AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO AMERICAN ESPERANTO MAGAZINE Aal - Words in Esperanto }eklaro kontraŭ Bojkoto ?'. zminentaj Subskribintoj )ni lAalaprobas Bojkoton -^^^;' ".arlatana Lingvoscienco .a Diablo kaj Maljunulo JAN-FEB 1958 AMERICAN ESPERANTO MAGAZINE Official bimonthly publication of the ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA, Inc. 114 West 16 St., New York 11, N. Y. EDITORIAL STAFF Editor: G. Alan Connor. Associate Editors: Dr. William Solzbacher, Doris T. Connor, Myron R. Mychajliw. SUSTAINING BOARD OF EANA Dr. Luella K. Beecher, Allen L. Brown, A. M. Brya, John Burt, C.C. Cummingsmith, S.M., Dr. Lee-Min Han, Paul J. Kovar, Dr. Francis A. Kubeck, Bertha E. Mullin, Mazah Schulz, Bertha F. Sloan, Harold S. Sloan, Dr. William Solzbacher, Terry Tilford, Jack M. Warner, Jr., Virgil Whanger, Ralph H. Beard , Olivier de Guise, Eulalia Marks, John Brewer. CONTENTS - ENHAVO Helen Keller Supports Interianguage.................... 3 Education and Esperanto............................ 4 Esperanto in Action Around the World.................... 8 Esperanto in the Schools............................ 12 Mai-Words in Esperanto................ Montagu C. Butler 13 Deklaro kontraŭ Bojkoto............................ 16 Kiuj estas la Subskribintoj — daŭrigo.................... 17 La Esperantistaro Malaprobas Bojkoton.................. 18 Esperanta Kroniko................................. 21 Carlatana Lingvoscienco ,.............D-ro Wm. Solzbacher 24 La Diablo kaj la Maljunulo — It. Hughes ........ John Masefield 27 Deziras Korespondi............................... 31 Bildo: Gravuro honore at Abraham Lincoln, naskita 12 feb 1809, batal- anto por la unueco de Usono kaj por la liberigo de la sklavoj. Noto: Gravuro de D-ro Zamenhof en la nov-dec AE estis el PK sen no- mo de la artisto, Ni sciiĝas, ke la artisto estas Re to Rossetti. ''The Association will not knowingly admit as members persons who are Commu- nists or Fascists or others who seek to overthrow the Government of, or in the interests of a foreign power seek to weaken, the United States, or to change its form of government by other than constitutional means." — EANA Constitution. Subscriptions in the United States and Canada: $3.00 per year. Jarabono eksterlande por kalendara jaro: $1.50 aŭ egalvaloro. Gratis to Members of the EANA. Regular Membership in EANA - $5.00 per year. Patron - $10.00. H. S. or College Student & Armed Forces — $3.00 per year. Sustaining Board — $3.00 or more per month. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Vol. 72 JANUARY-FEBRUARY 1958 Nos. 1-2 HELEN KELLER Helen Keller, the great American woman who overcame the handicaps of blindness and deafness and became a force for good all over the world, has repeatedly come out in strong support of Esperanto and has learned the language herself. Last year she discussed Esperanto with Dr. Anne- Marie Innerebner in Innsbruck, Austria, who published the interview in Die Furche, a weekly newspaper in Vienna. Dr. Innerebner wrote: "We spoke mainly English, but also German. Helen Keller knows German very well. I heard that, in addition to French, Greek, and Latin, she also knows some Spanish, Italian, and Esperanto. In the latter she sees a great future for her blind and deaf fellow men. . . For supranational un- derstanding a supranational language is needed, she stated." Years ago, in a letter addressed to Harald Thilander, Sweden, editor of the Espe- ranto Braille magazine Esperanta Ligilo, reprinted in the American Es- peranto Magazine of September-October 1953, Helen Keller had written: "How free and flexible Esperanto has grown! ... How it warms me! —an auxiliary language that throbs with the needs, joys and sorrows of my blind fellows throughout the globe." PRINCE AXEL Prince Axel of Denmark, a cousin of the late King Christian X, and particularly well-known as Chairman of the East Asiatic Company and as a Member of the Board of the Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS) and the Danish Airlines, has answered on the pages of the Tokyo Esperanto magazine La Revuo Orienta a letter addressed to him by Prince Taka- hito Mikasa, brother of the Emperor of Japan (see the American Espe- ranto Magazine of November-December 1957). In his letter Prince Axel recalls his impressions of the beauty of Japan and the qualities of its hard-working people and states that the new Copenhagen-Tokyo route of SAS "over the top of the world" links the two countries by a bridge which might be compared to some of the bridges seen on ancient Japanese woodcuts. He sends greetings to the Japanese Prince and his wife as well as to the Emperor and Empress of Japan, on his own behalf and in the name of his wife, Princess Margaretha of Sweden. In the same issue in which Prince Axel's letter was published in Esperanto, with a Japa- nese translation and with the Prince's picture, La Revuo Orienta printed the second of its "Letters from Japan", addressed by prominent Japa- nese to outstanding personalities abroad, for the purpose of strengthen- ing mutual friendship and understanding — through Esperanto. This letter was from Professor Kaoru Yasui, Dean of the Law School of Hosei Uni- versity, to Dr. Albert Schweitzer, the well-known philosopher and hu- manitarian in French Equatorial Africa. The letter deals primarily with proposals for a suspension of nuclear tests. 3 EDUCATION AND ESPERANTO Facts, Plans, and Problems This is the first in a series of articles which will appear from time to time, not necessarily in rapid succession, on the various aspects of the introduction of Esperanto into the schools. The ar- ticles will attempt to describe current development, to interpret past experiences, and to project possible action in the future. The subject matter is not only of decisive importance for the Esperanto movement, but also of considerable interest to educators concerned with the teaching of languages or international relations. In his address on "Esperanto in the Schools," at the 47th Congress of the Esperanto Association of North America, in Newark, New Jersey, on June 29, 1957, Dr. John McSharry, President of the Adult Education Association of New Jersey, said about Esperanto: "Its very nature ... appeals challengingly to the American instinct of conciseness, of sim- plicity, and universality of application... In order to advance the use of Esperanto in education, there are three avenues of approach: first, adult education; second, public and private schools; third, mass media." In developing his thought in greater detail, Dr. McSharry explained that the intensive penetration of Esperanto into adult education would create a number of "grass-root chain reactions". It would "create an adult citizen opinion favorable to the introduction of Esperanto in sec- ondary education," and it would also "create a reservoir of teachers who would be ready and able to meet certification standards set up by State Boards of Education." Creating a Demand for Esperanto Dr. McSharry made it quite clear that, in order to bring about the in- troduction of Esperanto into the schools on anything better than an ex- perimental basis, there must be a substantial public demand for this. "Here your problem is twofold: first, the creation of a demand for Es- peranto in the schools; second, the provision for adequately prepared certified teachers. The problems of textbooks, workbooks, curriculum materials, scheduling, can all be worked out. But your first concern must be the creation in the public of a wanting for Esperanto ... Once this 'need' is developed, the second step can be managed.. ." In reviewing the experiences of the past, any impartial observer will be impressed by two facts: first, the considerable extent to which Es- peranto has been taught in schools in a large number of countries, in some cases even on a compulsory basis; second, the instability and fre- quent variations in such teaching of Esperanto in the schools. While circumstances have differed in Greece and China, Britain and Switzer- land, Yugoslavia and Japan, the United States and Brazil, and while a great deal can be learned from the failures as well as the successes, it would seem fair to make this general statement: As long as Esperanto is not used on a very large scale in