me
North American
Esperanto Review
Honore al D-ro Zamenhof
In Honor of Dr. Zamenhof
NORDAMERIKA ESPERANTO-ReVUO
Novembro - Decembro • 1959
TJw North American Esperanto Review      The Review not only permits, but in-
(Nordamerika Esperanto-Remw)             vites> rePrintinS of material from its pages,
except where special notice, such as notice
2116 North 35th St., Seattle 3, Wash.,       of copyright, appears.
U. S. A.
Vol. 7 No. 6.                    Nov.-Dec.  1959        La Revuo m nur P^rmesas, sed invitas,
represon, escepte Me apsras speciala nolo
Editor: F. R. Carlson                    limiga pri kopiado.
CONTENTS  (English)                Page
Lazar Ludvik Zamenhof    ......................      7
CRISIS (an editorial)     ........................       8
Esperanto in North America    . .   ....    ...   .......     10
Officers of ELNA    .............................     12
Local Addresses     ..............................     14
Grammar and Pronunciation    ......  Inside Back Cover
ENHAVD (Esperanta)
45a Universala Kongreso de Esperanto      .........        7
Nia Literature     ...............................      9
En la Hejmo de Zamenhof     .....................     11
Bonvolu Skribi     ...............................     12
Lokaj Adresoj    ..................:   ............     14
Freĉjo kaj la Homoj de Marso    ..................     15
Konu Viajn Gesamideanojn    ....................     17
Semantika Genieco     ...........................     17
Kelkaj Datoj el la Vivo kaj Verkado de Zamenhof ..     18
Memore al Zamenhof     .........................     20
This issue of the Review is dedicated to the memory of Dr. L. L. Zamenhof on the
occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth. May Ms memory ever remain as green
as the star which is the symbol of Ms work.
Ĝi tiu numero de la Revuo estas dediĉita al la memoro de Doktoro L, L. Zamenhof je la
okazo de la centjara datreveno de Ka naskiĝtago.   La memoro pri li ĉiam resiu tiel verda
Mel la stelo, Mil simbolas lian lingvon.
*
Iiazar • Bidoik • Zamenhof
On the occasion of the centenary of his birth.
By  PROFESSOR  G.  WARINGHIEN
AMENHOF came from a Jewish family believed to have been expelled from
Spain in 1492, which emigrated at  the beginning of the Nineteenth Century
-i   from Bavaria (possibly from the village of Samhof) to Tykotsin in Russian
Poland, where Mordecai Marcus Samenhof was born on the twenty-seventh of January,
in the year 1837. The latter, like his father               ~~
before him, became a private tutor of Ger-     HIS CAREER       The eldest son had been
man and French. But he had greater am-                               born in Byalistok on the
bitions. In the industrial town of Bialy-     fifteenth of December, 1859, and was given
stok to which he had migrated, he became     the Hebrew name of ' El'azar,' reproduced
a pioneer in the educational movement     in Russian documents as 'Lazar.' Follow-
whose aims were to terminate Jewish ritual     ing the usual practice, a second Christian
isolation and encourage Jews to partici-     name was added with the same initial letter,
pate in modern cultural activities. In ad-     'Ludovik.' Between 1869 and 1873, the
dition, he planned for himself a govern-     boy was a pupil at the "real" grammar
ment career which he achieved, in spite of     school in Byalistok and from December,
his Jewish origin, thanks to his iron will.     1873, to July, 1879, he was at the Philo-
To further his plans, he moved in Decern-    logical High School in Warsaw. After study-
ber, 1873, to Warsaw, the capital, where     ing for two years at the Medical Faculty
he was soon nominated German master in     in Moscow and for four years at that in
the  " realgymnasium"  grammar school.     Warsaw, he received his medical diploma
He crowned this promotion by being chosen     but, as he was too susceptible to the suf-
government censor for Hebrew and Yid-     ferings of the sick and the dying, he decided,
dish publications in Warsaw in 1878. He     after practising for a short while, to take
was a pedantic man, scrupulous, severe     up the special branch of ophthalmology,
and careful.  In addition  to his official     and went to Vienna in 1886 to study it
duties, he still found time to supervise the     thoroughly. He married in 1887, and for
studies of some pupils who boarded with     the next ten years, first in Warsaw, then
him. He had eight children of his own to     in Kherson,  Grodno  and  other places,
whom he gave a middle class education,     endeavored to build up a practice large
Of his four sons, three became doctors of     enough to support his family. At the be-
medicine and one a pharmacist, almost the     ginning of 1898, he settled for good in the
only intellectual careers then open to Jews     Warsaw ghetto, where he was to practise
in Russia.                                                       until his death on the fourteenth of April,
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER    .     1959                                 NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW           i
1917. This medical career, although it was     express itself only in a dead language or in
followed conscientiously and devotedly,     an   adopted   one   and  which,   scattered
brought him more worry than profit. The     amongst the nations, could not enjoy the
poverty of his clients meant that every     rights which other nationalities had; edu-
day he had to see thirty or forty of them     catecl to believe the enlightened principle
and then only received sufficient money     that all men are brothers with equal rights,
to secure a modest existence for his family     his innate idealism inspired in him  an
(He had three children). In any case, his     abiding vision of the unity of mankind in
practice formed only a subsidiary part of     harmony and equality. And, because of
his activities.                                                  his natural gift for languages, such a vision
quickly became identical with the vision
of a universal language which, non-national
HIS CHARACTER         The young Zamenhof     and neutral, would give back to Jews their
was very intelligent     independence   and   allow   all   groups   of
and very hardworking, always top in his     people to understand one another better,
classes, and all his school friends predicted
a brilliant and successful future for him.
He had a special gift for languages. He     H!S FIRST ATTEMPTS Zamenhof was
spoke three with ease (Russian, Polish and                                             already seriously
German), and three he could read fluently     considering this vision while still at school.
(Latin, Hebrew and French), without men-     With the natural development of his ideas,
tioning Yiddish, a dialect which he studied     unconsciously retracing the path of many
for two years and for which he completed     previous Utopian visionaries, the boy
a detailed grammar. He had a cursory     thought first of reviving the already cle-
and more theoretical knowledge of English,     funct language of Latin, then of a language
Italian and several other languages. But     entirely unrelated to any existing language,
he always looked on Russian as his own     whose words would be formed from math-
tongue (it was only in Russian and Esper-     ematical series of all the pronounceable
anto that he ever wrote any poetry), and     combinations of letters (a, aa, ab, ac . . .,
he thought of Lithuania as his native     ba, ca, da, etc.). But, and here is where
country, (probably because he had passed     his genius showed itself, he put each new
his happiest holidays in Vejseje).                   system he thought of to a thorough prac-
This knowledge of many languages was     tical test and, when he had realized its
only the natural reflection of the circum-     deficiencies, he courageously looked for
stances in which he lived. These could not     something else instead of blindly and ob-
clo other than influence such a sensitive     stinately plodding down a blind alley, as
boy's thinking, especially when combined     those interested in international language
with the ineradicable traces of Hebrew     had always done before him. His studies of
mysticism and his inherited belief in the     English taught him that the rich conju-
missionary task of his people. Living from     gations and declinations of ancient and
childhood in the midst of a mixed popu-     Slavic languages were not at all necessary,
lation, (the inhabitants of Byalistok in     A thorough examination of Russian and
1897 were 66% Jews, 18% Poles, 8% Rus-     German showed him how a wise choice of
sians, 6% Germans, and 2% White Rus-     suitable affixes could reduce the size of the
sians); belonging to a race which could     vocabulary. Polish and German revealed
9           NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW                                 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER    .     1959
to him the existence of a treasury of inter-     would satisfy, if only partially, all the de-
nationally known roots ready for the using,     mands of a language designed for all men
German and French proved the usefulness     and all possible purposes. In 1885, the
of the definite article which the Slavic     year in which he received his doctorate, he
languages did not have. From everything     had already stabilized Esperanto as we
he studied he drew some   fruitful lesson     know it today in vocabulary and grammar.
for his beloved project and, during his     The two years which passed in the vain
1878 vacation, he finished the draft of his     search for a publisher before he finally
language  under  the  name  of   "Lingwe     decided to publish his work himself on the
Uniwersala" ... a grammar, a dictionary,     twenty-sixth of July,  1887, showed him
some translations and even original verses     the difficulties he could expect in its pro-
in the new language. But what the sixth-     P^n. He relinquished the imperfect
form schoolboy thought was a finished     te™l ^11?11^' m "^ uand sefral suffixes
product presented only the first of the     ^llch dld not seem absolutely necessary.
