/ ' . . . me North American Esperanto Review V Esperanto in U.S.S.R. Esperanto Classes at United Nations Headquarters NORDAMERIKA ESPERANTO-REVUO Septembro - Oktobro «1958 VI'S -\ Nl PETAS , KE ONI ATENTU LA ADRESON DE LA REVUO La adreso citita en la Jarlibro de UEA, 1957, estas malnova adreso. La nuna adreso de la Revuo estas: North American Esperanto Review 2116 North 35th St.r Seattle, 3, Wash., "*• TJsono. • La redaktoro estas: F. R. Carlson, sama adreso. The North American Esperanto Review Published bi-monthly by the Esperanto League for North America, Inc., as its official organ. Subscription free to members. Subscription for non-members: $1.75 per year. Other rates: Bulk orders (must be placed in advance) to members of Esperanto League for North America: 10 co- pies, 50 cents; gift subscriptions for schools, libra- ries, eminent persons, etc., and for Esperantists living in countries outside of North America, may be purchased by members for 50c per year, 3 for $1. The Review reserves the right to refuse gift subscriptions for persons who should pay the higher rate. The Esperanto League for North America, Inc., is a non-profit organization to encourage the use of the International Language, Esperanto. Secretary: Conrad Fisher, 80S Stewart St., Mead- ville, Pa. Treasurer: Adrian Hughes, 476 So. Bailey Ave., Hillsboro, Oregon. Membership Dues: Regular Members, $3.; Sup- porting Member, So.; Patron, $10; Life Member, $50; Man and wife, each hating privileges of Regular Member, but receiving only one copy of publications, etc., $4.00. Make all checks and money orders payable to "Esperanto League for North America, Inc.'' The' North American Esperanto Review- (Nordamerika Esperanto-Revuo) Vol. 6, No. 5. ., Sept.-OcL, 19158 \ ' The Review not, only permits, but in- vites, reprinting of material from its pages, except where special notice, such as notice of copyright, appears. \ , ha, Revuo ne nur permesas, sed invitas, represon, escepte Me operas speciala nolo limiga, pri kopiado. CONTENTS (English) Page 'ELNA Congress Photo............. 1 Ramblings of Your' President....... 2 Grabowski....................... 3 ' 'Native Esperantists"............. 4 Local Addresses .................. 5 Esperanto—U.S.S.R.....'.......... G Esperanto in North America ....... 7 Esperanto Classes at UNO......... 7 Clarifying the Common Denominator......... 8 Committee on Translation Problems . 9 Officers of ELNA................. 12 Executive Board Decisions......."-.. 12 ELNA Members Honored.......... 14 ELNA Finances.................. 14 ENHAVO (Efeperanta) Paĝo Lokaj Adresoj..................■•„ . 5 Bonvolu Skribi................... 10 43a Universala Kongreso........... 13 Trans la Lingvajn Barilojn......... 15 Enigmo......'.................... 16 NOTE NEW ^ADDRESSES (above) Secretary and Treasurer of the Esperanto League for North Americas NOTE change in price of gift subscrip- tions and bulk order rates (above). Please write on a postcard the name and address of a leading book dealer in your community and send it to Conrad Fisher, 808 Stewart St., Meadville, Pa. ~N j \ WTe NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO -REVIEW Vol. 6 Sepr.-Oct., 1958 r . No. 5 ELNA Congress, 1958 (SORRY ! The picture arrived too late for the Congress issue.) This photograph was taken as the delegates toured the Old Quarter of San Diego. PLEASE NOTE Congress Decisions on Review Prices: Gift subscriptions (by ELNA members only) 50^f per year, 3 for $1, Bulk orders (members only — order in advance) 10 copies for 50&. SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 19'H THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW 1 ^ Ramblings of Your President ;N THE LOS ANGELES METROPOLITAN AREA, my daughtw and I enjoyed a Post-Kongreso in the very hospitable homes of the Parrishes, >Cho- mettes, Petersons and Witts. There we also met numerous samideanoj who were prevented from attending the ELNA Congress in San Diego. After a quick visit in Grand Canyon Bryce Canyon, Zion National Park,'Sail: Lake City and Rocky Mountain (Estes) National Park we visited the Local Con- gress Committee in St. Louis. There we got the "lay of the land" in the Congress city for our Zam'enhof Jubilee Congress, and' were impressed with the excellent facilities for our St. Louis Congress next July. Sa- mideanoj Falgier, Eisele and Englander have all the enthusiasm, talent and verve to assure excellent Congress preparations. From St. Louis our little Volkswagen "mile-eater" carried us to northern Wis- consin, where we '"went native" on the Lac du Flambeau Indian Reservation, in the cool forests among 1000 clear lakes. At Doneis' Birch-Pine Esperanto Camp we were happy to welcome several samideanoj and had chances for leisurely discussions of our work and problems in the Esperan- to movement. Glenn Turner of ELNA's Book Service, the Johano Krai family of Chicago, and Jeanie Jungton, daughter of our Veteran Esperantists, John and Marie Jungton of Pewaukee, Wis., enjoyed the swimming and primitive life in the forest as