activities of direct interest to the average citizen, it will not be taught as a regular subject in the schools. As long as Esperanto is not taught in the schools on a large scale, it will lack the "mass basis" for the kind of generalized use which would constitute its definite acceptance as the world interlanguage. To break this vicious circle, it is necessary, on the one hand, to expand the practical uses of Esperanto in a manner which does not re- quire a mass basis created by the large scale teaching of the language in the schools, on the other hand, to step up the teaching of Esperanto in the schools by means of arguments other than the expected future be- nefits of generalized application. The learning of Esperanto brings cer- tain benefits now, both by preparing the mind of the child for other stud- ies and by offering possibilities of immediate use. These benefits must be analyzed critically, by means of objective tests, and described in terms of verifiable results. A certain—measurable—effort will produce a certain—measurable—result, not sometimes, but always, or almost always. If Esperanto teaching can be described in this manner, and if it can be shown that its results are greater—in measurable terms—than if the same effort had been spent on something else, Esperanto will have an argu- ment that really counts among educators and school administrators. Facts and Arguments in the London Times This points up the importance of educational research experiments which have been conducted or are now being conducted in a number of countries. It is encouraging to note that interest in the educational val- ue of Esperanto is growing in influential circles. A discussion of the subject appeared in the form of a full-page arti- cle published in the Educational Supplement of the London "Times" of May 31, 1957. Written by an unnamed "Correspondent", it discussed the educational value of Esperanto in general, but in particular the teaching of the language in a British school type called the Secondary Modern School. Unlike the Grammar School, which is basically a preparatory school for university studies and is designed for students with an in- telligence substantially above the average, the Secondary Modern School provides high school education on a less academic and more practical basis. In the teaching of languages, for instance French, these schools must keep in mind—to quote the Times article—the needs of "the ordi- nary English child, who is never likely to reach the stage of fluency necessary for the appreciation of French literature." The writer of the article gave "three brief examples of the study of Esperanto in such schools, showing, as it were, the experiment in prog- ress in various stages." In Secondary Modern Schools, students are di- vided into "A", "B", and "C" streams, according to their intelligence —measured mostly by their ability to use correct English. "In the first school, French had been included in the curriculum of the 'A' stream for four years, when it was decided to introduce Esperan- to as a second language for the 'B' stream. After one year it was found by carefully controlled testing that the standard reached by these first- year 'B' stream children in Esperanto was excelled only by the standard attained in French by the fourth-year 'A' stream pupils. The French and Esperanto instruction were both in the hands of the same teacher, an honors graduate in French, but a beginner in Esperanto. The children's study of Esperanto was also found after one year to have a measurable beneficial effect on the standard of their attainment in English." A footnote indicated that this example was based on information pro- vided in an article by Norman Williams, Headmaster of the Egerton Park County Secondary School in Denton near Manchester, in the Head Teach- ers' Review of October 1952. (See also the American Esperanto Maga- zine of March-April 1953.) The second example went a step further: "In another school whose 'A' stream take French, Esperanto was two years ago introduced in the 'B* stream timetable. The children's correspondents now represent prac- tically every country in Europe, not excluding lands behind the Iron Curtain, and a recent exhibition of the albums, made by individual stu- dents to contain the letters, photographs, stamps, and so on, received from their pen friends, revealed a commendable standard of work and an obviously heightened interest in the customs and conditions of life of peoples of other lands. Chiefly through the school's Esperanto corre- spondence, an exhibition of over 2,000 examples of children's art has also been assembled from 29 lands. The exhibition, which has aroused a certain amount of interest in the national press, and had a run of six weeks in its home town, is now embarked upon what almost amounts to a national tour." Country-to-Country Visits o/ Students The article in the Times Educational Supplement then presented an example of a somewhat different type: "My third example by nature com- prises more a statement of aims than of results, as the work is still in its very early stages. I give it, however, to indicate yet another line along which there is still much room for experiment. It raises an impor- tant point in regard to what one may term the 'language capacity' of Secondary Modern School pupils. Assuming they are capable of the study of one foreign language, can they, without prejudice to it learn Espe- ranto at the same time? This question applies with some cogency to the school concerned, where the voluntary after-school study of the inter- national language has recently been commenced by an enthusiastic group of boys and girls, aged 11 to 13 years, drawn from the 'A' stream, which already studies French. Here the optional Esperanto instruction had at the start as one of its aims the stimulation of the pupils' interest in their French studies and the strengthening of the school's existing con- tact with a French school, where likewise a voluntary group was study- ing Esperanto in addition to the official English course. A further feature intended was the arranging of one-day cross-channel visits, during which many pupils, who were never likely to visit the continent for a longer period, would be able to meet their French and Esperanto pen friends and to have a practical opportunity of testing the relative values of their three languages as means of communication. "While this original scheme has had to undergo some modification, owing to organization difficulties on the French side, so that the ex- periment of trilingual communication between pupils of the same two schools is no longer feasible, the children have already eagerly begun correspondence with other young Esperantists in several lands, including France. Even at this early stage there are indications that, as far as the correspondence is concerned, communication through the neutral Es- peranto will prove more fluent and cover a wider range than that possible to those pupils who have French alone. Just how far these tendencies 6 will be substantiated by further experience, however, remains to be seen, and only time will be able to show in what degree the aims of the scheme will be achieved." It may be useful to come back later to some of the other points made in this London Times article. It would appear, however, that there is full justification for the author's cautious but constructive conclusion: "To sum up, it is clear that the factual evidence of results obtained even in those schools which have been teaching Esperanto for a number of years is as yet insufficient in quantity to be considered conclusive. At the same time, certain of the results produced are sufficiently sig- nificant to suggest that there is here a field for further research and ex- periment, which might well be undertaken at this time when the problems of international communication and understanding are more than ever important." Suggestions and Experiments in the Netherlands The examples given in the Educational Supplement of the London Times are, of course, only a few out of many. Similar experiences have been made in other countries. In the Netherlands, for instance, the daily newspaper Utrechts Nieuwsblad of September 11, 1957, summarized a lecture delivered in Utrecht by