,         i • ,          xiiu'+T?           +        He was conscious of the essential require-
steps which were to lead mm to Esperanto.            , ,,   , ,,    ,                 ,     . 1         1
ment that the language should appear as
Little has been preserved of these early     sjmple as possible
forms of Esperanto. Only two are known
to us in any detail, that of the high school
project of 1878, and that of the new pro-     THE BIRTH OF ESPERANTO With four
ject developed during the vacations of                                                     booklets in
1881 and 1882 by the Warsaw student.     Russian, Polish, French and German re-
The earlier one shows the young linguist     spectively and under the pseudonym: "Dr.
paying particular attention to the inter-     Esperanto" (a name later transferred to
national nature of roots and endings (plural     the language itself!) he set out his project
in -s, infinitive -are, etc.) and to the sim-     of an "international language" for the
plicity of the grammar (no cases). In the     criticism of experts, promising that, in a
later project, we notice that, on trying out     year's time, he would perfect it in accord-
his language further and speaking it, he had     ance with any improvements suggested.
become conscious of other requirements,     He sent these booklets to many European
in particular, the need for beauty of sound     newspapers, magazines and societies. He
(and from then on he gave up the inter-     advertised by notices in Russian and
national -s plural ending) and for clarit}^     Polish periodicals. Using, with her ap-
of meaning (and from then on he adopted     proval, his bride's dowry, he launched a
an accusative case); but, as often happens,     whole series of books in the years 1888
he pushed his search for ease in speech to     and 1889, among them the "Dua Libro"
the other extreme, deciding, for example,     (Second Book), "Aldono al la Dua Libro"
to have only one sjdlable in all frequently-     (Supplement to the Second Book), "La
used roots; as a result of which this form     Neĝa Blovado" ("The Snowstorm" by
of his language contained many unaccept-     Pushkin) and "La Gefratoj " ("Die Ge-
able mutilations which made it almost im-     schwister" by Goethe), which were, re-
possible to understand at first sight,     spectively, a short story and a comedy
Between the years of 1882 and 1885, he     translated into Esperanto by A. Grabow-
eviclently felt he had gone too far, and he     ski. They also included translations of the
tried to find a compromise solution which     "Dua Libro" and the "Aldono", an inter-
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER    .     1959                                 NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW           o
mediate German-Esperanto dictionary, a     Language lasted from 1905 to his death in
large Russian-Esperanto dictionary, text-     1917. It was made possible by the spare
books'in English and Swedish, "Princino     time granted to him as a result of the in-
Mary" ("Princess Mary," a story by Ler-     creased profits of his publications and
montov translated from Russian into Es-    especially the royalties on his contribu-
peranto by E. vonWahl), and an address     tions to "La Revuo" ("The Review")
book of students of the new language. He     which had been brought into being by the
also provided the money necessary for     firm of Hachette in Paris, thanks to the
publishing the publicity material of L.     influence of Charles Bourlet. It took main-
Einstein in Germany and of H. Philips in     ly three forms: writings on linguistic mat-
America. At the end of 1889, he had ex-     ters, translations and ideological essays,
haustecl his capital as a result of this great        The author's prudence and tolerance
activity in print and also because of the     are particularly noticeable in his works on
sacrifice of a large sum of money which he     linguistic questions. Zamenhof provided
paid away in order to protect his father     only the minimum, a grammar of sixteen
from the rancour of a Moscow censor,     rules and a vocabulary of 917 roots, to
From that time on, although he remained     begin with, "leaving all else to unrestrict-
the prime mover of the movement until     ed gradual elaboration." He always avoided
1905, propaganda depended for material     adding new rules to this primitive basic
on the first enthusiasts and their financial     structure; he was afraid of any definition
resources.                                                       which might become a fetter. On almost
What did the new language seem like as     every page of his "Lingvaj Responcloj "
then presented? Three characteristics     ("Linguistic Replies" collected in book
struck the observer immediately. (1) It     form in 1912) there is found the same atti-
was, in its choice of roots and affixes,     tude:" Only usage will gradually elaborate
drawn mainly from Romance and Ger-     definite rules . . . The time has not yet
manic languages, but really international     come for us to be pedantic ... We must
and easily intelligible to educated persons,     not try to make our language too exact, as
(2) All its roots were unvarying, all its     that would mean fettering ourselves . . .
grammatical distinctions were expressed     On occasions where a little liberty does no
by detachable phonetic elements, and its     harm, why should we tie ourselves down
words consisted only of the combination     needlessly?" etc., etc.
of these roots and these elements, so that        But this toleration whose aim was to
the complete language, grammar as well    make the development of Esperanto a
as vocabulary, could be found in the die-     really collective undertaking was only pos-
tionary and understood even by a person     sible because the basic structure of the
who had never learned it. (3) This language,     language was firmly established and un-
although composed of particles from na-    shakable. This he achieved by procuring a
tional languages, was fully independent     character of inviolacy for the three works
and had its own individuality.                       "Plena  Gramatiko",   "Ekzercaro"  and
"Universala Vortaro" which he collected
ZAMENHOF AS A LiNGUIST      The second     together in 1905 under the title of " Fund-
part of Za-     amento cle Esperanto" ("Foundations of
menhof's activity for the International     Esperanto"). So that any language may
A           NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW                                 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER    .     1959
grow and develop normally, there must be
some powerful force of inertia in it which
preserves the permanence and stability of
the main elements of the language in a
convenient manner. Without this essential
condition mutual understanding breaks
down. In national languages, the tradition
of centuries acts as this force of inertia. In
Esperanto, where such a tradition did not
exist, Zamenhof replaced it by the "Fund-
amento" with its character of inviolacy.
This linguistic taboo was, next to the actual
creation of Esperanto, the most ingenious
inspiration of its author. It guaranteed
that the language would have the power to
develop without risk so that the reader of
the recently published Anthology of Origi-
nal Esperanto Poetry, 1887 - 1957, exper-
iences no difficulty whatever in under-
standing the poem he is reading, no matter
when it was written.
ZAMENHOF AS A TRANSLATOR His trans-
lations rep-
sent the most extensive and important
part of the works of Zamenhof. His first
translation (Dickens' The Battle of Life),
although it was published in serial form in
1891, did not have a great influence, as it
was published in book form only in 1911.
But the second one (Shakespeare's Hamlet)
which he published in 1894 and republish-
ed in 1902 in Paris, enjoyed an unparallel-
ed influence and was more effective in
spreading knowledge of the language
than all the most ingenious theoretical
exhortations. His retort to the criticisms
of those who wanted to "improve" the
language was to prove in a brilliant
manner how suitable Esperanto was even
for literary tasks. He took up this fruitful
occupation again only after the establish-
ment of "La Revuo" for which he under-
took the systematic translation of impor-
tant literary works. There thus appeared
one after another: Gogol's Government In-
spector (1907), Ecclesiastes from the Bible
(1907), Mohere's George Dandin (1908),
Goethe's Iphigenia (1908), Schiller's The
Robbers (1908), Psalms from the Bible
(1908), Heine's The Rabbi of Bacharach
(1909), Aleichem's High School (1909),
Eliza Orzesko's Martha (1910), Esperanto
Proverbs (1910) and the five books Genesis
(1911), Exodus, Leviticus (1912), Numbers
and Deuteronomy (1914) from the Bible.
At his death Zamenhof left, in manu-
script form, the complete translation of
Andersen's Fairy Tales, (three volumes
being later published at intervals between
1923 and 1932), and the whole of the Old
Testament, (published in 1926 by the
British and Foreign Bible Society, London).
One can only marvel at the number and
extent of these translations, particularly
in the years 1907 - 1909. Probably some of
them were already to hand; but the speed
of his translation remains extraordinary.
Remembering that he could work only in
the evenings after a long and tiring day,
one may well ask how he managed to pro-
duce, for example, the verse translation of
"Iphigenia" in the course of four months
(March to June, 1908). Of course, such a
speed was not without its drawbacks, but
it also had its advantages. The translations
kept a vigorous flowing style without any
flavor of the study. And their value was
particularly great for the evolution of the
language. They effectively proved to all
those that said otherwise that Esperanto
could serve as a language for the untram-
melled expression of all the works of genius
in the world's literature. They contributed
to the enrichment of the language's vocab-
ulary as the translator was compelled to
reproduce the occasional subtle shades of
meanings in the masterpieces of literature.