well as the Esperanto fellowship with the-Doneis family. After a month of visiting, loafing, letter writing and chopping trees we headed southward toward the Rio Grande. En route Ave stopped in Chicago, where the Krai family extended us a warm welcome and Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Wallander invi- ted 16 local Esperantists to their home to hear a report on the San Diego Congress and see our color slides of the Golden West. In St. Louis we enjoyed warm hospitali- tyVin the homes of the Falgiers, Eiseles and. Englanders once more. At the Public Li- brary we showed colored slides of our Eu- ropean trip to an interested group of 35 arid answered many questions about the role of Esperanto and its merits. In Lillie, Louisiana, we found Mrs. Eda Sayers, widow of our first ELNA editor, James D. Sayers, who through death was called from an honored place in our ranks. Mrs. Sayers, we are' happy to report, is recuperating from recent illness and mis- haps; she hopes to be helpful in our move- ment again soon, and furnished us with a wealth of material for the Migrating Es- peranto Exhibit, which is being prepared by S-ano Falgier. In Houston we called on Edw. Lacy III, an active Bahai engaged in translating more Bahai literature into Esperanto, who is eager to help turn the Lone Star of Texas into a beautiful Green Star. When we reached the warm shores of the Rio Grande we found a half bushel of mail awaitingus, and knuckled down to the typewriter to continue a lively interchange of letters with ELNA's officers and mem- bers, and we couldn't help feeling that Esperanto should make good headway this year, with so many talented and devoted Esperantists as-we met in our ramblings giving,a full measure of their strength to the work of ELNA. We hope you'll have a chance to meet them all at the Jubilee Congress at the Melbourne Hotel in St. Louis from July 9th thru 12th, 1959. Gis revido en la 7a ELNA-Kongreso. Armin Doneis THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER Antoni Grabowski from "La Ora Libro", 1937 Antoni Grabowski was known as "The Lyre of the Esperantists." When he be- came acquainted with a young woman, he always serenaded her by reciting in her ear his latest poem or translation. He was always willing to recite, touchingly and in a very excellent manner. Everyone knew this. One evening, in a family gathering, he was told: "Antoni, please recite some verses in your famous auxiliary language, Esperanto. You're always talking about it, but you never say anything in it." After he finished, everyone cried," Why, it's unthinkably hideous, your lingo! Of course, it's such a mixed up mess!" "Well, what else do you expect?" an important gentleman asked. "I beg your pardon," Antoni said, "It's not my fault. Nor is it the fault of Esper- anto. I recited in Italian for you, -from one of Plutarch's works." Seeing the look of doubt on their faces, he took a book from his pocket and showed it to his confused audience. During the war, many writers often met To honor the founder of the internation- al language, Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, the muni- cipal authority of Manresa, Spain, has decided to give his name to a city street. This is the third city in Spain to publicly pay homage to the international language. So far, seventeen countries have dedicated eighty streets to Esperanto or its founder. Introduction to ESPERANTO THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE The Third Edition ... Revised ... Price $2.00 Sent on Five Days FREE Examination! BOX 792 • PLACERVILLE, CALIF. at a cafe, Antoni Grabowski among them. He was asked to recite something in "his" language. Grabowski thought a bit, as if trying to choose something suitable for the occasion. Finally, he recited a long piece of poetry. Everyone listened, mockingly nodded their heads to one another, and when he finished they criticized him sharp- ly: a stupid thing, insanity, the work of a sick mind! "I beg your pardon, gentlemen. I was not reciting in Esperanto, but in the lan- guage of Provence." Someone spoke up: "Please continue. I wasn't paying attention." Grabowski went on. This time everyone paid the closest attention, and when he stopped the man who had asked him to go on said: "Now! That's a-language with character. You can see right away it's an old language. The ring of the Latin tongues is incomparable." "I must ask your pardon again, gentle- men! That was the next part of the poem. But this time I gave you the Esperanto translation." Paris: The Consultative International Committee on Long Distance Communi- cations, consisting of representatives from thirty-six countries, has adopted three hundred lists of fifty Esperanto logatomes. A logotome is an arbitrary monosyllable, without any intended meaning, used by operators to exchange signals between two stations to measure and check clarity of hearing. Because, the operators belong to various countries, the Committee chose the international language, which the Universal Telegraphic Union accepted