Dr. C. M. Burger, a high school teacher of French. On the basis of her own experience, she proposed that Esperanto be taught in elementary schools as a preparation for the teaching of French in high school. She explained why this, in her opinion, would produce better results than the teaching of French in elementary schools. According to her, the methods used for the teaching of French in Dutch grade schools are quite different from those practiced in high schools. This requires a radical readjustment on the part of the students and causes serious difficulties for some. The simplicity and logical struc- ture of Esperanto make it possible to teach grade school children the meaning and function of basic grammatical concepts. If these are de- monstrated only by examples from the children's native tongue, they remain theory. Esperanto makes it possible to show those concepts in action. This creates an excellent basis for the learning of French in high school, the Dutch educator declared. The ability and desire to use Esperanto can be developed by correspondence with children in other countries and, in some cases, by travel across the border. Dr. Burger pointed out that an interesting experiment is now under way in several schools in Haarlem, where one part of the fourth-grade and fifth-grade children are taught Esperanto, while the other part learns French. It might be pointed out at this time that the value of Esperanto as a basis for the study of other languages has also been demonstrated at the Montezuma Mountain School, a private school for boys at Los Gatos, California, where Esperanto has been a required subject in the eight grade since 1911. Principal E. A. Rogers stated: "We find the pupils taking the course become world-minded and are better prepared for a foreign language in the first year of high school." Linguaphone Russian Course: New, unused, complete with 16 records (32 lessons), 78 rpm, manual & study-guides, carrying case. List price $57.50. Member will sell for only $45- Write EANA for details. 1 /---------------------------------------------------- ESPERANTO IN ACTION AROUND THE WORLD The Austrian Minister of Education, the Governor and the Lieutenant Governor of Styria, the Mayor of Vienna, and the President of the Aus- trian Esperanto Federation constituted the Sponsoring Committee for ceremonies held at Knittelfeld from September 7 to 9, on the occasion of the inauguration of an Esperanto Street. The former Prime Minister of New Zealand, Sidney G. Holland, who headed the government from December 1949 to December 1957, has sent personal greetings to seven consecutive Universal Esperanto Congres- ses. At the Marseille Congress, in August 1957, the Prime Minister's best wishes were transmitted by W. H. King, of Christchurch, who also represented the New Zealand Esperanto Association. The International Christian Esperanto League (KELI) held its tenth international conference since World War II at Milnchenwiler Castle in Switzerland, in August 1957. Representatives from 8 countries and many Churches were present. The Navigators, an international Christian (evangelistic) group, has published again several booklets and leaflets in Esperanto under such titles as Komenci kun Kristo (Beginning with Christ), La Irado kun Kris- to (Going with Christ), and Enkonduka Bibliostudo (Introductory Bible Study). An Esperanto leaflet, of which 7,000 copies were printed, was exhausted after a few months. Specialized Esperanto organizations in Italy, in the Italian Esperanto Federation, are the Italian Esperanto Association of Railroad Employ- ees, the Italian Science Esperanto Club, the Italian Esperanto Asso- ciation for the Blind, and the Italian Catholic Esperanto Union. The Director General of the Austrian National Library, Dr. Stumvoll, sent a letter of congratulation to the International Esperanto Museum in Vienna, on the occasion of its thirtieth anniversary. The Esperanto Mu- seum is now a semi-independent part of the National Library. Dr. Stum- voll wrote: "Austria considers it its most noble task to play an inter- mediary role among the peoples of the world, in the service of peace and cooperation. The Esperanto Museum has already contributed a great deal to this endeavor." Grajnoj en Vento (Seeds in the Wind), a project of linking school classes in many countries through Esperanto correspondence and mutual friendship, is making rapid progress and now has 12 "circles" in oper- ation. A Swiss school teacher, Marcel Erbetta, started the ball rolling, a little over a year ago. 8 Experts and amateurs in bee-keeping benefited from Esperanto at a summer school for bee-keepers held at Saint-Crisol-les-AIes, Southern France, through the participation of a guest from Spain, who communi- cated with instructors and course members by means of Esperanto. Esperanto was the sole survivor among the languages taught in eve- ning classes of the Hastings Boys' High School in New Zealand, accord- ing to a report published in the New Zealand Esperantist of July-August 1957. French and German classes were also scheduled, but since their combined enrollment was only 5, these 5 decided to join with 16 others enrolled in an Esperanto class in the study of the interlanguage Espe- ranto. Esperanto is now the only language—other than English—taught in the evening classes. The Daily Mail Boys' Annual, in London, England, contains a 4-page illustrated article on Esperanto and its author, Dr. L. L. Zamenhof. Written by John Leslie, the article is entitled "The Green Star." The Forty-Fourth Japanese Esperanto Congress was held success- fully at the Catholic University of Nagoya in August 1957. Esperanto periodicals and bulletins are now published in countries all over the world, and their total number is somewhere between 120 and 200. It is difficult to keep up with the new ones, but some of those no- ticed recently for the first time are: Voĉo el Indonesio (Voice from Indo- nesia), Djakarta, Indonesia; La Juna Voĉo (The Young Voice), Monte- video, Uruguay; and Afrika Esperantisto (African Esperantist), Vrijheid, Union of South Africa. The Laboratory of Biological Chemistry of KagawaUniversity, Japan, recently published a research paper by Professor S. Kawamura in Espe- ranto, with summaries in English and Japanese. Our down-under friends in Australia and New Zealand are holding their Esperanto Congresses at the beginning of January, when it is sum- mer south of the equator. The 22nd New Zealand Esperanto Congress was scheduled to be held from December 28, 1957, to January 1, 1958, at Auckland; the 11th Australian Esperanto Congress, from January 2 to January 8, 1958, at Melbourne. The University of Sao Paulo, Brazil, features an Esperanto class in its College of Philosophy, Arts, and Sciences. It is scheduled to last three months, with four lessons a week. Another medical journal in Italy, "Therapeutica Nova", published in Milan, has begun to print Esperanto summaries of its articles. Other medical journals publishing Esperanto summaries include the Giornale di Clinica Medica and Igiene Modema in Italy, the journal de Medicine de Lyon in France, Acta Orthopaedica Belgica in Belgium, and a number of medical periodicals in Japan, including the Folia Anatomica Japonica, the Acta Anatomica Nipponica, the journal of the Physiological Society of japan, and the Nihon University Medical Journal. (See also The Use of Esperanto in Medical Science in American Esperanto Magazine, March- April 1957.) 