They helped the development of style by
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
forcing the writer to endeavor in one way    which seemed to him the only form of
or another to translate those expressions     creed acceptable to all peoples and all
which every language must possess. They     churches. In this way he provided the lan-
helped the progress of Esperanto to in-     guage with a unifying and sustaining
creasing elasticity and flexibility, forever    ideology. If today, more than forty years
reminding the writer that "our language     after the death of Zamenhof, the Esper-
must serve not only for documents and     anto movement can still arouse so much
contracts but also for life". Finally, they     admirable devotion, attachment and even
stabilized and established idiomatic expres-     self-sacrifice, this is due to the genius of its
sions, presenting an enormous quantity     initiator who knew that there is no great
of word forms and compounds, phrases,     and fruitful human activity without some
metaphors and proverbs, a common treas-     internal warmth of feeling, without some
ury of ready-made turns of speech which     heart-stirring ideal. So, year after year,
lexicographers have collected into their    from 1905 to 1912, he aroused the assem-
dictionaries and which writers use for the    bled congress to think of all the great
greater unity and cohesion of the language,     questions, all the great problems, which
One would not exaggerate the role of Za-     life had set before this unprecedented
menhof's translations if one were to say     social linguistic movement, and the high
that, without them, Esperanto would not     aims to which it must aspire. The collec-
really be a fact; it would be the pale ghost     tion of these congress speeches (arranged
of a theory like other projects. With his    in Japan by Tasku Sasaki and Juntaro
grammatical writings and dictionaries,     Iwshita in 1932), is stirring and elevating
Zamenhof had built the skeleton of the     reading, one of those few works which
language.  By his persistent  translation     honor mankind.
work he clothed that skeleton with vigorous        jillt;  with time,  this role  0f mentor
sanguine flesh. The soul can be looked for     seemecj to him so important that he de-
in his original writings.                                  cjcied> in  1912j to leave the destiny of
Esperanto in the hands of its by then well-
ZAMENHOF AS A THINKEi        The growth     proven Language Committee and devote
of the move-     himself to purely ideological activity. He
ment and the enterprise of several French-     attempted by various improved schemes
men, among them Michaux and Bourlet,     (Hillelism, Homaranism) to find a common
brought about in Boulogne in 1905, for     ground for agreement between all sincere
the first time in human history, a congress     believers, whether they belonged to a
of people of different nationalities who     church or organized religion or whether
could speak the same language and feel     they were free-thinkers. He studied the
themselves equally entitled to speak it. It     terrible problem of racialism in a remark-
was for Zamenhof an opportunity to insist     able "Memoir for the Congress of Races "
on the moral and social value of this human     (1911), in which he demonstrated that the
achievement. The next year, in Geneva,     main cause of racial hatred was the mutual
he expressed to the congress his profound     distrust brought forth by difference of
conviction that the International Language     language and religion. In 1914 he wanted
was, above all, a means of drawing people     to use the occasion of the Universal Esper-
closer to one another and exalting that     anto Congress in Paris for the purpose of
humanity,   that  universal  brotherhood,     convening a "Congress of Neutral Rel-
a           NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW                                 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER    •     1959
igion" there, which would define the prin-
ciples of a purely spiritual religion in ac-
cordance with the teachings of the last
prophet of his race:ilNeither in this moun-
tain nor in Jerusalem . . . but in spirit and
in truth." In 1915, in the midst of the
storms of the First World War, he wrote
an important "Appeal to Diplomats,"
warning them that the chief cause of
every war had always been "the rule of
one set of people over others", and that
their principal duty at any future peace
treaty was to guarantee to all races equality
and liberty in the countries where they
lived, as that was the only way of bringing
about fraternity.
Such were the last efforts of this great
heart which, throughout his life, truly beat
only for the good of mankind and the
coming of the rule of peace.
ZAMENHOF AS A MAN        Zamenhof was
short in stature,
with a short brownish grey beard and a
prematurely bald head. He wore glasses to
correct his short sight. He was not an
orator and mispronounced the sibilant
consonants. He smoked a great deal, main-
ly cigarettes. From about the year 1900,
he began to suffer from cardiac weakness
and circulatory failure in his feet. There-
fore, when his income permitted it, he
visited German spas: Bad-Reinerz (1906,
1909), Bad Nauheim (1907), Bad Kissin-
gen (1911), Bad Salzbrunn (1912), Bad
Neuenahr (1913).
He was, like his father, pedantically tidy
in everyday life, innocent in business mat-
ters, shy in public, averse to all official
ceremonies. Naturally modest and peace-
able, he tried to calm down any discord
around him and never showed any resent-
ment towards those who hurt his feelings.
He was one of those rare men who have
played an important international role and
yet have nothing to fear from the publi-
cation of their entire correspondence: it
reveals only his innate courtesy and his
high sense of justice.
But the most important traits of his
character were the willingness with which
he sacrificed everything for his ideals and
the patient stubbornness with which he
pushed aside all the obstacles which stood
in the way of their realization. He drew
both this willingness and this patience
from the truly immeasurable store of love
which urged him to devote all the strength
of his mind and body to bringing all the
aid he could to a humanity which had be-
come both physically and morally blind.
A document of the Research and Documentation Centre, Universal Esperanto Association.
Translated from the original Esperanto by Edward Ockey (London, May 6, 1959).
45-a  Universala  Kongreso de Esperanto
Broselo, Belgujo-30,7^6, 8,1960
Sub la Alta Protektado de
L. M. Baudouin, reĝo de Belgujo
Usona Peranto:    Dirk Brink, Box 5953,
Metro Station, Los Angeles 55, Calif.
La kotizoj por la 45-a Universala Kon-
greso de Esperanto en Bruselo por la pe-
riodo ĝis 31-ade decembro 1959 estas jene
fiksitaj:
kongresano................... $9.00
edz/in/o de kongresano......... 4.50
junul/in/o ĝis 20 jaroj kaj
studentoj...............
Rabato por Individua Membro
de UEA................
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vidua Membro.............50
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NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
100 Years and-
CI
One hundred years have passed since the birth of Dr. Zamenhof. Before thirty of
those hundred years had passed, Zamenhof gave to the world the boon of a workable
international language.
Since that time, we Esperantists have been working as practical idealists to con-
vince the world that the strains of an international community can be eased, the rela-
tions among the peoples of the world improved, through the use of this simple auxiliary
language. We have worked, with what energy and resources we could spare from more
pressing personal concerns, for a better life for humanity.
But now, after 100 years, the problems of the world are not problems for practical
idealists, for "amiable do-gooders" who work in spare time for the betterment of hu-
manity.
The need now is for desperate men, working with all their might for the sur-
vival of humanity!
The problems of international relations are no longer merely threats to the peace
and security, the well-being, the freedom or the lives of a few million people. They
now threaten the extinction of the human race.
Solutions must be found. Ways must be found to live in the same world while we
work out the solutions.
The Esperanto movement cannot provide the solutions to the problems of a
frightened world. But in Esperanto we have the indispensable tool for the forging of
solutions. For solutions can be found only by a concerted will to work things out to-
gether, of all the peoples of the world. And only a neutral auxiliary international lan-
guage, as simple and as homely, as natural and as foreign, to one people as to another,
can make possible this common thinking out of common problems.
Let us then, in this Centennial Year, rededicate ourselves —as desperate, fright-
ened men—to the proposition that the peoples of the world shall survive, in peace and
understanding of one another, to celebrate the Bicentennial.
— the editor
8
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW                                 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER    .     1959
Nia Literaturo
Literatura Redaktoro: D. B. Richardson,
8412 North Mullen, T a coma 7, Washington
Klare, la Esperanta literaturo havas
kiel bazon la verkojn de unu sola homo.
Same memevidente estas, ke la tuta Es-
peranta lingvo kaj ĝia kulturo ripozas, en
granda mezuro, sur tiu sama bazo; car ni
plej ĝuste ne diru, ke Zamenhof "el pen-
sis", aŭ eĉ ke li "kreis" Esperanton; sedli
fakte verkis lalingvon kaj, kielĝian integ-
ralan parton, ankaŭ la bazon por ĝia li-
teraturo.