in 1925 as one of its "clear" languages. For books in or about Esperanto ELNA BOOK SERVICE Middleton, Wisconsin SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 195K THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW "Native Esperantists" Conrad Fisher One of the few jokes using the name of the international language is that which says:" He speaks Esperanto like a native.'' The point is supposed to be that there arc no (native' Esperantists. But the truth is that there are native Esperantists, i.e., persons who learned Esperanto when they learned to speak, either along with one or more national languages, or as their very first language before they learned any other. There are a surprising number of families where Esperanto isvthe family language. Examples are: the Francisco Vicente fa- mily in Toronto, the Rudiger Eichholz family in Oakville, Ontario, the Armin Doneis family in Texas, the Charles Chomette family in Los Angeles. Some Esperantist families even give their chil- dren Esperanto names: Alko Eichholz, Neĝero Vicente, Lilio and Dianto Chom- ette. Those names mean: Elk, Snowflake, Lilly and Carnation. A special center to compile such names is located in Helsinki, Finland. And a per- iodical published by. and for parents of Esperantist children is Bulteno Gepatra, or Parents' Bulletin, in Oakville, Ontario. Its articles include rhymes and jingles for children just learning to talk; poems and stories for older children; articles of in- terest to parents; exchange of thoughts on experiences of parents who are teaching or have taught their children Esperanto in this natural way: news of international meetings of such children. One of the most often heard questions from other persons to Esperantist parents on hearing them speak to their children is: "Won't that bother their learning to speak English (or whatever is the language of the country concerned)?" The answer is that children can, and often do, learn several languages at the same time, chang- ing back and forth from one to the other as they speak to different persons, as easily as they learn just one. The point is that children are very imitative and as- similate whatever is in their environment. There is no definite price for subscrip- tion to Bulteno Gepatra. Readers and sub- scribers are asked to send a reasonable sum as a contribution to:Bulteno Gepatra, Esperanto Press, Oakville, Ontario, Can. Books in Esperanto published by Es- peranto Press for children are: Ni Legas Bildojn, 47 pages, $0.70; Gvidilo por Ni" Legas Bildojn, 37 pages, $0.42; Oraj Libre- toj: l.Mia Frateto (2-5 years old), 2. Domoj (5-9 years), 3. Lanjo Montraŝ la Vojon (6- 10 years), 4. Penjo kaj Ŝiaj Amikoj (4-8 years), $0.85 each. These are the Golden Books published in the United States with Esperanto text glued in. -* --------------:-------------------1^.--------------------------------- The School Directorate of Copenhagen, Denmark, has approved experimental teaching of Esperanto inVibenshus School, to begin with the coming school year. The fourth first-grade class will study Esper- anto for two years as preparation for study of other languages, as was done in similar experiments in Scotland and Jugoslavia. The teacher, Mrs. Roma Thorsen, has already used Esperanto for practical pur- poses in her regular teaching of geography, exchanging materials to make the subject more interesting. She has been teaching Esperanto in the hobby club after other lessons. ***********•*•**•***•****•**** Learn ESPERANTO by Correspondence ESPERANTO-by-MAIL 123 East 35 Street Brooklyn 3, N. Y. «ŬftŬŬŬŬ****************^^*** THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 1958 Local Addresses The Review lists, without charge, addresses of local Esperanto groups or of Espe- rantists who want local contacts to form new local groups. It is not necessary that the members of such groups be members of the League. ELNA exists for the purpose of helping all who want to promote Esperanto. If you want advice on forming a local club or study group, write to: Esperanto League for North America, Meadville, Pa. In case of a group representing some religious, political or other special interest, please state affiliation or special interest. We make no judgment, and accept no •responsibility, concerning Esperantist special interest groups, but will list addresses (if in North America) so that persons of similar interests may find congenial groups. Kanada Esperanto-Asocio: Box 52, Terminal A, Toronto, Canada. ELNA Youth Section: Charles Powell, Route 1, Box 41-A, Wimauma, Florida. Esperanto-Klubo de Los Angeles: 1237 N. Alexandria Ave., Los Angeles 29, Calif. Washington Esperanto Club: Apt. 101, 2829 Gainesville St., S.E., Wash. 20, D.C. Esperanto-Societo de San Diego: P.O. Box 6215, San Diego 6, California. Seattle Esperanto Society: 3231 West 62nd St., Seattle 7, Wash. Esperanto in Buffalo: P.O. Box 222, Niagara Sta., Buffalo 1, N.Y. Esperanto Coterie of Texas: P.O. Box 805, Houston 1, Texas. Esperanto Club of Santa Monica: 855 Franklin St., Santa