9 The International Animals' Charter has been issued in an Esperanto translation, in connection with the celebration of World Day for Animals, on October 4, the Feast of St. Francis of Assisi. "Children of the World", a 15-volume world geography in Japanese, consisting almost exclusively of letters from school children all over the world, collected through the use of Esperanto, is to be followed by a two- volume shorter edition in Esperanto. The first volume will be devoted to Asia, the second and third to Europe, the fourth to the Americas, Austra- lia, and Africa. The price is expected to be one or two dollars per volume. Scotland's beautiful capital, Edinburgh, where the first Congress of the British Esperanto Association was held in 1908, will be host to the Association's Jubilee Congress at Easter 1958. The congress meetings are scheduled to be held at the Assembly Halls overlooking Princes Street Gardens. At a Masonic Convention held at Baumholder, Germany, which was attended by many Americans, the Bruder Meisterof the Felsentempel Lodge urged Masons to consider a world language, "so that productive work can be done in favor of the whole world." The source of this information is the May 1957 issue of the Empire State Mason. "The Devil's Finger," a strange story by Nils Christensen about a tin finger found in the ruins of Hamar Cathedral, Norway, has appeared in Esperanto under the title La Fingro de la Diablo. The Norwegian original had been published in 1953- At the Brussels World's Fair, in the summer of 1958, Esperanto-speak- ing interpreters will be on hand. The Organizing Committee has included Esperanto in the list of languages in which volunteers may pass the in- terpreter's examination. The other languages so recognized are English, German, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, and Russian. In Funchal, on the island of Madeira, an Esperanto exhibition was held during the famous December Festival which attracts tourists from Portugal and many countries throughout the world. Hawaiian history is the subject of articles by Yukiko Isobe appearing in Esperanto in La Revuo Orienta, in Japan. The beginnings of Christian- ity in Hawaii were described in the September 1957 issue. Shorthand and Esperanto have suffered a great loss in the death last April of Pierre Flageul of France, Editor of the Esperanto shorthand pe- riodical La Fluganta Skribilo (The Flying Pen). It is now edited by A.G. Provost in Paris. Pierre Flageul was the author of the Esperanto adapta- tion of the Duploye shorthand system. Esperanto adaptations exist for many systems including Pitman's, Intersteno, Stenotype, Gabelsberger, Stolze- Schrey, Arends, Radnai, Scheithauer, Worms, Noe, Delaunay, Aime-Paris, German Unified Stenography. A number of shorthand systems have been in- vented especially for Esperanto under such names as Aoro, Progresemo, Cies, Fonotipio. Esperanto was discussed and recommended at several international stenographic congresses. 10 kioliere's famous comedy, Les Precieuses Ridicules, a satire on af- fectation in speech, thought, and dress, has just been published in an Esperanto translation by Andre Ribot. Other Moliere plays in Esperanto are: Georges Dandin, translated by Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, author of Espe- ranto; L'Avare, "The Miser"; Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, "The Merchant Gentleman"; La Mariage Force, "The Forced Marriage", Le Malade Ima- ginaire, "The Hypochondriac"; Don ]uan; Le Misanthrope; and Amphitryon. Rock 'n Roll was used in Esperanto promotion by an Esperanto club in Sidcup, Southern England. An Esperanto song set to Rock 'n Roll music attracted a great deal of attention and publicity. International weddings via Esperanto continue to be fairly numerous. Latest additions to the list are Mr. and Mrs. Giuseppe Grattapaglia (the groom is Italian, the bride German) and Mr. and Mrs. Svetomir Mudimir (the groom is Yugoslav, the bride French). Peter Freuchen, the "vagrant Viking", Arctic explorer, and winner of $80,000 on the $64,000 Question and other quiz programs, died in Alaska last September. He was the author of colorful books on the seven seas, the Eskimos, and his wartime adventures with the Gestapo. Excerpts from his writings appeared in Esperanto in the literary magazine Norda Prismo in Sweden (in 1956 and 1957) and in the anthology Tria Rapsodio (1944). Karl Gustafsson and Dr. Ferenz Szilagyi were the translators. The Dutch newspaper "De Typhoon", in Zaandam, has resumed pub- lication of serialized Esperanto lessons. They appear on Saturdays for 26 consecutive weeks. Previous courses of this kind in the same news- paper have been markedly successful. An Esperanto semaphore system is described in a booklet recently published in Japan by JoŜiroo Jamaguci under the name Facila Semajoro Esperanta, The author claims that it has several advantages over other systems because it is based not on individual letters, but on syllables, and can, therefore, be operated faster. He says that this signalling sys- tem is applicable not only to Esperanto, but also to all languages. In Paris, France, an information bulletin for foreign visitors is pub- lished in Esperanto by Gaston Fournier under the title Pariza Informilo por Eksterlandanoj. At Hdlsingborg, Sweden, an Esperanto Section was part of a Hobby Exhibition. It included a recording which periodically gave explanations about Esperanto in Swedish as well as an effective sample of spoken Esperanto. At the Vforld Jamboree of Boy Scouts, in England, the Scout Espe- ranto League (Skolta Esperantista Ligo) held a meeting on August 10, 1957, with members and supporters from seven countries in attendance. The President of the organization, Scoutmaster L. J. Van Gulck, of Bel- gium, presented a report on the history of SEL, founded in 1918 by A. W. Thomson of England. It has affiliated groups and agents in more than twenty countries. In the United States, C. Stanley Otto, of West Orange, N. J., is in charge. 11 ESPERANTO IN THE SCHOOLS ZcC^ In the German Federal Republic Esperanto is taught in 8 elementary schools (109 students), 4 high schools (57 students), 8 people's colle- ges (118 students), one school for the blind (10 students), and one class of the Federal Railroad Administration (5 students), according to a cir- cular of the German Teachers' Esperanto Society. At Paranavai, in the Brazilian State of Parana, Esperanto is now being taught at the State Teachers College and at one public elementary school. In Japan, according to the Japanese Esperanto Institute, Esperanto was taught during the past year in "at least twenty schools" and in the Osaka College of Foreign Languages and the Kobe Municipal College of Foreign Languages. In Italy Esperanto classes are taught at the University of Parma and the Teachers-Training Institute of the University of Pisa as well as at a considerable number of high schools and commercial schools. In Yugoslavia Esperanto was taught during the past year in 66 schools as well as in the Economics Department of the University of Zagreb. In Soviet-occupied Lithuania, where the Esperanto movement was suppressed for many years, Esperanto classes are now reported to be under way at the Medical Institute, the Veterinarian Institute, and the Institute of Physical Culture of Kaunas, and at the Veterinarian Institute of Kapsuka. There is an Esperanto Circle at the State University of Vilnius (Vilna). In the Netherlands Esperanto is taught in "approximately 11 schools" and at the Municipal University of Amsterdam, according to the Dutch Esperanto Association. In Switzerland Esperanto is being taught at the present time in three schools. At the Catholic Greek Rite Seminary of Nyiregyhaza, Hungary, 22 seminarians are studying Esperanto in a class taught by the Reverend Imre Liky, according to the international Catholic Esperanto magazine, Espero Katolika. SO elementary school children are learning Esperanto in a class taught by S. Kosutiĉ in Zagreb, Yugoslavia. The Botanical Garden of the Veterinarian Institute of the University of Brno, Czechoslovakia, has published its 1957 "Seed Index" in Espe- ranto. In The Hague, Netherlands, 30 students are learning Esperanto in an experimental class at the Public Montessori School; it is taught by J. Verbruggen and was set up in cooperation with the local Board of Educa- tion and the Office "Esperanto in the Schools". In The Hague, Esperanto is also taught at a Technical High School by Mr. J. R. G. Isbrucker. 