Tial ni Esperantistoj, egale ĉu ni volas
mem verki en la lingvo aŭ ĉu ni volas nur
legi nian literaturon kun plejeble multe da
komprenemo, ricevante la plej multe da
plezuro kaj prilumiĝo, ni devas konstante
turni kaj returni nin al la verkoj de nia
majstro.
Tri libroj devus havi la unuajn lokojn
en la libraro de serioza Esperantisto. Hi
estas: La Fundament a Krestomatio, Origi-
nala Verkaro, kaj La Sankta Biblio. La
Krestomatio enhavas originalajn kaj tra-
dukitajn verkaĵojn aŭ el la plumo de Za-
menhof mem, au de li kontrolitaj kaj
aprobitaj. Ne nur la lingvo-gramitiko sed
la tono. la ritmo, la tuta karaktero de la
lingvo —ĉio, kion ni nomas la "spirito" de
Esperanto — evidentiĝas al ni sur la paĝoj
de la Krestomatio.
La Originala Verkaro estas principe al-
clonaĵo, aŭ daŭrigo, de la Krestomatio, en-
tenante personajn leterojn kaj gazetarti-
kolojn de Zamenhof, ankaŭ publikajn pa-
roladojn liajn. Gia utilo estas, ke ĝi mon-
tras ankaŭ la praktikan, "ciutagan"
uzadon de Esperanto, kompare kun la
literatura.
Kaj trie, la Biblio estas rekomendinda,
tute aparte de ĝia religia signifo, car ĝi in-
dikas la vastecon de la esprimpovo de nia
lingvo. Gi estis la unua, kaj dumlonge la
ĉefa, traduko de kiu ajn grava librolonga
verko el in nacia literaturo. Ni povas no-
mi gin la prototipo de la Esperanta tradu-
kita literaturo.
La konata pioniro de Esperanto en
Usono, William G. Adams, skribis por la
Revuo nelonge antaŭ sia morto:
"La Biblio estas . . . libraro en si mem:
antologio de la historio, legendoj, filozofio
kaj poezio de la malnova hebrea raso. Es-
tas aparte notinde, kiel la Esperanta tek-
sto konservas, pli ol la anglalingva, la
poezion de la originalaĵo en libroj kial
I job, Psalmaro, kaj Alta Kanto de Salo-
mono."
La tri nomitaj eldonaĵoj estas ankoraŭ
aceteblaj en Esperantujo. Aliaj verkoj de
Zamenhof, kiujn devus posedi la serioza
studanto de Esperanta literaturo sed kiuj,
bedaŭrinde, estas malfacile trovataj, in-
kluzivas: Fabeloj de Andersen, en 2 vo-
lumoj; Proverbaro Esperanta; Lingvaj
Respondoj; tradukojn de la teatraĵoj
Hamleto, Georgo Dandin, Ifgenio en Taŭ-
rido, La Rabistoj, La Revizoro; kaj tradu-
kojn de La Batalo de l'Vivo, (de Dickens),
La Rabeno de Baĥarah (Heine) La Gim-
nazio (Ŝalom Alejhem) kaj Marta (Or-
zesko).
La literaturo de Zamenhof estis eble
primitiva. Ĝi estis neniel, pro tio, malpli
sentema aŭ sentiga. Efektive, la literaturo
de Zamenhof estis ja la viviga spiro, per
kiu lia ĉefa verko — Esperanto mem —po-
vis ekvivi kaj flori.
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
9
Esperanto in North America
SASKATCHEWAN, Can.—The Provin-
cial Convention of the CCF, party in
power in Saskatchewan, has adopted as
part of its program a resolution "that con-
sideration be given to having Esperanto
taught in the high schools."
—*"k—
PETERS TOWNSHIP, Pa. - The News
Progress, Oct. 29, reported a beginners'
class and an advanced class in Esperanto,
taught at Peters Township High School
by Frans Jahger. Mr. Jahger is also teach-
ing Esperanto to a group of 27 Junior
High students.
-*-
BOSTON, Mass. — In a display of trans-
lations of the Bible at the Park Street
Church, the Esperanto version was first in
the top row.
—iz~
MEADVILLE, Pa. — The Esperanto
Study Group displayed Esperanto travel
posters and literature in the show win-
dows (on two streets) of DePascale's Trav-
el Agency.
-•-
NEW YORK, N. Y.- The Esperanto So-
ciety of Greater New York will hold a
public meeting in honor of Dr. Zamenhof
on Dec. 17 at Freedom House, across the
street from the Central Library. Speakers
will be: Dr. Mario Pel, member of the In-
ternational Patrons Committee for the
Zamenhof Year; Dr. Stephen Zamenhof,
nephew of the founder of Esperanto; M.
Claude Piron, president of the UNO Es-
peranto Club, and Mr. Fugisawa from Ja-
pan. The city library has loaned for the
meeting its Display on International Lan-
guages, prepared in honor of the Zamen-
hof Centennial.
SAN RAFAEL, Calif. — The newly formed
Esperanto Society of Marin, Inc., is con-
ducting a very successful Esperanto class
under the auspices of the Marin Jewish
Community Center. Werner Hebenstreit
and Bill Walker alternate on the teaching
duties, and this unusual system seems to
work very well. Of particular interest is
the fact that class attendance has not di-
minished, but has maintained an average
of 15 students.
__ .Jl,___
ST. LOUIS, Mo. — The new Esperanto
course taught by George Falgier at the
Public Library started with an attendance
of 54 persons. Mr. Falgier also conducts
an advanced group at the Humanist Cen-
ter.
The first meeting of a new Esperanto
club at Webster Groves High School was
held on the 17th of October at the home
of Mrs. Frederiksen, faculty adviser to the
group. 44 youngsters attended.
School and Community, October, 1959,
published an article by George Falgier "Is
Esperanto Needed in the School Language
Program? This Teacher Says Yes!"
__i _
LOS ANGELES, Calif. — The Esperanto
Club of Los Angeles will celebrate Zam-
enhof Day with a banquet at the Mona
Lisa restaurant, December 12. Dirk Brink
will be Master of Ceremonies. An atten-
dance of about 200 is hoped for.
-*™
Reports on the world Esperanto con-
gress and the Zamenhof centenary were
published by the B'nai Brith Messenger,
Sept. 4, and the California Jewish Voice
in Los Angeles.
10
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
En lo Hejmo de Zamenhof
(S-ano D. E. Parrish, usona Cefdelegito de UEA, diras: "Mi sufice ofte rakontis
ke mi estis gastigita en la hejmo de la aŭtoro de Esperanto, sed mi supozas ke multaj
eble iom dubis pri tio!" Hi ne plu dubu. Jen citaĵo el "Memoroj pri D-ro Zamenhof"
cle Anatolo Koĥ, en "Nuntempa Bulgario" de decembro, 1958.)
"En 1912 Varsovion vizitis la vojaĝinta
tiutempe tra 25 diversaj landoj kun espe-
rantlingvaj prelegoj pri la urbo Los An-
geles, Kalifornio, samideano Donald Par-
rish, kies gvidanto en Varsovio dum lia
restado estis mi. Laŭ esprimita de li de-
ziro —vizitilaMajstron, mi telefone inter-
parolis kun D-ro Zamenhof, kiu invitis
nin por la sekvanta tago je la 2-3 horo
sceneto, kiu elvokis ĉe la ĉeestantoj ĝene-
ralan ridon.
"En la manĝoĉambron venis la 6-7 jara
filineto de Zamenhof, Lidia. Marŝante ĉe
la tablon, ŝi subite ekstaris kaj, levinte la
ŝultrojn, kun grimaco, diris pollingve:
'Hm, mi ne komprenas, en kiu lingvo ili
interparolas!'