Monica, Calif. Esperanto Society of Greater New York: 767 United Nations Plaza, New York 1, NY. Sacramento Esperanto Club, 5631 Balboa Circle, Sacramento, California. Esperanto Society of Long Beach: R. C. Betteridge, Pres., 5409 Gray wood Ave., Lakewood, Cal. Skolta Esperantista Ligo, Massachusetts-Grupo, Thomas Duncan, Grupestro, 73 Winchester St., Brookline 46, Mass. Kontraŭbabela Ligo de Tampa, 403 East North St., Tampa 4, Florida. Napa Esperanto Club: c/o Robert Prescott, Sec, 2045 Brown St., Napa, Calif. Esperanto Society of Chicago: c/o H. Tobusch, 55 E. Washington, Chicago, 111. Esperanto-Rondo de Philadelphia: c/o Ukrainian Savings and Loan Association, 847 N. Franklin St., Philadelphia 23, Pennsylvania. Lucy Pier, 807 Bon Air Road, Lansing 17, Mich. H. K. Ver Ploeg. 1908 East 8th Avenue, Spokane 32, Wash. Jarvis E. Bush, 3700 North 75th St., Milwaukee 16, Wisconsin. ' Christie W. Roberts, Rose Valley, Saskatchewan, Canada. F-ino Ethel Kelley, Birch-haven, RFD 1, Cambridge Springs, Penna. Mr. and Mrs. Wesley Stevens, 211 North Dithridge Ave., Pittsburgh 13, Penna. Tom Haxby, P. O. Box 274, Marshall, Arkansas. Mrs. Starling Przybilla, P. O. Box 685, Whitehall, Wisconsin. Esperanto League for North America is building an effective movement in North America for We need your help ESPERANTO NOW! Join now SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 1958 THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW 5 CSpCrCintO from an article in the Russian publication, " U.S.S.R,' By Yevgeni Bokarev Assistant Director, Institute of Linguistics, USSR Academy of Sciences Among the many artificial languages cre- ated . . . the list includes Volapuk, Ido, Mondolingue, Kosmos, Myrana, Idiom Neutral... Esperanto is the only one which has become internationally popular. It is studied and spoken in a majority of the countries of the world. The universal language was conceived in Warsaw seventy years ago. The first text- book was published in Russian in 1887. Two years later, Henry Phillips, secretary of the Philadelphia branch of the Esper- anto Association of North America, pub- lished the first American textbook. At present dictionaries and text books are put out in more than fifty languages and some one hundred magazines appear regularly. Esperanto is used for original and trans- lated fiction and for technical and political literature. The language has had many noted champions in Russia. Leo Tolstoy was highly appreciative of the value of Esper- anto, and the composer Sergei Taneyev spoke actively on its behalf. Konstantin Tsiolkovsky* who formulated the theory of rocket propulsion, the physiologist Ivan Pavlov, the writer Maxim Gorky ... all advocated Esperanto as an international language. Many of the Russian classics . . . the fables of Krylov, the poems of Pushkin and Lermontov, the sketches and stories of Gogol, Turgenev and Chekhov ... have been translated into Esperanto. Among modern writers, the poems of Mayakov- sky, the stories' of Alexei Tolstoy and Ilya Ehrenburg and novels by Dmitri Fur- manov and Mikhail Sholokhov are avail- able in Esperanto. One can read in Esperanto the verse of the Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko, the Byelorussian classic Yanka Kupala, the Latvian writer Janis Rainis, the Armenian poet Avetik Isaakyan ... to cite only a few examples. In this way Soviet Esper- antists acquaint their foreign colleagues with the best works in the treasury of the country's literature. There is a rapidly growing interest in Esperanto in the Soviet Union attested by the very quick sale of a 95,000-Copy edition of a text book by Nikolai Andreyev.Esper- anto dictionaries have been printed for Lithuanians and Estonians. Russian-Es- peranto and Esperanto-Russian diction- aries are being prepared for publication. The new magazine Armenian Esperantist has a considerable following. Many clubs for the study of the international language are actively functioning in Soviet cities. Linguists are interested in Esperanto from the theoretical point of view. The use of this artificial language on a large scale make it possible for philologists to observe the methods by which a language develops. The vocabulary of Esperanto is constantly being added to as current needs make ad- ditions necessary, and even popular ex- pressions have begun to be used and to circulate. More and more, 'Esperanto is becoming a medium for international contact. It facilitates international communication and can be a helpful instrument in foster- ing understanding between nations. {Editor's 'Note: The revival of interest in Esperanto in the U. S. S. R. is a wel- come development. It is significant that this article appeared in the issue [No. 9/24, Sept., 1958] devoted to "Wider Horizons for Soviet Youth".) THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER Esperanto in North America ESPERANTO CLASSES AT UNO Two Esperanto classes have been estab- lished at UN headquarters in New York by Messrs. Kersaudy of France, Piron of Belgium and Svane of Denmark. There