12 MAL-WORDS IN ESPERANTO Montagu C. Butler Member of the 'Akademio de Esperanto' The following article consists of extracts from a few pages of a large manuscript work by Mr. M. C. Butler entitled "Hints for Advanced Students". It has perhaps special relevance at this time. The prefix mal- is found in Eng. maladroit, malaprop(os), malcontent; Fr. mal-adroit(-aise-complaisant), and in other languages. It denotes the opposite of the idea expressed by the word it modifies. Examples: (Adjectival Roots): Mal-agrahl (-bel-bon-facil-fidel-grav-jun-kontent- lert-oft-plen-prudent-pur-riĉ-san)a, (Verbal Roots): Mal-am(-ben-dorm-esper-ĝoj-lum-sukces-sat)i. If the verb denotes an act or process, mal- reverses it. Malkonstrui, take to pieces. Also: Mal-aper(-dung-kaŝ-mend-ordig-ŝlos)i. Less obvious exam- ples from literature: maldankas; maldevi (sdevi ne); maldeziri; malgardi expose to danger; malhavi, miss, do without ("Fanny", 204, 218); mal- kondamni, acquit; malkonjesi, deny, disavow ("Genezo", 18/15); mal- montri, keep to oneself; malpardoni, nurse resentment; malpremi, take a weight off. (Noun Roots): Mal-amik(-honor-supr)o. Less obvious examples; pa- roli malflame (coldly); la malkavafoj de pavimo; malvento, dead calm. (Other Roots): Malantaŭ, malplej, malpli. (Independent Use): Diri la malon (opposite, reverse); havi malan opinion; male, on the contrary. Maligi, reverse. Of course, not every root can have an opposite. Mal- tablo, for example, has no meaning. What is the opposite of a table? A writer in "Psyche" distinguishes the 14 pairs be fore-after, up-down, British-alien, ill-well, liberty-slavery, ruler-ruled, hard-soft, open-shut, man-brute, love-hate, kind-unkind, hot-cold, learned-ignorant, black- white, as being in 14 different classes of opposition. But some of them seem to be more definitely opposites than others. In practice, the use of mal- is not confined to logical opposites, but may have a wider ex- tension according to context, circumstances, or viewpoint. Semi-humorous nonce-formations like maliri, malne, malnigra, mal- plori, malrespondi, malsudo, malvintro (= veni, jes, blanka, ridi, demandi, nordo, somero) are not impossible, and might even be appropriate in cer- tain contexts. Formations that are obscure, or doubtfully intelligible (e.g. maljam, malja) may well be left alone. Yet even malbaldaŭ (post longa tempo), maltre (nut iomete), maltuj (post longa atendo), should not be condemned too hastily: such impromptus may have their use on oc- casion. In a recent lecture a speaker said quite naturally: Jen tio, jen maltio! Though maltio in itself has little meaning, in the context it was the obvious word to use. When the writer's three-year-old child, watching a toy with a soldier disappearing and reappearing at a chalet window, said: Jen li! Nun li estas for! Nun li estas mal for!; and at four years said: Iri sur la strato estas danĝere; iri sur la trotuaro estas maldanĝere, —and— Patro ne laboras dimanCe; Patro laboras maldimanĉe, she was thinking in the language; and these words from her lips were natural, intelligible, and wholly admirable. Etymologically mal- comes from L. malus (:bad). But mal- does not 13 mean bad. The translation of malodorous, malevolent is not malodora, malvola, but malbonodora, malbonvola {malodora in "Hamleto", 96, is merely a concession to metre). Nevertheless, when one of a pair of op- posites is better than the other, the simple root usually denotes the idea that is positive, more desirable; and with mal- the idea that is negative, less desirable. It is presumably better to love; to be friendly, high, good, polite, healthy, rich, wise, than the opposites of these things; so it is the opposites that are denoted by mal-. This, however, is not invariably the case. We find malavara, malbe- daŭri (priĝoji), malenvii, maljalsa, malŝuldigi ("Nehemja", 5/10), mal- timi. But such forms are exceptional, and similar formations {e.g.malfuŝi, malhaladzi, malkruela, malmensogi, malpeka), are usually inadvisable. Some writers wish to introduce alternatives for common waZ-words: in fact, there is almost a crusade against this inoffensive suffix. They say: (1) MaZ-words, though clear, may be long or clumsy (cp. malpli mal- granda with pli granda), and especially in a conglomeration: Lamaljeliĉa malriĉulo malgaje malaperis malproksimeru (2) It is possible to hesitate between jermi and maljermi: both being very positive actions, though with other similar pairs no difficulty is felt. (3) To introduce scores of new roots to replace mal-words would give the poet new rhymes. (4) Al- ready eta, jora, are used as alternatives of malgranda, malproksima, and several official words are more or less equivalents of raaZ-words; e.g. e/emera-maldaŭra; ^^ereZf-malpaci; stuZra-malsprita; sVwrapi-malsveli; while aŭdaci-mahimi; neglekti-malatenti; obskura-malklaia; have pretty well arrived. Why not, similarly, aperti (far better, ovri) instead of mal- jermi; and aspr(-bas-din-dur-jebI-frid(better,kold)-injr-kurt-lant-leĝer-loz- magr-morb-noc-old-orgojl- pigr- From "Practical Esperanto", Dr. Wm. Benson plump - soft- tard- tenebr- trist- turp)a, instead of mal-glat(-alt- dik - mol - fort -varm -supr -long- rapid-pez-streĉ(firm)-gras-san- util - fun (nov) - humil - diligent- graci-laŭt-fru-lum-gaj-bel)a? Let us consider this. The re- action of the individual to the above list will vary with his na- tionality and his polyglotism. Frid, lant, magr, orgojl, pigr, for example, would have no ap- peal to the monoglot English- man, while dur, loz, plump, trist, turp, he would naturally associate with dour or during, lose, plump, tryst, and turps (or turpitude, which, by the way, denotes not malbeleco but malboneco). The Oriental would reject the lot as need- less complications and a strain on the memory. One great as- set of Esperanto is its ease of acquirement, and the fact that there is no exception to any rule. To replace common wa/-words wholesale by new roots would make the language irregular, and more difficult to learn and to use. The student would continually hesitate, wondering which alternative to choose, and why; and would look for differentiations between them. All existing text-books and literature would be out of date; our proud boast of the stability of the language on the basis of the netuŝebla Fundamento would cease to be true; and the language would split into dialects. To say that these are "poetical words, to be reserved for poetry only", is to ask the impossible: they would inevitably creep into every- day use. Some of the proposed forms, moreover, are neither shorter nor more convenient than those with mal. Olda and povra are briefer, but lose the valuable distinction between maljuna and malnova; malriĉa and kom- patinda. Dura with two meanings, and fajna with four, mean real loss of clarity. Kalocsay states that tago malvarma, malgaja, sensuna, conveys the impression varma, gaja, suna. This is certainly not true. To the Esper- antist they definitely convey the idea intended, and no other. The En- glish sunless does not convey the idea sunny: the Frenchman saying malheureux does not think of heureux: the German saying Beobachtung does not mentally analyse it into Be-ob-acht-ung. In practice the every- day word is taken as a whole, and its compound nature is forgotten. It is indeed for this reason that rhymes like lernejo, preĝejo, are less ob- jectionable adasisms than, say, boniĝas, beliĝas, in which a suffix- repetition is felt. There is truth on both sides. There is no case for a crusade against mal-woids. There may be some case for a few alterna- tives for compounds that are over-worked, too long, or unprecise. Of course, this is only one item in a general campaign to replace the cleat everyday affix-formations of the Fundamento by "naturalistic" new roots. Instead of arb (-kamp-map-ŝip-vagon)aro we get jorsto, ruro, atlaso, flot(e)o, trajno; fos(-tranc)ilo become ŝpato, kutelo; preĝ(-malliber- neces) ejo become kirko, prizeno, klozeto; and patr(-sinjor) ino become matro, damo. Instead of everyday words like fiero, manĝi, printempo, we learn orgojlo, vori, primavero. And there are hundreds more. A child who has learned from his mother's knee to say Mi havas du brakojn kaj du krurojn is puzzled to be told that he must unleatn this, and remember that now a kruro means only half a kruro, and that he must call it a gambo. And he will find it difficult to replace mi estas malsana, abomena jrosto, malbela rivereto, by mi estas morba, hida gelo, turpa rojo. I know a boy — a denaska Esperantisto — who lost interest and confidence in Esper- anto owing to these uncertainties. This naturalistic attack on the autonomous agglutinative and logical character of the language, which is its strength, is entirely retrograde, and introduces the irregularities and the giant dictionaries which Zamen- hof's genius so brilliantly avoided (see his famous letter to Borovko). The danger is not in creating needed technical and scientific terms, but in jettisoning common words of everyday life. Certainly, any deliberate wholesale disuse of mal- (or of any other affix) is a disruptive and re- trograde step, to be strongly resisted. 