„ ..  .                        "Laŭ peto de samideano Parrish, la di-
posttagmeze.Venmteenladifimtatempo,    ^^  egtis  tradukita esperanten kaj>
ni estis renkontitaj de la tuta Zamenhof a     memkompreneble, estigis gajan ridon. S-ro
familio, kie kolektiĝis tiucele la du fratoj     parrish diris: 'La tuta mondo scias pri la
de D-ro Zamenhof, Leono kaj Felikso.          Zamenhof a lingvo, sed lia filineto ne estas
"Dum la tagmanĝo okazis amuza, gaja     pri tio informita!' "
MENDU   NUN-
MEMORIGAN   MEDALJONON   ARĜENTAN
POR LA
Z a men ho fa    Jorcento
Venc/o komencoto lo 15-an de decembro,  7959
Prezo:20 Steloj
(alclonu eventuale 3 stelojn
por registrita sendo)
MENDU   CE
INTERFAKTO, Box 877, Washington, A, D.C., Usono

Si
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER    •     1959                                 NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW        -q
Bonvolu Skribi
MALLONGIGOJ: Dez., deziras; kor., korespondi; pk., poŝtkarto; bk., bildkarto;
pm., postmark©; gaz., gazeto; il., ilustrita; inters., interŝanĝi; p. ĉ. t., pri ĉiuj temoj.
Samideanoj tutmonde, korespondu kun koreanoj. Anoncu vin al la Unua Sekcio
de Koresponda Servo en Koreo, S-ro Zeagun Lee, c/o Mun Zin Yang Heng, #1 1-ka,
Buk Sung-ko, Taegu, Koreo. Informu pri nomo, adreso, sekso, naskiĝdato, profesio,
ŝatokupo, deziroj, kiom da personoj se grupo.
Valentin Frolov, g. Tyrnyauz, ul. ĉeĥova 7, KBSSR, USSR. Dez. kor. kun uso-
nanoj kaj kanadanoj pri vivo, lando, popolo, belarto, raoroj.
Kiu abonos por mi ian Esp-gaz. el amerika aŭ okcidenta lando, ricevos rekom-
pence jarabonon al du belaj gaz., Nuntempa Bulgario kaj El Popola Cinio. S-ro Ivan
Bavkun, Gorkij 43, Pr. Kirova 8A-1, USSR.
Pavel stastny, Nemejcova 4, Plzen, Ĉehoslovakio. 18-jara studento en elektro-
teknika altlernejo, dez. kor. kun usonanoj, inters, pm. kaj bk.
Chlebica Regina, ul. Krolowej Jadwigi 22, Dabrowa Gornicza, woj. Katowickie,
Pollando. Nova esperantistino, lernantino en 3a klaso de ekonomia mezlernejo; dez.
kor., inters, bk., pm., fotojn, ktp.
Kyong Jeen Bae, c/o Eun Sik Kim, 7 Mun Wha-Dong, Taegu. Koreo.
Jiri Miŝurec, Uherske Hradiste-Mojmir, ul. Jana Zizsky 745, Ĉeĥoslovakio. 28-
jara konstruisto en aerfluga fabriko. Dez. inters, pm, bk, ktp.
Nevena Taseda, Bui Stalingrad 14, Sofia, Bulgario. Dez. kor. kun usonanoj, inters.
bk; interesoj pri filmoj, sportoj, ktp.
Zdenek Broz, Zbysov u Brno 461, Ĉeĥoslovakio. Dez. kor., inters, pm, gaz, ktp,
precipee kun usonanoj.
H. Liebelt, Magdel-st. 91, en Jena, Germanujo (D.D.R.). Dez. kor. kun ĉiuj lan-
doj p.c.t., inters, pm, bk, ktp.
OFFICERS of ELNA
President: Armin F. Doneis, Sr.
Box 105, Pharr, Texas.
Vice-President: Dirk Brink,
Box 5953, Metro Sta., Los Angeles 55, Calif.
Secretary: Conrad Fisher,
808 Stewart St., Meadville, Pennsylvania.
Treasurer: Adrian Hughes,
476 So. Bailey Ave., Hillsboro, Oregon.
EXECUTIVE BOARD
Thomas A. Goldman, Chairman,
2S11 P St., N. W., Washington 7, D. C.
Howard G. Borden,
1072 Stuyvesant Ave., Trenton 8, N. J.
Francis E. Helmuth,
P. O. Box 6215, San Diego 6, Calif.
John L. Lewine,
SO Overlook Terrace, New York 33, N. Y.
H. K. Ver Ploeg,
1908 E. 8th Ave., Spokane 32, Washington.
Mrs. Mary Gibson,
P. O. Box 117, Riverdale, Fresno County, Calif,
Wm. Harmon,
472S Briercrest, Lakewood 11, California.
David B. Richardson,
3412 North Mullen, Tacoma 7, Wash.
Miss Roan U. Orloff,
31 Nahanton St., Newton Centre 59, Mass.
ELNA'S COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN
Executive: Thos. A. Goldman,
2511 P St., N.W., Washington 7, D. C.
Membership and Organization: Wm. R. Harmon,
4725 Briercrest, Lakewood, Calif.
Publicity: Dirk Brink,
Box 5953, Metro Station, Los Angeles 55, Calif.
Finance: Francis E. Helmuth,
P. O. Box 6215, San Diego 6, California.
U. N. and non-Esperantist Congresses:
John Lewine,
50 Overlook Terrace, New York 33, N. Y.
Migrating Exhibit: George Falgier,
3622 N. Market St., St. Louis 13, Mo.
Youth: Charles Powell,
Route 1, Box 41-A, Wimauma, Florida.
Education: John Lewine,
50 Overlook Terrace, New York 33, N. Y.
12
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW-
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
PARDON IT, PLEASE
A. C. Scurlock reports that the Review
misspelled the name of Lord Dowding in
our last issue. We spelled it "Dowdling".
J. W. Leslie, Secretary of the British
Esperanto Association, reports that BEA
— not Robert Campion — has ordered
10,000 reprints of the 8-page picture story
of Zamenhof from the Daily Sketch Modern
Boys Annual. They will be available about
next March, 6 pence apiece.
----------------.«©»----------------
NOT IN DIRECTORY
The following members are not includ-
ed in our new membership directory, al-
though a copy of it was sent to them, too.
Other members should attach a slip of pa-
per with these addresses to the directory.
All members are encouraged to become
acquainted with other members!
Mrs. Dennis R. Beasley, 3444 Collins
Ferry Road, Morgantown, W. Va.
Mrs. Klara Justis, A-82 Jasmine St.,
Shaw AFB, S. C.
Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wallander, 5424
N. Western Ave., Chicago 25, 111.
Mr. and Mrs. Wesley N. Schulze,
Methodist Parsonage, Pharr, Texas.
Moses Goldberg, 385 8th St., N. E., At-
lanta, Ga.
Mrs. Valid a Diehl, 1264 Gamble Ave.,
Esconclido, Calif.
Lee M. Hollander, 3204 West Ave.,
Austin, Texas.
Al Reinhardt, 720 N. E. 79th St., Mi-
ami 38, Fla.
D-ro kaj S-ino Robert I. Rubinstein,
201 Crown St., Brooklyn 25, N. Y.
American Place Names in Esperanto!!
Eldred Lowe, Kansas City, Mo., men-
tions these localities: Alta, Iowa; Rondo,
Mo.; Bona, Mo.; Disko, Ind.; Amo, Ind.;
How many such names are in your state?
_----------«^»—_---------
FINALLY.
I
BRIEF FACTS on stickers with re-
vised text are ready. They measure less
than 3 inches square, are printed in blue,
carry a 72 word message about Esperanto,
mention book and study aids available,
and contain the League's address so that
interested persons may write for further
information. They can be used on cards,
envelopes and packages, and wherever
they go in the mail will tell people about
Esperanto. Order a supply now and use
them on all your Christmas cards and
mail! Only 15 cents for 50 stickers, post-
paid anywhere. Order from:
Esperanto, Hillsboro, Oregon.
HUNTER'S NEWS, Chestnut St.
and Federal Court, Meadville, Pa.
carry "Say It In Esperanto" for
area sales.
Dua Volumo
ESPERANTOLOGIO
Internacia revuo por la lingvistiko kaj
bibliografio de Esperanto.
La reapero de "Esperantologio" es-
tas grava kultura evento por la tuta
Esperantista movado. La unua kaj-
ero aperos frue en 1960, kaj la tuta
volumo kovros proksimume
tri jarojn.
ft
La abonprezo en Usono estas $6.00.
La usona peranto estas
R. C. Marble, Box 4127,
Van Nuys, California.
Sendu monon kaj abonojn NUN
al la peranto.
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
13
LOCAL ADDRESSES
The Review lists, without charge, addresses of local Esperanto groups or of Espefantists who
want local contacts to form new local groups. It is not necessary that the members of such groups be
members of the League. ELNA exists for the purpose of helping all who want to promote Esperanto.