are 30 students from 18 countries, several of them translators. This is not an official recognition of Es- peranto by UNO. But the classes were established as a result of an announcement in Secretariat-News, published by United Nations headquarters, and the UN library has decided to purchase the Linguaphone Esperanto course. ----------■*"----;------ LOS ANGELES, Cal. - Among recent guests of local Esperantists were Mr. and Mvs.TVIatasin from Australia, Ilija Anto- nijeviĉ of Radio Belgrarl in Jugoslavia and Dr. Paul Neergard from Copenhagen (all fluent Esperantists). Dr. Neergard, dis- tinguished plant pathologist, author of several technical works in Esperanto and editor of the recently published "Sciencaj Studoj", is in the U. S. to attend the 50th Anniversary Congress of the American Phytopathological Society. He is a mem- ber of the Academy of Esperanto. SEATTLE, Wash. - The Seattle Espe- ranto Society and its new class were guests of the Y-International Club. In turn, the local group was host to two distinguished guests from Japan, both employees of the Japanese Department of Agriculture and Forestry. Fumitake Yoshida, eastbouncl for research on chemical fertilizers at the University of Massachusetts, was a 2-day guest and accompanied the group to the Y-International. Dr. Haruo Hasimoto, en route home from the 10th World Confer- ence of Geneticists at McGill University, saw much of Seattle in a 6-hour stopover. NAPA, CAL.- Mrs. Martha Walker has established a new evening class at Napa College. MEADVILLE, Pa.- Conrad Fisher has established an Esperanto study group at Meadville YMCA.________ PHILADELPHIA, Pa.- Esperanto-Ron- do de Philadelphia has opened a vigorous fall campaign to increase Esperanto activ- ity in and around Philadelphia. A new class for beginners, possibly also an advanced class, will be offered. CHENEY, Wash.- H. K. Ver Ploeg, of Spokane, spoke on Esperanto to students in the radio-speech class at Eastern Wash- ington College. The college paper, The Easterner, published a report of the talk. PITTSBURGH, Pa. - In connection with an Esperanto course to be started in the Pittsburgh area by Frans J. Jahger, a high school study group has been established with the cooperation of a public high school teacher, Lee F. Sweeney, a teacher of German and Spanish at Verona High School. The course will be an extracurric- ular activity taught on school time with the approval and consent of the school authorities, who feel that it would be an excellent opportunity for students to make contact with youngsters in other countries. • Seattle Esperanto Society, 3231 West 62nd St., Seattle 7, Wash., may start an Esperanto class for the blind. Any help or advice will be appreciated. • Tom Haxby, P. 0. Box 274, Marshall, Arkansas, has been trying awfully hard to contact fellow-Esperantists in Kansas City. Somebody help him out. We don't want him to get discouraged just when he seems to be making a good impression for Esperanto in local Scout circles. SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 1958 THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW Clarifying the Common Denominator N the art of communication, words are merely the agreed-upon symbols by which things, ideas, and actions are classified. These symbols in the course of time have an unhappy tendency to alter in form as well as in meaning due to the abrasive power of human indifference and expediency. This can be seen easily by a look at ancient English words. Both form and meaning bear very little, and often no resemblance to the modern English. This is true in the other languages of the world. It is evident that Esperanto is urgently needed to act as a clarifier and common de- nominator of the now-muddled symbolic systems of the world. In performing this task, the physical,------------------------------------------------------ part has been accomplished by the selec- tion of the limited sounds expressed by a simple phonetic alphabet of written char- acters familiar to many and easily learned by other peoples. The part concerned with using this alphabet to form words convey- ing the same ideas to all persons who read or speak it, is somewhat complicated by the above mentioned abrasive power of human indifference and expediency. If, for instance, you informed a person whose knowledge of cats was limited to quadru- ped felis domestica that you were employed as a cat skinner, he might get an entirely different idea of your work than would a person quite familiar with the ubiquitous caterpillar tractor in America who knows that cat skinner signifies the operator or chauffeur of such a machine. Since it is not the desire of American Esperantists to isolate themselves from the rest of the world through the use of any special jargon, the Committee on Trans- lation Problems has been set up to accept suggestions, analyze them, and in turn make suggestions as to the most suitable word in any given situation. It is quite evident that the committee must keep in mind what successful short story writers and