a continent to carry sound;
Or as a human hand alive with sense,
Responding to another's friendly grip,
Communicates a quick intelligence
That welds the solid frame of fellowship;
So Esperanto leaps beyond the walls
Surrounding those who know one tongue alone,
Draws hearts together where its cadence falls,
Conveys their thought with goodwill's overtone.
Wherever it is used and understood,
There Esperanto fosters brotherhood.
DEZIRAS KORESPONDI
Anoncoj: Membroj senpage unufoje.   Aliaj 4<t ĉiu vorto aŭ mallongigo
(resp. kup. valoras 8<t).  Komerca anonco:  10? vorto,  ripetado 6? vorto,
Germanujo. Esperantista Rondo Gimnazia, 313 Luchow, Gymnasium,-Ger-
many. Ses Ĉarmaj  16-j. gimnazianinoj dez. kor. kun-aliaj  landoj.
Germanujo. S-ro Robert Gleich, Burrweiler/P falz, Germany. 15 geknaboj
12-20-j., dez. kor. kaj inters. PM kun Esperantistoj tutmondaj.
Italujo. S-ro Karl-Heinz Renschler, Via Crisancio 171 f., Bart, Italy. Ser-
Ĉas koresp. por 100 geknaboj (lernantoj de mezgrada lernejo) inter 11
kaj 14 jaroj. Krome por 15 plenkresk. 20-35-j. Respondoj garantiitaj.
Koreujo. S-ro Byung Yeon Zeon, Gen. Sekretario de KEI, 107, 21-Ban,
5-Ka; Tae Pyung Dong; Taegu, South Korea. Li estas Ĝen. Sek. de
Korea Esperanto-Instituto, kaj gvidas 50 gestudentojn el 3 altlernejoj,
kiuj dez. kor. kun gesamideanoj en Usono, per ilust. PK, leteroj, ktp.
Hi ankaŭ dankos pro sendajoj de Esp-gazetoj kaj aliaj Esperantaĵoj.
Skribu multnombre al la junuloj pere de la Sekretario.
Usono. Duodecimal Society of America, 20 Carlton PL, Staten Island 4,
N. Y. Petu senpagan informon pri la "Duodecimal System", t.e. la
12-Bazo en nombroj, pezoj, kaj mezuroj. Oni skribas Esperante.
Usono. Esperanto Ass'n of N.A., 1837 N.E. 49 Ave., Portland 13, Ore.,
USA. Ni tre bezonas ekzempleron de "Literatura Mondo", januaro 1933,
por la EANA Biblioteko. Ni volonte pagos tre liberale per valoraj
libroj aŭ/kaj ekzempleroj de AE, se vi povas provizi tiun "LM" al la
Biblioteko.  Citu literaturon aŭ prezon deziratan.
Sperta Traduka Servo - Esperanto-Angl'a au Angla-Esperanta
1NTERPARL, P.O. Box 213, Monroeville, Pennsylvania, USA. Ni tra-
dukas resumojn, leterojn, artikolojn, librojn, de Esperanta en Anglan aŭ
Anglaen Esperantan. Teknika, komerca aŭ literatura temoj. Po $3 porciu
100 vortoj, po $12 por Ciu 1000 vortoj. Sperta kaj senerara servo.
,     86
POPULAR   ESPERANTO   BOOKS
The Esperanto Book Service, official book service of EANA, is fully equipped to
supply ALL your book needs. Here are a few titles. Write to the address below for
complete book lists. Place all your orders with the "Esperanto Book Service."
ESPERANTO FOR BEGINNERS, Butler, easiest concise text, 28 p..............  $  .15
THE ESPERANTO TEACHER, Stuttard, an excel low-cost textbook, 106 p.....'     .'50
POPULARA LERNOLIBRO, Kokeny, LEARNER'S AID. Dodge, excel set 2 bks:
Best easy graded Reader, and English Key & Guide to Grammar,  106 p.  SET     .70
ESSENTIAL ESPERANTO,   Gething, good new standard textbook, 128 p..Cloth   2 50
STEP BY STEP IN ESPERANTO, Butler, easy "non-gram, method", 280 p. Cloth   1.85
ESPERANTO: THE WORLD 1NTERLANGUAGE,  Connor-Solzbacher-Kao, best,
"6-bks-in-l", history, textbook, reader, directory,  2 diets.  245 p.........Cloth   3.50
NIXON ESPERANTO VOCABULARY, Eng-Esp & Esp-Eng, beginner diet. 178 p.     .75
EDINBURGH DICTIONARY, Esp-Eng & Eng-Esp, best handy diet. 300 p..Cloth   1.50
MILLIDGE DICTIONARY. Esperanto-English,  best BIG Esp-Eng, 509 p...Cloth    2.50
FULCHER & LONG DICT, English-Esperanto, best BIG Eng-Esp, 352 p..Cloth   3.35
PLENA VORTARO DE ESP, all-Esp, with 'Suplemento', complete, 584 p..Cloth   3.35
TALKING YOUR WAY AROUND THE WORLD, Pro/. Pei, account in Eng, 224 p.     .50
ONE LANGUAGE FOR THE WORLD, Prof. Pei, "how to achieve it", 307 p.Cloth  5.00
WORLD'S CHIEF LANGUAGES, Pro/. Pei, all langs, incl. Esp. 663 p.....Cloth   6.75
SAY IT IN ESPERANTO, Connor, Eng & Esp,  1000 modern Esp phrases,  160 p.     .75
NAŬLINGVA ETIMOLOGIA LEKSIKONO, Bastien. Esp & 8 langs,  334 p..Cloth    2.35
FUNDAMENTA KRESTOMATIO, Zamenhof, basic Esp vol, 442 p....Deluxe BD   3.50
LINGVO KAJ VIVO, Waringhien, "Esperantologiaj Eseoj", must, 452 p....Cloth   4.80
PLANLINGVA] PROBLEMO], Gilbert, compares Esp. with "projects",  100 p..   1.25