If you want advice on forming a local club or study group, write to: Esperanto League for North
America, Meadville, Pa.
In case of a group representing some religious, political or other special interest, please state affilia-
tion or special interest. We make no judgment, and accept no responsibility, concerning Esperantist
special interest groups, but will list addresses (if in North America) so that persons of similar
interests may find congenial groups.
Kanada Esperanto-Associo: Box 52, Terminal A, Toronto, Canada.
ELNA Youth Section: Charles Powell, Route 1, Box 92, Wimauma, Florida
Esperanto Society  of San Francisco, 1031 Noriega St., San Francisco 22, California.
Pasadena Esperanto Class, YWCA, 78 North Marengo Ave., Pasadena, California.
Esperanto-Klubo de Los Angeles: 1237 N. Alexandria Ave., Los Angeles 29, California.
Esperanto-Societo de San Diego: P. 0. Box 6215, San Diego 6, California.
Esperanto Club of Santa Monica: 855 Franklin St., Santa Monica, California.
Sacramento Esperanto Club: 5631 Balboa Circle, Sacramento, California.
Esperanto Society of Long Beach: R. C. Betteridge, Pres., 5409 Gray wood Ave., Lakewood, Cal.
Napa Esperanto Club: c/o Martha Walker, 2846 Monticello Road, Napa, California.
Burlingame Esperanto Class, 410 Darrell Road, Burlingame (Hillsborough), California.
Esperanto Coterie of Texas: P. 0. Box 805, Houston 1, Texas.
Seattle Esperanto Society: 3231 West 62nd St., Seattle 7, Washington.
Esperanto Society of Greater New York: 50 Overlook Terrace, New York 33, New York.
Esperanto in Buffalo: P. O. Box 222, Niagara Station, Buffalo 1, New York.
Esperanto Society of Chicago: c/o H. Tobusch, 55 E. Washington, Chicago, Illinois.
Washington Esperanto Club: Apt. 101, 2829 Gainesville St., S. E., Washington 20, D. C.
Esperanto Study Group, Y.M.C.A., Meadville, Pennsylvania.
H. K. Ver Ploeg, 1908 East 8th Avenue, Spokane 32, Washington.
K. M. Whitten, 5233 N. Fifth St., Philadelphia 20, Pennsylvania.
Lucy Pier, 807 Bon Air Road, Lansing 17, Michigan.
Jarvis E. Bush, 3700 North 75th St., Milwaukee 16, Wisconsin.
Christie W. Roberts, Rose Valley, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Tom Haxby, P. O. Box 274, Marshall, Arkansas.
Mrs. Starling Przybilla, P. 0. Box 685, Whitehall, Wisconsin.
Frans Jahger, 2734 Locust Drive, Bridgeville, Pennsylvania (for Pittsburgh area).
Jaroslav Kleprlik, 1206 Lamar Street, San Antonio, Texas. Phone CApital 3-6624.
Floyd A. Clarke, 1723 Ilingworth Ave., Allentown, Pennsylvania.
Kvakera Esperantista Societo, care of Donald Broadribb, Collins, New York.
Kristana Bulteno, Glenn Turner, Editor, Middleton, Wisconsin.
Skolta Esperantista Ligo, Usona Sekico, c/o Stanley Otto, 20 Harvard Terrace, West Orange, N. J.
Internacia Ligo de Esperantistaj Instruistoj, U. S. representative George Falgier,
3622 North Market St., St. Louis_13, Missouri.
Esperanta Libro-Servo, 2222 Crest Drive, El Cajon, California.
ESPERANTO LEAGUE BOOK SERVICE, Middleton, Wisconsin.
ELNA Membership and Organization Committee, 4725 Briercrest, Lakewood, California
Esperanto League for North America
Is building an effective movement in North America for
ESPERANTO NOW!
JOIN NOW. Regular Member, $3; Man and wife (each with Regular Member
privileges, but receive only one copy of publications), $4; Supporting Member, $5;
Patron, $10; Life Member, $50. Make checks payable to: Esperanto League for
North America, Inc. Secretary: Conrad Fisher, 808 Stewart St., Meadville, Penna.
-[4        NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW                                 NOVEMBER - DECEMBER    .     1959
Frecjo kaj la Homoj
de Mar so
de Stephen Block
sendanĝeraj, ĉarlaŝirmejo flosas en oleo."
Post kelkaj mmutoj la telero cesis tremi.
uLa danĝero estas forpasinta/' diris la
marsano. "Venu kun mi!" Li forlasis la
ŝirmejon, kaj Frecjo iris post li al fenes-
tro. La marsano montris el la fenestro kaj
diris, "Tie estas Marso." La planedo, kiun
Frecjo vidis, estis ruĝa kun verdaj pustu-
loj, kaj havis verdajn liniojn trans la sur-
face La planedo kreskas pligranda, ĝisĝi
plenigis la fenestron. "Venu kun mi!" di-
ris la marsano. Frecjo iris post li al la
unua cambro. Post kelkaj minutoj la te-
lero surplanediĝis sur Marson. La mar-
sano kondukis Frecjon al la pordo, kaj ek-
ster la pordo li vidis . . . (Daŭrigota.)
Ĉapitro III
Minaco en Spaco!
Resumo: Dum Freĉjo ludis en la arbaro,
flugtelero surteriĝis. Verda lumradio para-
lizis Freĉjon. Marsanoj elvenis, kaj portis
Frecjon en la flugteleron, kiu ekflugis. Hi
intencas sekci Freĉjon kiel biologian spe-
cimenon.
Post la ekf lugo la marsanoj portis Freĉ-
jon en cambron kaj lasis lin kun unu mar-
sano. Frecjo pro vis paroli kun la marsano,
sed tiu ne respondis. Horoj forpasis, tiam ■
subite sonoriloj komencis sonori tra la
tuta flugtelero. "Ni flugas tra meteora
svarmo!'' ekkriis la marsano. Li prenis pa-
filon kaj pafis Frecjon per ĝi. Frecjo estis
tuj jam ne paralizita. "Venu kun mi, al la
ŝirmejo!" diris la marsano. Li puŝis Frec-
jon el la ĉambro. Freĉjo clevis obei, car la
marsano havis pafilon. La marsano kon-
dukis Frecjon laŭ koridoro en alian cam-
bron. Ci tie estis multaj marsanoj. Tuj
kiam ili estis en la ĉambro, la tuta flugte-
lero komencis tremi. La marsano klarigis,
"Ni evitas meteorŝtonojn. Nur du mar-
sanoj estas en la kontrolĉambro. La ce-
teraj estas ci tie, en la ŝirmejo. Ni estas
Foreign Exchange
International Travel
550 South Hill Street
Los Angeles 13, California
Dirk Brink, Branch Manager
Kiamaniere ŝpari monon je viaj vojaĝoj
per aeroplano alilanden?
Estas ne malfacile, se vi tuj skribos al
ni por senpaga flugfolio:
DEAKONOMY TRAVEL
Introduction to
ESPERANTO
THE  UNIVERSAL  LANGUAGE
The Third Edition ... Revised ... Price $2.00
Sent on Five Days FREE Examination!
BOX 792    •    PLACERVILLE, CALIF.
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
15
DONATIONS TO THE REVIEW
Thanks to
Glenn Turner
Thomas A. Goldman
Joe and Mae Eisele
George Falgier
F. J. DuBois
Helen Larson
Margaret Hull Huntington
$24.95
30.00
20.00
2.00
5.00
2.50
5.00
Glenn Turner donates to the Review
25% of receipts of Esperanto League Book
Service. The $24.95 is the Review's share
from book purchases by: Armin F. Doneis,
Lois K. Morgan, Wm. J. Hartman, Geo.
Halterman, Bunnie Chambers, Frasquita
"Pardonu, sinjoro. ĉu mi ne konas vinf"
Overmire, Rex Ackerman, John F. Clewe,
Mrs. Lee Perry, Alex Richard, Marion E.
Bigelow, Jos. Spepanawicz, A.C.Scurlock,
Blaine McCollum, Nels Bjorndahl, Bill
Blum, W. G. Rickman Jr., Mrs. G. D.
McMahon, Bruce Sherwood, Judy Jane
Welker, Gerald Glassburn, Mrs. Robert
E. Rider.
Order Now
COMMEMORATIVE   MEDALLION  IN   SILVER
for the
Zamenhof Centenary
AVAILABLE  ON  AND AFTER   DECEMBER 15, 1959
Price $1.40 (20 St.)