advertising copy writers have learned by hard experience: the aver- age reader is not going to spend from twenty-five to fifty dollars for an unabridg- ed English dictionary, nor travel several blocks to a public library to find one, nor often cross a room to see what some strange word means. It is doubtful if the majority of the Esperantists will spend very much of their hard-earned money to keep up-to- date in Esperanto dictionaries. The com- mittee, should, therefore, advise the use of words or of compounds according to the formula abC, rbmL, rbQ, where abm and r are different idea-symbols for one partic- ular idea, and CLQ are differently edited dictionaries. In the given instance only b is common to all groups. Fortunately Esperanto is rich in possi- bilities for making compounds, and most random-growth languages make use of compounds, so there should be little hesi- tancy in accepting such a contrivance when it is not too cumbersome. Look at the lengths to which we go in English to ex- press the idea in loose leaf note book. It is dubious whether for the sake of conven- ience we in America should choose some one single word for an idea if that word is not common to more-.than one Esperanto dictionary. You see, the Esperanto tail in the United States is very small compared to the Esperanto dog in the rest of the world; it should not try to wag the dog! Few people get much of a thrill out of reading a dictionary. If much money is to be spent for Esperanto, as little as possible will be spent on dictionaries; most will be (continued on page 9) 8 THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 1958 Your Committee on Translation Problems The San Diego Congress of ELNA es- tablished a committee to help solve trans- lation problems of American Esperantists. (See also " Clarifying the Common Denom- inator" in this issue.) In the main, this committee will deal with two problems: A. American word- usage often differs from that in. England, where our English-Esperanto dictionaries are published. B. There are many specifi- cally American words and expressions, whose translations cannot be found in any vocabulary. The committee does not propose to pre- sent authoritative decisions as to "the cor- rect" translation, which must or should be used. We will endeavor to suggest ways of expressing in Esperanto the ideas repre- sented by the. words which bother our readers'. The words listed in the August Review, with clarification in Esperanto and one or more suggested brief translations for each, follow: Plywood, pluraj tavoloj de ligno kaj gluo kunpremitaj, platigitaj, rabotitaj aŭ gla- tigitaj per sablopapero. Tavoltabulo, ta- volligno. (concluded from page 8) spent for novels, serious and frivolous books, magazines, etc. This is the way it is in the world of random-growth lan- guages, and this is the way it should be in the Esperanto world. So to help make Es- peranto in America the clarifier and com- mon denominator it must be if it is to justify its existence, send in the American- isms which have bobbed up before you when writing to fellow Esperantists, to- gether with your own solutions to such problems, or suggestions for solutions.You may find this is a very interesting way to build up your vocabularies. . . . Committee on Translation Problems Piledriver, maŝino kun pezega fera bloko faligebla por enigi foston en teron. Fost- puŝilo, fostomartelego. Loose leaf notebook, libro aŭ libreto kun ringa bindaĵo kaj nebinditaj folioj por no- toj, prezlistoj, ktp. Ringbinda notlibro, liberfolia notlibro. Spark plug, ilo por bruligi la gason en ben- zinmotoro. Sparkilo. Clamshell, maŝinfosilo havanta tridak- nokonkoforman terelĉerpilon. Maŝinfosilo (but use the longer explanation above if you want to specify the type of digging machine.) Slide rule, kalkulilo el du interglitantaj stangoj logaritme presitaj per numeroj. Glitkalkulilo. Efficient, efika sen malŝparo. Here are some more to work on: Wheelbarrow, covered wagon, pinup girl, jay walker, city block, hot dog, ham- burger, composition roof, a closet, graft, trailer, county, freeway, pipeline, counter (serving), den (room), floor lamp, sand- blasting, cafeteria, jackpot, to goof, enter- tainment, landlord, garage, to park (a car), gearshift, curb (of street). We will deal with the above in the next issue (according to space available). "Briefcase", sent in for translation, is "teko" in Plena Vortaro. Bern. An international interschool mag- azine Grajnoj en Vento is entirely compiled by children. It appears entirely in the international language" (often in trans- lation by teachers or others) three times each year and contains original photos, children's drawings and articles on school and home life in the various countries. The use of Esperanto to educate children in international living has become a very interesting approach to problems of pedagogy. SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 1958 THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW 9 Bonvolu Skribi La Revuo presas senpage (sed foje mallongigas) korespondpetojn el aliaj landoj. Tiuj anoncoj aperas nur se, kaj Mam, konvenas al la redakcio (ĝis nun ni senprokraste presis ciujn, kies adresojn ni povis legi), kaj ili temunur pri korespondado en Esperanto. Por certigi nepran aperon, oni.pagu $1 ĝis 4 paĝvastaj linioj. Se resendadreso ne estas legebla, ĝi estas nek presebla, nek presinda, do ne presota. SKRIBU KLARĈ! MALLONGIGOJ: Dez., deziras; kor., korespondi; pk., poŝtkarto; bk., bildkarto; pm., poŜtmarko; gaz., gazebo; il., ilustrita; inters., interŝanĝi; p. 6. t., pri ĉiuj temoj. S-ro Joŝikazu Mori, Kitano Apartamento 13 —2, Hirohata, Himeji, Japanujo. 