15 DEKLARO Ni legis cirkuleron, kiun la Centra Oficejo de UEA sendis "al Ian- da], fakaj kaj specialigitaj organizaĵoj, ĉefdelegitoj kaj perantoj, re- dakcioj de Esperantaj gazetoj, Esperanto-eldonejoj kaj libroservoj", kaj en kiu la Komitato de UEA alvokas tiujn organizojn kiel ankaŭ la unuopajn Esperantistojn, "interrompi. . . hun Amerika Esperantisto ĉi- ujn rilatojn eĉ pure komercajn". Ni bedaŭras tiun alvokon al bojkoto kontraŭ unu el la plej malnovaj kaj gravaj gazetoj Esperantistaj. Oni informis nin, ke la alvokon kaŭzis precipe malkontenteco pri artikolo de D-ro William Solzbacher, Akademiano, kiu kritike prijuĝas libron kaj opiniojn de la Generala Sekretario de UEA. Ne esprimante ĉi tie opinion pri la temoj pritraktitaj, ni malaprobas la uzon de komerca bojkoto anstataŭ raciaj argumentoj. Laŭ nia opinio la rajto de libera parolo kaj libera kritiko kaj la rajto havi malsaman opinion pri teoriaj kaj organizaj aferoj, ne povas esti detruataj ef per unuanimaj rezolucioj. Ni esperas, ke la Esperant- isto] ne obeos la alvokon al bojkoto. SUBSKRIBIS: D-ro Antonio Alemdn Ruiz, Sekretario de la Kuba Esperanto-Asocio Pastro A. Beckers, Prezidanto de la Internacia Katolika Unuiĝo Esp-a Prof. John Al. Brewer, Prezidanto, Esperanto-Asocio de Nord-Ameriko Oscar Bunemann, Akademiano, Honora Membro UEA, Hamburg, Germanujo M. C. Butler, Akademiano, Eduka Sekretario, Brita Esperanto-Asocio Gabriel Chavet, Akademiano, eks-Sekr., Esperantista Centra Oficejo A. Caetano Coutinho, Direktoro, Brazila Esperantisto, Hon. Mem. UEA Pastro W. J. Downes, Akademiano, Estrarano, Kristana Esp. Ligo Int-a Felix Epstein, UEA-Komitatano, Hon. Membro, Germana Esperanto-Asocio F. Faulhaber, Akademiano, Redakciano de La Progresanto, Nederlando C. C. Goldsmith, Red., The British Esperantist, eks-Ĝen. Sekr. de UEA Enrique Gonzalez, Redaktoro de "EK'l", Mendoza, Argentino Oscar R. Gregorio, Sekr. de la Studenta Esperanta Centro, Mendoza Hans Jakob, UEA-Komitatano, eks-Gen. Sekr. kaj eks-Direktoro de UEA Pastro D-ro J. B. Kao, O.F.M., el Ĉinujo, nun en Rio de Janeiro Hans Kursleiner, Honora Prezidanto de UEA, St. Gallen, Svisujo D-ro W. J. A. fAanders, Akademiano, Venlo, Nederlando Eulalia Marks, Vicprezidanto de la Esperanto-Asocio de Nord-Ameriko D-ro J. B. Mello e Souza, eks-Gen. Sekr. de Brazila Esperanto-Ligo Ernesto Muiioz, Prezidanto de la Studenta Esperanta Centro, Mendoza A. C. Oliver, eks-Estrarano de UEA, eks-Prez., Brita Esperanto-Asocio D-ro Antonio R. Rosado, Prezidanto de Kuba Esperanto-Asocio, Habana Petro Stojan, aŭtoro de Bibliografio de Internacia Lingvo, Nice D-ro T. van Gindertaelen, eks-Prezidanto de Flandra Ligo Esperantista Pastro H. J. Wannemakers, S.J., antaŭe en Indonezio, nun en Nederlando D-ro Stephen Zamenhof, Profesoro en Columbia-Universitato, New York 16 KIUJ ESTAS LA SUBSKRIBINTOJ ? Pri la unuaj 20 subskribintoj de la Deklaro informoj aperis en la No- vembra-Decembra numero sur paĝoj 145-147. Ni nun publikigas similajn informojn pri la eminentuloj, kies subskriboj atingis nin poste. Pastro A. Beckers en Kwaadmechelen, Belgujo, estas Prezidanto de la Internacia Katolika Unuiĝo Esperantista (IKUE) de 1950 kaj prezidis kelkajn kongresojn de tiu organize Gis 1950 li estis Vicprezidanto. Li verkis referaton por la M-a Esperantista Eŭkaristia Mondkunveno en Rio de Janeiro (1955) kaj multajn artikolojn por Espero Katolika. Li ankaŭ estas Delegito kaj Fakdelegito de UEA. August Oscar Biinemann en Hamburg, Germanujo, Membro de la Aka- demio de Esperanto kaj Honora Membro de UEA, lernis Esperanton en Paris en 1905, uzis la lingvon en multaj landoj, tradukis la faman verkon de Ibsen, Reaperantoj (ĝi aperis nekomplete en 1910, komplete en 1925), redaktis la gazeton Vegetarano de 1914 ĝis 1932. Li estis Delegito de UEA en Hamburg dum multaj jaroj. La Germana Esperanto-Asocio pre- zentis al li sian Honoran Insignon en 1931 - Antdnio Caetano Coutinho, Direktoro de la gazeto Brazila Esperant- isto kaj Honora Membro de UEA, estas Esperantisto de 1904. Tradukinto de la Unuaj Lecionoj de Profesoro Cart en la portugalan lingvon en 1905, li fariĝis Membro de la Lingva Komitato en 1905, lad elekto en la Unua Universala Kongreso de Esperanto en Boulogne-sur-Mer. En 1957 la 15-a Brazila Esperanto-Kongreso honoris lin per la titolo "Patro de la Brazila Esperanto-Movado". Li ankafl estas Fakdelegito de UEA en Rio de Janeiro. Pastro W. J. Dowries, B.A., B.D., estas "Tutor and Bursar" de West- ern College en Bristol, Anglujo, kaj Rekonita Instruisto de la Univer- sitato de Bristol. Li estas Membro de la Akademio de Esperanto de 1949 kaj Estrarano de la Kristana Esperantista Ligo Internacia (KELI), Ho- nora Prezidanto de la Kunularo de Britaj Kristanaj Esperantistoj (Fel- lowship of British Christian Esperantists) kaj redaktoro de ĝia organo Kristana Alvoko. Li faris predikojn en diversaj naciaj kaj internaciaj Esperanto-kongresoj. Dum multaj jaroj li prizorgis korespondkursojn de Esperanto. La Brita kaj Alilanda Biblia Societo komisiis lin, science kaj gramatike trarigardi la Esperanto-eldonon de la Sankta Biblio. D-ro Antonio R. Rosado en Habana estas Prezidanto de la Kuba Es- peranto-Asocio. Li emeritiĝis kiel supera provinca juĝisto Ĉe Santiago. Dum multaj jaroj li estas en la estraro de la Esperanto-movado en Kubo. Pastro H.J. Wannemakers, S.J., en Den Haag, Nederlando, iam estis profesoro en Jokjakarta, Indonezio. Tre aktiva en IKUE, li estas aŭtoro de la katolika preĝlibro Tutmonda Laŭdo, de multaj artikoloj aperintaj en la gazeto Espero Katolika kaj de prelego por la Ill-a Esperantista Eŭkaristia Mondkunveno en Rio de Janeiro (1955). Ĉiuj subskriboj estas personaj, ne en la nomo de organizoj. Plua listo de subskribintoj eventuale estos publikigata. 17 LA ESPERANTISTARO MALAPROBAS LA BOJKOTON Unu el la plej eminentaj pioniroj de Esperanto en Brazilo, Profesoro J.B.Melio e Souza, sendante al ni sian subskribon por la Deklaro kontraŭ la bojkotrezolucio, aldonis leteron, kies publikigon en la gazeto li per- mesis: "Tre kara amiko: Mi deziras sciigi al vi kaj al niaj estimataj gesam- ideanoj, kiuj direktas kaj redaktas Amerikan Esperantiston, ke mi varme protestas kontraŭ la alvoko dissendita de l'Komitato de UEA pere de la Centra Oficejo,laŭ la rezolucio aprobita en Marseille la 9-an deAŭgusto. "Mi tute malaprobas tiun nekredindan decidon, kiu reprezentas gravan ofendon al nia konscienco. Neniel kaj neniam mi permesos, ke iu ajn or- donu al mi: 'Ne legu tion!' aŭ 'Ne ekzamenu la opiniojn de tiu sinjoro aŭ de tiu gazeto pri tiu afero!' "Mi esperas, ke Ĉiuj pensemaj Esperantistoj, kiuj scias, ke libereco estas nepre necesa por la progresado de ideoj, tuj malaprobos, kiel mi, ciajn perfortajn decidojn. Opiniojn kaj argumentojn oni devas, se necese estas, kontraŭbatali per aliaj argumentoj, neniam per truda devigo. "Mi povas sciigi al vi, ke kelkaj brazilaj Esperantistoj, kleraj kaj sindonemaj kunbatalantoj por nia movado, pensas tute sammaniere kiel mi koncerne la malprudentan decidon." El diversaj landoj Esperantistoj skribas al ni tute laŭ propra iniciato pri la afero. Ekzemple el Britujo, S-ro A. J. L. Hughes, tradukinto de la rakontoj de John Masefield, el kiuj unu aperas en la nuna numero de AE, skribas: "Mi tute konsentas kun la Deklaro . .. Se vi deziras aldoni no- ton al mia rakonto, vi povas fari tion, dirante, ke, kvankam la tradukinto sendis al vi la manuskripton antaŭ la 'malpermeso', li poste malkase es- primis la deziron, ke ĝi estu publikigata, por montri, kion li, kiel mem- bro de UEA, pensas pri la bojkoto." Cetere Ŝajnas, ke la bojkotrezolucio eC havigas al ni kelkajn novajn abonantojn. Samideanino en Britujo, sendante al ni sian abonon, skrib- as: "Mi estas membro de UEA de sufiĉe multaj jaroj kaj volas fari mian propran opinion pri la artikoloj," Ion tian cetere antaŭvidis eks-Vicprezidanto de UEA, kiu skribis al ni: "Mi tute nenion farus, se mi estus vi. Car ofte jam montriĝis en la historio, ke Ĉiu malbona faro punas sin mem, kaj ke cetere, se oni mal- permesas ion al la homoj, ili fariĝas scivolaj kaj kontraŭas la