(add 25jzS for registered mail
if desired)
Order From
INTERFAKTO, P.O. Box 877, Washington 4, D.C.
16        NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER    •     1959
jVvUrtsd
^
'/^^6>u/
%
:,
X
Konu Viajn Gesamideanojn       Semantika GenieCO
Multo estas jam dirita kaj skribita pri
la malgranda viro kiu kreis la internacian
lingvon. Grandaj sciencistoj, lingvistoj, fi-
lozofoj, aŭtoroj kaj pedagogoj daŭre tak-
sas, kritikas, laŭdas, verkas volumojn, kaj
instruas milojn da novaj interesuloj.
El tiu grupo certe oni grave taksus la
instruistojn; per ili la nombroj da adeptoj
daiire kreskas; la lingvo mem floras kaj
progresas. Tamen, sen la aŭtoroj, libroj
mankus; sen la libroj, la lingvo mortus!
Do, por ke la lingvo vivu kaj antaŭeniru,
oni estu devigata instrui, varbi, kaj vendi!
En la beletra mondo, kiu estas samtem-
pe kaj idealista kaj literatura, ekzistas
miloj da filozofoj kaj aŭtoroj kiuj, tra la
j arcentoj, multe influas la pensmanieron
de la homaro, seel tiu "malgranda viro,"
kun la granda spirito, kiu genie influis kaj
efikis, ĝis senprecedenta grado, sufiĉe lar-
ĝan tavolon da idealistaj homoj tra la
mondo, restas unika en la historio de la
homa evoluado.
Kvankam D-ro Zamenhof neniam stu-
dis la filologion, kiu temas pri la evoluo de
la lingvistiko laŭ ĉiuj aspektoj de la ling-
vo, aŭ la semantikon kiu rilatas al la studo
kaj evoluo de la signifo de la vortoj, li ta-
men tute sorbis, fimmature, tiujn lingvis-
tikajn fenomenojn! Laŭ Prof. Edmond
Privat, en letero al mi en 1940, D-ro Za-
menhof une parolis la anglan lingvon, nur
legis ĝin, kaj certe ne konis anglan fone-
tikon!"
Ci tiu fakto nur multe pli mirige efikas
nin, ekzamenante la lingvon Esperanto
laŭ ĝia hindo-eŭropa origino, dum ni sam-
tempe fariĝas tute konsciaj, ke Zamenhof
mem estis pola!
La semantika genieco de la aŭtoro de
Esperanto neniam ĉesas mirigi min!
—elkopo
-    i
Glenn Turner, la Ĝoja Propagandist!)
S-ano Turner naskiĝis 4 majo, 1889, en
Stockbridge, Wisconsin, Usono. Li baka-
laŭriĝis, 1917, ĉe jura fakultato de Uni-
versitato de Wisconsin. Estis membro de
la ŝtata parlamento de Wisconsin, 1917-
1919. Edziĝis 1914 al Jennie Willing Mc-
Mullin; havas unu filinon, S-inon H. G.
Sellery, kaj du genepojn", Susan kaj George
Sellery.
S-ano Turner unue ekstudis Esperanton
en 1907, sed ne aktivis ĝis cirkaŭ 1921,
kiam lin vizitis kaj instigis S-ano P. P.
Christensen post sia nesukcesa kampanjo
por la posteno de Prezidento de Usono.
Turner gastigis tri landajn kongresojn
de Esperanto en Madison, Wisconsin.
Dum kelkaj jaroj li gvidisradioprogramon
nomitan "Esperanto Now" (Esperanto
Nun); organizis Esperanto Foundation kaj
Esperanto Library. Tiu lasta nun servas
kiel libroservo de ELNA. Li helpis organ-
izi ELNA-n, dummultaj jaroj estas mem-
bro de UEA, SAT, KELI kaj KELU;nun
redaktoro de Kristana Bulteno.
Kiam la atombomboj falis sur Japanu-
jon, li decidis ke UNO devos estiĝi fede-
rala mondunuiĝo bazita sur la lingvo Espe-
ranto; nun laboras por realigi tiun idealon.
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
17
KELKAJ DATOJ EL LA VIVO
KAJ VERKADO DE ZAMENHOF
(Mallongigoj: Z, Zamenhof; E, Esperanto;
UK, Universala Kongreso de Esperanto.)
1.  15 dec.  1859 en Bialystok, Rusujo,
naskiĝis Lazaro Ludoviko Zamenhof.
2.  1869, Z fariĝis lernanto en reallernejo
en Bialystok.
3.1873, Ztransloĝiĝis Varsovion, Rusujo.
4.1874,  Z fariĝis lernanto de la kvara
klaso en la dua gimnazio en Varsovio.
5. 5 dec. 1878, Z festis la ekvivigon de sia
lingvo.
6. Junio 1879, Z finis gimnazion.
7.  1879, Z forveturis Moskvon.
8. Somero 1881, Z revenis Varsovion.
9. Januaro 1885, ricevis diplomon de ku-
racisto.
10.1885,  Z laboris en Ploek, Vejseje.
11.1886,  Z veturis Vienon.
12. Aŭtuno 1886, Z revenis Varsovion.
13. 30 marto 1887, Z fianciĝis kun Klara
Silbernik.
14. 2 junio 1887, rusa cenzuro permesisel-
donon de la unua E-lernlibro.
15. 26 julio 1887, aperis unua lernlibro,
kun 917 vortoj (904 vortradikoj).
16. 9 aŭg. 1887, Z edziĝis kun Klara Sil-
bernik.
17. En komenco de 1888, Z eldonis duan
lemlibron.
18. Junio 1888, Z publikigis aldonon al la
dua lernlibro.
19.1 sept. 1889, aperis en Nurnberg, Ger-
manujo, la unua numero de "La Es-
perantisto", de Chr. Schmidt.
20.  Nov. 1889, Z vojaĝisalBrest-Litovsk,
Bialystok, Herson.
21.  Okt. 1889, Z aperigis unuan adresaron
de esperantistoj kun mil nomoj; 29
germanoj, 20 aŭstro-himgaroj, 10 an-
gloj, 6 francoj, 4 usonanoj, 4 svedoj,
2 turkoj, 1 italo, 1 hispano, 1 ramano,
1 nedirita, kaj 921 rusujanoj.
22.  Majo 1890, Z revenis Varsovion.
23.  Okt. 1890, Z estis eldonisto kaj redak-
toro de "La Esperantisto".
24.  Aug. 1891, Z proponis organizon de
"akcia societo esperantista".
25.  Numeroj 11-12 (nov.-dec.) 1891 estis
la lasta eldono de "La Esperantisto".
26.  Marto 1892, denove aperis "La Espe-
rantisto".
27.  Aug. 1892, mortis Rozalio Z, patrino
de Z.
28.  Aug. 1893, aperis universala vortaro,
kun 2635 vortoj (2599 radikoj).
29.  Okt. 1893, Z vojaĝis kun sia familio
Grodnon.
30.  Post dec. 1894 "La Esperantisto" tute
transiris al Z.
31.  En #2, 1895 de "La Esperantisto"
aperis traduko de verketo de Tolstoj,
"Prudento kaj Kredo", kaj la gazeto
estis de la rusa cenzuro por ĉiam mal-
permesata en Rusujo.
32.  #5-6 (majo-junio) 1895 estis la lasta
numero de "La Esperantisto".
33.  Dec. 1895, en Upsala, Svedujo, aperis
la unua numero de "Lingvo Interna-
cia" de P. Nylen, Langlet, Krikortz,
Ahlberg, V. Gernet.
34.  #6-7, 1896, de "Lingvo Internacia"
prezentis la leteron de Z al Nikolaj
Afrikanoviĉ Borovko en Odesso, 1895,
pri la deveno de E.
35.  Jan. 1898, Z revenis Varsovion.
36.  1899, publikigis "Esenco kaj estonteco
de 1'ideo de internacia lingvo", de Z.t
37.  1901, Z subskribis kontrakton kun fir-
mo Hachette et Cie. en Parizo.
18
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
38.  7 nov. 1901, en Essen, Germanujo,
mortis W. II. Trompeter, kin dum tri
jaroj persone pagis la elspezojn de la
unua E-gazeto, "La Esperantisto".