16-jaraĝa gimnaziano. II. pk., sportoj. S-ro Masao Seki, Aasahi-maĉi 1091-1, Karacu-ŝi, Saga-ken, Japanujo. Dez. kor., inters, pm. Inĝ. Mihai Stefan, Str. Dorobanti 356, Braila, Rumanio. 23-jaraĝa inĝeniero en fervojaj telekomunikadoj. Dez. inters, muzikajn partiturojn, bk., gaz., ktp. Gvidas lokan Esp-grupon, do respondos ĉiujn kaj donos ekstrajn adresojn al gesamideanoj. Helene Lerdung, 3, rue des Samaritains, Pfastatt, Haut-Rhin, Francujo. Dez. kor. tutmonde, inters, papiliojn kaj insektojn. Prof. Slobodan Petrovic, Sabac, NRS, VI, Jovanovica 5, Jugoslavio. Petas ke hi donacabonu nian Revuon por li. ■ Jaime Pereira, Rua Paissandu, 298, Flamengo, D. F., Rio de Janeiro, Brazilo. 27-jaraĝa lernanto kaj sekretario en teknika lernejo, lernis filozofion, dez. lerni psiki- atrion en Usono. Dez. kor. kun nordamerikanoj. Rostislav Podeprel, Merin 224, (okres Velki Meziriĉi), Ceĥoslovakio. 35-jaraĝa teknika oficisto. Dez. kor. pri beleco, filmo kaj radiotekniko. Barbara Smiejkowska, Olsztyn, Ul. Jerzego Lanca 8 m. 2, Pollando. Dez. kor. kaj eventuale ekorganizi reciprokajn turismajn veturojn unu-du monatajn. Boian Conev Pankov, kvartalo "Stalingrad" No. 215, urbo Sviŝtov, Bulgario. Senpage far as komunajn fotojn el fotoj de siaj Esp.-gekorespondantoj de la tuta mondo. Sendu vian plej belan foton (6/9 aŭ 9/12 cm); vi ricevos komunan foton el via foto kaj tiuj de 12 diversaj gesamideanoj 14- ĝis 81-jaraĝaj. Salvador Garcia Perez, Musico Peydro, 43, Valencia, Hispanio. - Komencanto. Dez. kor. kun geusonanoj. Ivan Kovacev, Sofia II, Str. "Iv. Bigor" 30, Bulgario. Petas informojn el lokaj grupoj, eĉ laplej malgrandaj, (adreso, clŭto kaj horo de kunsidoj)" por speciala nova eldonaĵo omaĝe al la jarcenta datreveno de Zamenhof. q . Wieslaw Kazberuk, Olsztyn, PI. Bema 4a/3, Polujo. Dez._kor. kun usonanoj kaj eventuale ekorganizi reciprokajn turismajn forveturojn unu-du monatajn. Ni ricevis de Nica Olga, Bucuresti, Rumanio, korespondpeton kun bele sed tute nelegeble skribita adreso. Malklare skribitaj resendadresoj estas la plej grava malhelp- ilo al la internacia korespondado. SKRIBU KLARE ! NORDAMERIKANOJ, ATENTU ! La senpaga anoncado en la Revuo estas nur por alilandanoj kiuj volas korespondi kun nordamerikanoj. Ni tiel eelas provizi al nord- amerikaj legantoj taŭgan aron de korespondantoj, por stimuli korespondemon eri nia lando. Nordamerikanoj pagu minimume $1 por anonci sin. 10 THE NORTH AMEIUCAN ESPERANTO REVIEW SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 1958 If you are reading- The North American Esperanto Review in a Library . . . DO you know that someone has paid for a Gift Subscription, in order that people like yourself can read it and learn about Esperanto and the move- ment in our country? You, too, can help spread the good word! Join us as a regular member for only Three Dollars ($3.00) annually, entitling you to the special gift rate for libraries where you want our Review to be sent, at only Fifty Cents (.50) each, or three for One Dollar ($1.00). Ordinarily the subscription is One Dollar and Seventy-Five cents ($1.75). Members get it free! JOIN TODAY! ! ! • Address: The Esperanto League, 808 Stewart Street, Meadville, Pa. THE ESPERANTO LEAGUE Six years have passed since "The Esper- anto League" was founded. In that time many persons other than members have received its periodical, some without any charge. We are now compelled to send it only to paid-up members and subscribers. Our desire to use our resources more effic- iently compels this, for the promotion of Esperanto in our country. From now on you will be reminded one month in advance that your time to renew membership or that your subscription is nearing expiration date. In order to avoid our removing your name from our mailing list, and then later having to replace it, please renew as ea'rly as possible after you receive the reminder. Always make out your checks or money- orders to "The Esperanto League for North America, Inc." Always send your membership dues and subscriptions to the Secretary, who will in turn send them on to the Treasurer, after having made a record of them. Do not send orders for other things to the Secretary nor to the Treasurer, unless specifically asked to do so. Send book orders to The Esperanto League Book Service, in Middleton, Wisconsin. Thus you can help make our work easier and more efficient! Thanks! KOLEKTANTOJ ATENTU! La Esperantaj ojn Kolektanta Interna- cia Klubo planas aperigi en 1958 glumark- foliojn pri la 5a datreveno de fondiĝo de EKIK, honore al 9 diversaj esperantaj gazetoj. Pri tio, skribu al: Louis Obreczian, P.O. Box 51, Waterman, Pa. Li ankaŭ inter- ŝanĝas kaj aĉetas esperantaj nglumarkojn kaj kongresstampojn. Li pagas $5 por la 10a U.K.