malper- meson." Por la Deklaro ni serCis ne multajn, sed altkvalitajn subskribojn. Antaŭ la publikigo ni sendis la tekston al proksimume 50 personoj, al kelkaj el ili nur informcele. Ni ricevis preskaŭ 40 respondojn. Nur unu el la respondantoj, membro de la nuna Estraro de UEA, Sajnis favori la bojkotrezolucion, sed eC li skribis: "Mi nur opiniis, ke oni ne postulu komercan bojkoton." Kelkaj eminentuloj, kiujn ni invitis subskribi la Deklaron, deziris, ke iliaj nomoj ne estu enmiksitaj en disputon pri tia afero. Unu sub- skribis, sed poste kun bedaŭro retiris la subskribon por eviti eblan mal- utilon al grava entrepreno. Alia volis subskribi, "se tio estas nepre ne- cesa", sed, pripensinte ĉiujn cirkonstancojn, ni respondis, ke lia sub- skribo ne estas nepre bezonata. Kelkaj eminentuloj diris, ke iliaj landaj 18 asocioj pritraktos la aferon kaj ke ili ne volas fari ion antaŭ tio en sia propra nomo. Tamen preskaŭ Ciuj, kiuj rifuzis subskribi, esprimis sian malaprobon de la bojkotrezolucio en pli fortaj vortoj ol la Deklaro. Eks-Vicprezid- anto de UEA nomis la bojkotrezolucion "stultajo" kaj diris: "Se mi estus D-ro Solzbacher, ... mi fierus . . ., se mia artikolo ricevus tian reagon, Car ĝi montrus al mi, ke mi pravas. Se mi malpravus, oni ja kontraŭargu- mentus." Eks-Prezidanto de UEA nomis la bojkotrezolucion "nekonsil- inda" kaj skribis pri Amerika Esperantisto, ke li "sincere trovas ĝin tre interesa". Eks-Prezidanto de unu el la plej gravaj landaj asocioj skrib- as, ke la bojkotrezolucio "transpasas la limojn de taŭga konduto". La Prezidanto de alia grava landa asocio, Komitatano de UEA, nomis la tutan aferon "stulta polemiko", kiun li ne deziras "pliakrigi". Prezid- anto de ankoraŭ alia landa asocio, ankaŭ Komitatano de UEA, skribas, ke laŭ lia opinio estas eraro pensi, ke la "admono interrompi kontaktojn kun EANA kaj Amerika Esperantisto" estas reago kontraŭ la artikoloj de D-ro Solzbacher, Car "ili estas nur scienca kaj literatura kritiko aŭ pri- trakto de kulturaj problemoj kaj kiel tiaj tute aprobindaj". Letero de UEA-Komitatano, kiu mem partoprenis en la "unuanima" voCdono en Marseille Sajnas montri, ke almenaŭ kelkaj Komitatanoj ne bone komprenis, kion ili faris. Li skribas: "Bonvolu kompreni, ke ne temas pri 'bojkoto'en la senco, ke povas ekzisti 'bojkotrompantoj', kiujn oni 'punas'. Sed temas pri rekomendo, kiu tamen donas plenan liberon al Ciu ano de UEA kaj al la aniĝintaj organizoj. Mi persone tre volonte legis viajn artikolojn kaj legos, se mi havos okazon plu ricevi Amerikan Esperantiston, Car mi estas dankema al tiuj samcelanoj, kiuj okupas sin pri niaj aktualaj Esperanto-aferoj internaj tiom multe, ke ili povas lerte kaj rajte kritiki." Fama verkisto kaj Honora Membro de UEA ne volis subskribi la Dek- laron, sed rimarkigis: "Ne pensu pro tio, ke mi aprobas bojkoton. . . Unu aferon permesu al mi diri: Viajn artikolojn en Amerika Esperantisto, kvankam mi ne Ciam konsentas pri viaj kritikoj, mi tamen Ciam legas kun intereso kaj profito. Per sola aplaŭdado oni ne servas al la progreso." URBO DE LA "BQLETIH' SUFERIS KATASTROFON Valencia sub diluvo kaj inundo estas informoj senditaj al ni de Luis Hernandez, la redaktoro de Boletin (oficiala organo de la Hispana Espe- ranto-Federacio, kies sidejo estas en tiu mediteranea urbo). La terura katastrofo okazis la 14an de oktobro, disportante detruon, pereon kaj morton. La kutime trankvila rivero Turia elbordiĝis kaj lavange inundis la urbon. Tiel forta estis la impeto de la alfluo, ke en furioza ondado la rivero penetris, englutinte Cion, eC en la urbocentron. Oni diras, ke pli ol tricent domoj estis plene detruitaj, kaj neniu hejmo restis sen difektiĝo. La nombro de viktimoj alproksimiĝis al la dua milo. Estis la plej granda kataklismo en la tuta historio de la urbo Valencio. Sed bon- fiance neniu Esperantisto perdis la vivon nek suferis gravan perdon de sia havajo, laŭ lastatempaj informoj de la "Boletin". Ni simpatias kun la suferantoj en la afliktita urbo Valencio. 19 The Esperanto Association of North America Konkurso pri Novaj Membroj: Post la listo publikigita en Maja-Junia n-ro de AE, la sekvantaj personoj varbis novajn membrojn por EANA: D.Jagerman (1), ]. Gamble (1), D-ro A, Alemdn (1), Rev. R. Sparks (1), H. Kruse (6), A. Smith (1), F. Neumann (1), H.Tobusch (1), /. Hordiuk (1), D-ro W. Solzbacher (16), D. Walton (4), /. Percy (1), Max Bear (12), F. Hoekstra (7), D. A//£e (5), H. Walton (3), C. Pflf is (2), H. Kaczowski (2), C. Prewitt (1), £. Yunghans (3), N. Sowan (1), G. Fi'rscA (1), P. Mimlitsch (2). Jen "la unuaj kvin", kiuj varbis plej multe da novaj membroj dum 1957: D-ro Wm. Solzbacher (17), Max Bear (12), Faith Hoekstra (10), Henry Kruse (9), Donald Walton (8). "Amerika Esperantisto" en Bibliotekoj: Membroj de EANA konstante abonigas Publikajn aŭ Instituciajn Bibliotekojn al nia gazeto. Lasta- tempe la jenaj personoj sendis kontribuajojn por tiu celo: D. Walton (1), A. Alfaroli (3), Wm. Vathis (5), V. Whanger (5), D. Munro (1), E. Knud- sen (1), Rev. A. Sandro (1). Koran dankon al Ĉiuj. Renovigante vian mem- brecon en EANA, aldonu abonon por via loka Publika Biblioteko, aŭ iu alia grava publika institucio en Usono. Tiuj donac-abonoj kostas nur $1.00 jare. Nova Dumviva Membro de EANA estas Ralph L. Williams, Jr., el Bal- timore, Md., kaj New York. "Bill", kiel li nomiĝas, partoprenas kunvenojn de la loka Nov-Jorka klubo kaj jam Ceestis tri kongresojn de EANA. Ni sore bonvenigas lin kaj sincere dankas pro lia subteno. Kontribuoj al la Subtena Kaso: D-ro Wm. J. H. Knappe $1, Olivier de Guise $3, Dona Jo McQuade $2, Y. Gulsoy $2, William P. Vathis $1.50, "Dankema leganto de AE el EUropo" $5, Rev. R. Sparks $2, C. D. Prew- itt $5, Stanley Otto $5, Grace Randolph $12, /. P. A. Greenwood $5.05, Max Bear $9-50, D. Scott, S. Korzla. Koran dankon al ĉiu. The Honor Roll of EANA (Sustaining Board Members, Patrons, Donors of ten or more Library Subscriptions, etc.) will be printed in the next is- sue of AE. There is still time for your name to appear in the list, if you send your renewal as Patron, Member of Sus Bd, or Donor. You can help tremendously by raising your category of membership this year. The Sustaining Board of EANA is of extreme importance to the finan- cing of your Association, since it is the self-help basis for continuing to receive extra funds from outside sources. Are YOU on the Board? If not, won't you add your name for this important year 1958, with a donation of $3 per month? ($2 for student; $5 or $10 for those who can.) Increase in EANA Membership: We are happy to report largest member- ship at year-end, Dec. 31, 1957, since beginning such counts 5 years ago. Esperanto Film "Introducing New Zealand": May be obtained by send- ing a fee of $1.00, with request for booking to: New Zealand Embassy, 19 Observatory Circle, Washington 8, D. C. 20 ESPERANTA KRONIKO La gazeto PMLA (Publications of the Modern Language Association of America) menciis en sia numero de Decembro 1957 la verkon de D-rino Ivy Kellerman Reed, kiu komparas Esperanton kaj la Interlingua-projekt- on de IALA. Pri la artikolo de S-ro Montagu C. Butler, Akademiano, "Angla Opinio pri Amerika Esperantisto", venis rimarkoj el diversaj partoj de la mondo. El Svedujo S-ro Paul Nylcn, Akademiano, Esperantisto de pli ol 65 jatoj kaj unu el la plej eminentaj kaj meritplenaj pioniroj de nia movado, skri- bis la 16-an de Decembro 1957: "Tiu gazeto (Amerika Esperantisto) est- as ja inter la plej bone redaktataj en Esperantujo kun ege valoraj arti- koloj, kaj mi plene samopinias kun mia malnova amiko Butler (p. 148, nov-dec. 1957)." El Svedujo ankaŭ S-ro Karl-Olof Sandgren, renovigante la abonon al AE por si kaj sia edzino (Anna Alamo-Sandgren), skribis la 20-an de Decembro: "Mi legadas vian gazeton kun ne malpli da inte- reso, kaj amiko Butler esprimis sur p. 148 opinion, kiu proksimume estas ankaŭ la mia." El Aŭstralio S-ro F, R. Banham, Redaktoro de La Rondo, skribis la 16-an de Novembro: "En la Novembra-Decembra numero de La Rondo mi publikigis ion antaŭ ol vidi rimarkojn de Butler. Notu la simil- econ de lia kaj mia opinioj pri Amerika Esperantisto: . .. 'La gazeto de EANA estas bibliografie tre valora. Mi ne konas similan, kiu rajtus kom- pariĝi kun ĝi. Neniu serioza studanto de nia movado, en ĝiaj historiaj kaj ankaŭ ĝiaj aktualecaj aspektoj, volonte senigus sin je tiurevuo...'