ORA LIBRO DE ESP.  MOVADO, richly ilust. bk of 1st 50 yrs of Esp, 240 p....   1.75
ESPERANTISMO, Braga,  Esp miscellany, topics in best Esp style,  32 p..........25
VIVO DE ZAMENHOF, Privat, remarkable story of his life, ilust,   133 p...Cloth   1.15
LA SANKTA BIBL10, "The best reader", bound in art vellum, 996 p.......Cloth   2.50
ESPERO INTERNACIA,  240 religious songs, full music notes, 230 p..Card BD     .75
KARLO,  Privat, very popular easy first reader, life of young man, 47 p...........30
ESPERANTO-SORTIMENTO, good reading at low cost, 5 books, reg.  30? each:
Akrobato, Blanche, Arĝenta Akvo, Miserere, Thais, Rozujo, over 200 p........   1.00
TRI HOMO] EN BOATO, Jerome, popular, easy,  amusing,  big novel,  258 p......   1.50
PROVERBARO ESPERANTA, Zamenhof, with a full analytical index, 167 p....   1.70
MARIA KA] LA GRUPO,  Emba, excel orig novel re Marie & Esp Club,   172 p...     .85
MUZIK-NOTOJ, Baghy 6 Kalocsay,   10 songs, words & music complete, 34 p...     .35
ROMA] ELEGIOJ & LA TAGLIBRO, Goethe (Kalocsay), amatory poems, 80 p..     .65
SVISA ANTOLOGIO,  ed.  Bauer,  from 4 langs,  top best anthology,  BIG SAO p...   3.95
AMO EN LA JARO DEKMIL, Elola, novel, love's hidden power,  351 p....Bound   1.25
ANSTATAŬA EDZINO, Maxwell,  novel, love intrique & escape,  212 p....Bound    1.15
ALASKA STAFETO (& Kaptitaj de la Glacirokoj), Omelka, excel, 96 p....Cloth   1. 15
GOSTA BERLING, LagerlSf, exciting famed Swedish classic,  552 p........Cloth   3.50
LA MARVIR1NETO, Andersen's fairy tale, deluxe ilust LARGE,  78 big p.Cloth   2.40
LA VERDA RAKETO, Forge, 9 orig novels,  some re Esperanto,  150 p.....Cloth   2.40
PORINFANA SERIO,   10 most beautiful illust. children's books, each 16 p......   2.50
SET OF 20 RARE KEYS, unique large rare set of 20 different languages.........   3.00
YEARLY  COLLECTIONS  "AMERIKA ESPERANT1STO", complete,  beginning
1944 to and including  1961 (except'48 and '59). Choose any  1 year,  SI.50;
3 or more years, ea.  $1.00;  ALL   16 years complete since publication began,
ea. 75? (only Z12 for-ALL). Magazines shipped fr.  EANA office, Portland.... 12.00
ENAMEL GREEN STAR,  Esperanto insignia — button, brooch or tie pin, each..     .50
INDIAN BEAD STAR,  truly a real  'jewel', orig $1,   1   1/4" dia, safety catch......85
ESPERANTO PENNANT, quality felt with Star & "Esperanto", 9" long 4" base     .30
Esperanto Book  Service, Williamsburg P.O. Box 315,
Brooklyn,  New York   11211
"SAY   IT   IN   ESPERANTO"
by G. Alan and Doris T. Connor
Tells You What to Say and How to Say it!
You'll be delighted by the ease with which
you'll immediately be saying whole phrases in
Esperanto. Practice ordering meals, renting
rooms, driving a car, going to a doctor, going
shopping, etc., by using this handy manual.
5 V* x 3 Vi in. for purse or pocket. Over 1000
phrases, many never before translated into Es-
peranto.   A complete index with unique numbering system so
that you find the phrase you want instantly. A quality product
with strong covers and sewn back.   A guide to conversation,
with summary of grammar.  Useful in Esperanto courses.
// is a thoughtful, useful gift for friends, too!
Those who receive it will find much interest in learning to
say useful phrases in Esperanto; and will want to go on to
a mastery of the interlanguage.  Order them in quantity!
Price only 754 each, discounts to groups & dealers.
Published by Dover Publications, Inc.   Order from EANA.
1
LINGUAPHONE HOME STUDY COURSES
You can learn ESPERANTO, or any other language listed
below, by the world-renowned Linguaphone Ear-Eye Method.
Order through the Esperanto Ass'n of N.A. for benefits to both
yourself and your Esperanto Central Office.  You may select:
Esperanto	Russian	Swedish	Persian
Italian	Finnish	Hebrew	Hausa
Irish	Arabic	Bengali	Spanish
Polish	Japanese	Greek	Dutch
Chinese	Latin	German	Afrikaans
Malay	French	Czech	Hindustani
English	Portuguese	Norwegian	Effik
Regular list price for Esperanto, complete course, is $57.50.
Most other languages are priced the same. A few higher, a few
lower — dependent upon number of records and other factors.
Write to Esperanto Ass'n of N. A. about any language in which
you are interested. Special payments for members of EANA.
Esperanto Ass'n of N.A., 1837 N.E. 49 Ave., Portland 13, Ore.