39.  1902, aperis traduko de "Hamlet" deZ.
40.  1903, aperis "Fundamenta Krestoma-
tio", de Z.
41.  21 feb. 1905, Zsendis leteron (sian bi-
ografion) al A. Michaux.
42.  Julio 1905, aperis Fundamento de E,
lain 2772 vortoj (2666 radikoj).
43.  1905, franca ministro de publika in-
struado Bienvenu-Martin havigis al Z
Ordenon de la Honora Legio.
44.  5-13 aŭg. 1905, la UK en Boulogne-
sur-Mer, Francujo. 688 aliĝintoj el 20
landoj. Prezidanto Z; Vicprezidantoj
E. Boirae, A. Michaux, Hippolite Se-
bert, Mybs, John Pollen.
45.  1905, UK akceptis laŭ propono de Z
Deklaracion pri Esperantismo.
46.  27 aŭg.-5 sept. 1906,2a UK en Geneve,
Svislanclo. 1200 aliĝintoj el 30 landoj.
Prez. Fr. Schneeberger.
47.  1907, en Varsovio mortis Marko Z,
patro de Z.
48.  12-17 aŭg. 1907, 3a UK en Cambridge,
Anglujo. 1317 aliĝintoj el 35 landoj.
Prez. John Pollen. Belgujo estis repre-
zentata.
49.  1907, Londona urbestraro oficiale ak-
ceptis Z kaj la tutan kongreson en la,
fama urbodomo Guildhall.
50.  17-22 aŭg. 1908, 4a UK en Dresden,
Germanujo. 1500 aliĝintoj el 40 land-
oj. Prez. Mybs. Usono, Japanujo kaj
Filipinaj Insuloj reprezentitaj.
51.  5-11 sept. 1909, 5a UK en Barcelona,
Hispanujo. 1300 aliĝintoj el 32 landoj.
Prez. Puiula y Valles. 4 ŝtatoj repre-
zentitaj.
52.  1910, aperis proverbaro esperanta de
Zamenhof.
53.  14-20 aŭg. 1910, 6a UK en Washing-
ton, Usono. 357 aliĝintoj el 20 landoj.
Prez. J. J. Barret. 16 ŝtatoj reprezen-
titaj.
54. 20-27 aŭg. 1911,7a UK en Antwerpen,
Belgujo. 1800 aliĝintoj el 42 landoj.
Prez. Van cler Biest. Belgujo, Brazilio,
Ĉilio, ĉinujo, Gvatemalo, Hispanujo,
Hungarujo, Norvegujo, Rumanujo,
Rusujo, Usono reprezentitaj.
55.  1911, en Antwerpen, Belgujo, Pero-
gordo, clelegito de la hispana registaro,
havigis al Z ordenon de "Isabela la
Katolika", la plej altan hispanan de-
koracion.
56.  1911, la loka komitato de Antverpena
kongreso dedicis al Z belan pentraĵon
pri la Antverpena haveno.
57.  30-12-1911, Z sendis al "The British
Esperantist" leteron pri la cleveno de
la verda stelo.
58.  11-18 aŭg. 1912, 8a UK en Krakow,
Aŭstrujo. 1000 aliĝintoj el 28 landoj.
Prez. M. Mikolajski. 7 ŝtatoj repre-
zentitaj .
59.  11 aŭg. 1912, Z demetis sian rolon kiel
gviclanto de la E-movado.
60.  1912, en Krakow, Aŭstrujo, Z ricevis
de reĝino Elizabeth de Rumanujo ŝian
portreton kun propra subskribo.
61.  1912, salutante Z, la salminejoj de
Wieliezka, ensorbante pli ol mil espe-
rantistajn gastojn, estis iluminataj
same, kiel ili estis iluminataj por ak-
cepti la aŭstro-hungaran imperiestron.
62.  24-31 aŭg. 1913, 9a UK en Bern, Svi-
sujo. 1203 aliĝintoj el 30 landoj. Prez.
J. Schmidt. 6 ŝtatoj reprezentitaj.
63.  2-10 aŭg. 1914,10a UK en Paris, Fran-
cujo. Ne okazis pro la milito.
64.  22-29 aŭg. 1915,11a UK en San Fran-
cisco, Usono. 163 partoprenantoj el 16
landoj. Prez. Robert Colquhoun.
65.  14 aprilo 1917, en Varsovio, Rusujo,
mortis D-ro L. Zamenhof, kreinto de
Esperanto.
■—kompilita de A. Holzhaus, kaj represita
el N or darner ika E. Revuo, nov.-dec, 1957.
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
19
Jen! de via genieco la centmil fajreroj
Falis, kaj flagretis sur diversaj lokoj.
Iuj sufokiĝis enmalpuraj atmosferoj,
Iuj estingiĝis sur la nudaj rokoj.
Tamen laŭ la nevidataj vojoj rampebrulos,
Kuniĝonte, la flametoj de l'espero —
Gis la finbriladon ec la steloj respegulos,
Por konservi vian lumon sur la tero.
"Memore al Zamenhof" de Brendon Clark
el la libro "Kien la Poezio?"
20
NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW
NOVEMBER - DECEMBER
1959
Complete  Grammar, Alphabet  and   Pronunciation   of  Esperanto
THE ALPHABET
a, b, c, 6, d, e, f, g, ĝ, h, fi, i, j, Ĵ, k, 1, m,
n, o, p, r, s, ŝ, t, u, ŭ, v, z.
The sounds of the vowels (a, e, i, o, u)
are the vowel sounds in :"Are there three
or two?" The consonant sounds are as in
English, except: c as ts in hats, ĉ as ch in
church, g as in go, ĝ as gem, ĥ as ch in
loch, j as English y, j as z in azure, s as in
so, ŝ as English sh, ŭ as English w.
THE GRAMMAR
1.  There is no indefinite article; there
is only a definite article (la) alike for all
sexes, cases and numbers.
2.  Substantives end in o. To form the
plural, j is added. There are only two cases:
nominative and accusative; the latter is
obtained from the nominative by adding n.
Other cases are expressed by prepositions
(genitive de, dative al, ablative per, etc.)
3.  The adjective ends in a. Case and
number as for substantives. The compar-
ative is made by means of the word pli,
the superlative by plej: with the compar-
ative the conjunction ol is used.
4.  The fundamental numerals (not de-
clined) are: unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses,
sep, ok, naŭ, dek, cent, mil. Tens and hun-
dreds are formed by simple junction of the
numerals. To mark the ordinal numerals,
a is added; for the multiple obi; for the
fractional, on; for the collective, op; for the
distributive,the preposition po. Substantive
and adverbial numerals can also be used.
5.   Personal pronouns: mi, vi, li, ŝi, ĝi, si,
ni, vi, Hi, oni; possessives are formed by
adding a. Declension as for substantives.
6.  The verb undergoes no change with
regard to person or number. Forms of the
verb: time being (present) takes the termi-
nation -as; time been (past) -is; time
about-to-be (future) -os; conditional mood
-us; imperative mood -u; infinitive -i.
Participles (with adjectival or adverbial
sense): active present-ani; active past-mi;
active future -out; passive present -at;
passive past -it; passive future -ot. The
passive is rendered by a corresponding
form of the verb esti (to be) and a passive
participle of the required verb; the prepo-
sition with the passive is de.
7.  Adverbs end in e; comparison as for
adjectives.
8. All prepositions govern the nominative.
9.   Every word is pronounced as it is
spelled.
fO. The accent is always on the next-to-
last syllable.
11.   Compound words are formed by
simple junction of the words (the chief
word stands at the end). Grammatical
terminations are also regarded as inde-
pendent words.
12.  When another negative word is pre-
sent, the word ne is left out.
13.  In order to show direction toward,
words take the termination of the accusative.
14.  Each preposition has a definite and
constant meaning; but if the direct sense
does not indicate which it should be, we
use the preposition je, which has no mean-
ing of its own. Instead of je, we may use
the accusative without a preposition.
15.  The so-called foreign words (that is,
those taken from one source) undergo no
change in Esperanto, beyond conforming
to its orthography; but with various words
from one root, it is better to use unchanged
only the fundamental word and to form
the rest from this hi accordance with the
rules of the Esperanto language.
16.  The final vowel of the substantive
and of the article may sometimes be omit-
ted and replaced by an apostrophe.