..." Do novo/ projektoj por internacia lingvo aperis lastatempe. Unu est- as nomita sumo", kaj estas inventafo de kuracisto D-ro Barnett Rus- sell en Kalifornio. Gi estas tute apriora, sen iu ajn rilato al vivantaj lingvo-elementoj. Ciu vorto Ŝajnas esti el la imago de D-ro Russell. Li nomas ĝin "la mil-vorta universala lingvo". Gi havas 19 literojn, ĉiam skribatajn per minuskloj. Eble kelkaj vortoj montros la sistemon: salut- on- moli, bonan matenon- moli, bonan tagon -meli, bonan nokton - meli, fronta pordo -pago tago, malfronta pordo -pigo tago, flanka pordo - kiso tago, glaso da biero-gfme bira. La dua projekto estas nomita "/og/on" kaj estas la inventafo de profesoro D-ro James C. Brown en Florido. Li planas vortaron de kvin mil ĝis dek mil vortoj. La centra ideo de"loglan" (t.e. "logika lingvo" ) estas por miksi vorterojn el ordinaraj vortoj de la lingvoj angla, ĉina, rusa, japana, hispana, germana, hinda, kaj franca, por ke Ĉiu persono trovu peceton de sia propra vorto en la vorto-miksafo de "loglan". Ekzemple la vorto por homoj estas menmi, kiu devenis de la angla "men" (homoj), la lastaj du literoj de la Ĉina "ren" (homoj), lastaj du literoj de la hinda "admi" (homoj), kaj la tri komencaj literoj de la germana "Menscben" (homoj). Laii D-ro Brown, Ciu persono tia- maniere rekonos la "loglan"-vortojn. La profesoro ankaŭ inventis divers- ajn enigmo-Iudojn. Kaj tiu lasta fakto fetas lumon sur lian "internacian lingvon", kiu estas vere nur speco de ludado per vorteroj (t.e. enigmo- miksafo de pecetoj de vortoj el la plej variaj fontoj). Sed notu, ke la tuta historio de vere vivantaj internaciaj lingvoj estas: Volapuk, Esper- anto (post la morto de Volapŭk), Esperanto kaj Ido, kaj nuntempe nur Esperanto (post la morto de Ido). Ciuj aliaj estas nur projektoj, aŭ pli precize — ludiloj. 21 Pasfro Robert Sparks, West Avon Church, Avon, Conn., informas nin, ke li kaj la edzino ĉeestos la Universalan Kongreson en Mainz, German- ujo, en 1958. Hi ankaŭ vizitos amikojn en Anglujo kaj sur la kontinento, kiujn ill konis dum jaro de instruado en Manchester, Anglujo, kaj dum vojaĝo tra Eŭropo, en la jaro 1956. Pastro Sparks ĉiam tre afable helpas al la Asocio, kaj servis per preĝoj Ĉe la malfermo de tri kongresoj de EANA: New York 1953, New York 1954, kaj Newark 1957. Salutoj el Koreo venis de kelkaj Esperantistoj tie. Nia membro Sol- dato Enrique Fong, deĵoras en la usona armeo en Koreo. Li skribis al ni pri vizito al Japanlando en novembro 1957. Pro Esperanto kaj pro la bel- eco de Japanlando, li tre multe ĝuis la viziton en tiu lando. La gazeton "Amerika Esperantisto" oni Ŝatas inter kleraj Esperant- istoj en Eŭropo. Unu ekzemplo el multaj estas S-ro Menu en Francujo, kiam li sendis abonon: "Specimeno de via gazeto 'Amerika Esperantisto' atingis min. Traleginte ĝin, mi povis konstati, ke ĝi havas belan aspekt- on kaj interesas min pro la artikoloj kiujn ĝi enhavas. Por mi plezuro estas duobla, kiam mi legas ĝin, Car mi ankaŭ konas la anglan lingvon." "Bazaj 500 Esperantaj Vortoj" verŝajne estis pritraktitaj ie en la li- teraturo de Esperanto. Membro nia demandas pri tiu afero. Ni opiniis, ke estis en la libro "Verda Koto" (Baghy), sed oni parolas pri bazaj 1000 vortoj en tiu verko. Cu iu leganto de "AE" scias pri listo aŭ pritrakto de "bazaj 500 vortoj" por simple verki en Esperanto? S-ro John P. A. Greenwood, patrona membro de EANA en Kalifornio, paroladis antaŭ sia 'Tagmanĝo-Klubo' en oktobro pri Esperanto. Li ra- portas pri bona sukceso tiurilate. Kiel propagandiloj por disdoni, li util- igis la foliojn "Tune in on the World" kaj "Esperanto at a Glance". Michael Goldenberg estas nova membro de EANA en kolegio en Nov- Jorko, sed li jam studas Esperanton diligente, disdonas propagandilojn al siaj kunstudantoj, kaj eĉ faris paroladon pri Esperanto en kurso nom- ita Lingvistiko I. La parolado bone sukcesis, pro la kapablo de Michael kaj (eble!) pro tio, ke ĝi okazis en la "bonŝanca tago" vendrede la 13an de decembro. Li ricevos diplomon de bakalaŭro de lingvoj kaj literaturo en januaro 1958. Gratulon al li. Lima Esperanto-Asocio, Lima, Ohio, estas unu el niaj lokaj grupoj kiuj aliĝas al EANA centprocente. Dum multaj jaroj ni jam fieras pri tiu bonega grupo, sub la prezidanteco de D-rino Luella K. Beecher, Si estas eminentulino ne nur en la Esperanto-Movado, sed ankaŭ en la Ba- haista Kredo. La asocio en Lima konsistas el Bahaistoj, kiuj samtempe estas Esperantistoj. Antaŭ multaj jaroj, tiu grupo gastigis belan kon- greson de EANA en Lima. Letero de la sekretariino, S-ino Arthur M, Vaughn, kun kotizoj kaj bondeziroj por la Nova Jaro, informis nin, ke D-rino Beecher iris al Grenada, B.W.I.,por resti dum la vintro. Ni be- daŭtas audi pri la malsano de S~ro Earl Sealts, kaj deziras al li bonan resaniĝon. La oficistoj elektitaj por la nova jaro estas: D-rino Luella K. Beecher, Prezidanto; S-ino Harry Jay, Vic-Prezidanto; F-ino Mae Ayers, Dua Vic-Prezidanto; kaj S-ino Arthur M. Vaughn, Sekretario-Kas- isto, Bondezirojn al ĉiuj en la Lima Esperanto-Asocio por la Nova Jaro. 22 S-ro Adriano Ragracias, Samar, Filipinaj Insuloj, leganto de Amerika Esperanlisto dum multaj jaroj, skribas pri propaganda; klopodoj, kiujn li faras tie. Li nun estas Provinca Inspektoro pri Saneco en Samar. Li ankaŭ studas juron. En la jaro 1947, AE (en la maja-aŭgusta numero) presis leteron de li al la Jus restarigita Esperanto-movado en Japanujo — tuj post la milito. Kvankam S-ro Ragracias estis aktiva filipina gerilo, kiu batalis kontraŭ la Japanoj, li estis inter la unuaj por etendi la manon de paco al la jus venkitaj "malamikoj". Esperantaj ideoj por plibonigi niajn propagandon kaj laboron venas de Olive Morris, Detroit, kiu ceestis la 47-an Kongreson de EANA. Unu sugesto estas, ke oni kuraĝigu komencantojn porti insignon kun la li- tero "K" aŭ "L", signifanta komencanton aŭ lernanton. Tiamaniere la spertaj Esperantistoj povus paroli pli malrapide kaj klare al niaj novaj Esperantistoj. Alia sugesto estas, ke ni instigu al bibliotekistoj enmeti Esperantajn librojn en bibliotekoj per peto porlibroj kiel Esperanto, The World Interlanguage, ktp. Impresis al S-ino Morris ideoj tiaj, kiam ŝi le- gis la gazeton de nia frata brita asocio. Ni esperas, ke niaj membroj sekvos la bonan konsilon. George Hirsch, ranĉisto en la plej sud-okcidenta angulo de Nord- Dakoto, konteo Bowman, morale kaj finance subtenas nian Asocion ekde fruaj jaroj. Li estas Patrono kaj kontribuanto al la subtena kaso. Li an- kaŭ propagandas Esperanton konstante en sia regiono. Li vizitis mal- novan Esperantiston en la sama konteo, Howard L, Corwin, kaj entuzi- asmigis lin realiĝi al EANA. Interese estas, ke nia denova membro, dum studado en altlernejo en 1930, instruis Esperanton al pli ol 40 studentoj en studrondo post la lernejaj horoj. Li ankaŭ estas ranĉisto., kiel S-ro Hirsch, al kiu ni kreditas la membriĝon. Korajn salutojn al ili ambau . En la Universitato de Saskatchewan (Kanado), la studentoj lernas pri Esperanto pro la propagandaj klopodoj de S-ro Peter Tan, kiu studas tie. Li metas afisojn kaj flugfoliojn sur la bulten-tabulon. Li raportas inte- reson pri Esperanto inter la studentoj, kaj trovis unu studenton el Nor- vegujo, kiu lernis iom da Esperanto en sia hejmlando. Peter antaŭe stud- is en Luther-Kolegio, Iowa, kie li multe propagandis por Esperanto. EANA nun havas novajn membrojn el tiu kolegio, pro la bona publikigado lia. Peter planas studadon en la Universitato de Minnesota en la somero. Praktika Esperantistigado estas helpata en Kebeko pro interesa re- gulo por la lernantoj en la kursoj de S-ino Therese Heroux, Ciu lernanto devas konsenti por lernigi aliajn personojn post iom da lernado mem. Kiel malmultekostan propagandilon kaj lernilon por tiu celo, la nove- bakitaj Esperantistoj utiligas la unikan multilustritan libron "Practical Esperanto" de D-ro wm. Benson. S-ino Heroux klarigis jene: "Por min stimuli, mi decidis krei klubon, kondiĉe ke miaj lernantoj, post unu aŭ du monatoj, lernigu mem al kelkaj personoj; ti-j komprenigas la kon- stantan mendon pri la lernolibro Benson". La Llubo kompreneble ankaŭ utiligas la libron "Esperanto: The World Interlanguage"; sed por simpla teksto "Practical Esperanto" bone sukcesas. Gi havas 160 paĝojn kun pli ol 600 klarigaj bildoj, kaj kostas nur 25