-stampo sur koverto, sur p.k. iom malpli. CIAM PORTU LA VERDAN STELON! SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER 1958 THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW 11 • OFFICERS 01.ELNA President: Armin F. Doneis, Sr. Box 105, Pharr, Texas. Vice-President: Dirk Brink, Box 5953, Metro Sta., Los Angeles 55, Cal. Secretary: Conrad Fisher, 808 Stewart St., Meadville, Pennsylvania. Treasurer: Adrian Hughes, 476 So. Bailey Ave., Hillsboro, Oregon. EXECUTIVE BOARD Thomas A. Goldman, Chairman, 2511 P St., N. W., Washington 7, D. C. Forrest J. Ackerman, 915 S. Sherbourne Drive, Los Angeles 35, Calif. Howard G. Borden, 1072 Stuyvesant Ave., Trenton 8, N. J. Francis E. Helmuth, P. 0. Box 6215. San Diego 6, Calif. John L. Lewine, 50 Overlook Terrace, New,York 33, N.Y. Wm. Harmon, 4725 Briercrest, Lakewood 11, California. David B. Richardson, 3412 North Mullen, Tacoma 7, Wash. Miss Roan U. Orloff, 31 Nahanton St., Newton Centre 59, Mass. Elwyn C. Pollock, 2222 Crest Drive, El Cajon, Calif. ► EXECUTIVE BOARD DECISIONS 59-1 Elected Thomas A. Goldman chair- man, replacing Hughes. 59-2 Named Dirk Brink chairman of Publicity Committee. 59-3 Named Local Congress Committee for 1959 Congress: Geo. Falgier, chair- man; Jos. Eisele and Alfred Englander. • SONBENDO DE NIA KONGRESO La kunsidoj de la kongreso en San Diego estas registritaj sur sonbendo (4-5 horojn por aŭskulti). Kopioj haveblaj ĉe: Armin F. Doneis, Sr., Box 105, Pharr, Tex. ELNA'S COMMITTEE CHAIRMEN Executive: Thos. A. Goldman, 2511 P St., N. W., Washington 7, D. C. Membership and Organization: Wm. R. Harmon, 4725 Briercrest, Lakewood, Cal. Publicity: Dirk Brink, Box 5933, Metro Station, Los Angeles 55, Cal. Finance: Thos. A. Goldman, 2511 P St., N. W., Washington 7, D. C. U. N. and non-Esperantist Congresses: John Lewine, 50 Overlook Terrace, New York 33, N. Y. ^ Nominations: Elwyn Reed, 11420 Biona Drive, Mar Vista 66, Cal. Migrating Exhibit: George Falgier, 3622 N. Market St., St. Louis 13, Mov Youth: Charles Powell, Route 1, Box41-A, Wimauma, Florida Education: John .Lewine, 50 Overlook Terrace, New York 33, N. Y. If you have information or help to offer, these committee chairmen will be delight- ed to accept it. • TELL YOUR BLIND FRIENDS David J. Ronecker, 212 Yale Ave., San Antonio 1, Texas, informs us that: The Royal Institute for the Blind, in England, is publishing "A School Esperan- to Course" by A. G. Batt, in Braille. Ten shillings ($1.40). Imprente Braille de la Organizaci6n Na- tional de Ciegos de Espana sells at 10 pe- setas each, or 80 pesetas together, a series of 8 books on Esperanto in Spanish Braille: 3 on grammar, 2 Esp-Spanish dictionaries, 3 Spanish-Esp. dictionaries. Dave wants to buy Life of Louis Braille published by Esperanto Braille Press in Stocksund, Sweden. Can you help him? Dave wants to pass on to a blind Espe- rantist his copy of Esperanto, Ligila, the Braille periodical in Esperanto. 12 THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 1958 43A UNIVERSALA KONGRESO de ESPERANTO -Francis Helmuth z/^—'RI TAGOJN ANTAŬ LA KOMENCO de la 43a Universala Kongreso de ^sj/f"^ Esperanto en Mainz, Germanujo, okazis kurso por Esperantistaj geinstru- /<>c-/ istoj. La kurso estis gvidata de S-ro Andreo Cseh, kiu instruis af cent dudek gelernantoj sian faman rektan, metodon por la instruado de la lingvo internacia. La metodomemhavasgrandanvaloronĉar oni uzas nur Esperanton en la komenca kurso, tute sen uzo de la nacia lingvo. Sabaton ekaperis en diversaj partoj de la urbo verdstelaj standardoj kaj afiŝoj pri la okazigo de la kongreso. Ce la stacidomo grandaj verdstelaj standardoj nirtadis en la varma venteto, kiu trablovis la urbon. Ce la supro de ĉiu tramo kaj aŭtobuso, flanke de la flago de la regiono, estis la standardo de espero. Car la ĉefurbestro de Mainz, Franz Stein, estas kaj esperantisto kaj prezidanto de la Loka Kongresa Komi- tato, la reklamado en laOraUrbo estis pli grandskala ol ordinare. Ce la bela rivero Rejno staras la Palaco de la Elektantaj Princoj, kies ses salonoj estis je la dispono de la gekongresanoj dum la kongressemajno, la 2an ĝis la 9an de aŭgusto, 1958. Imagu kongreson de dumil personoj el pli ol kvardek landoj kunigitaj dum semajno sen komuna lingvo, Kia lin- gva ĥaoso estus por ĉiuj sen uzo de Espe- ranto ĉe la kunsidoj, teatraĵoj, la interna- cia balo, la diversaj prelegoj, ktp. Geesperantistoj komencis alveni per ĉiaj veturiloj, iliaj aŭtomobiloj, motorbicikloj kaj valizoj portantaj verdajn stelojn. Dum la interkona vespero, sabate, malnovaj amikoj salutis unula>alian, kaj krioj de rekonaclo estis aŭdataj ĉie en la salonoj. La oficiala komenco de la kongreso oka- zis dimanĉon matene, ĉe la Solena Inaŭgu- ro. Bela muziko, salutparoladoj de S-ro Franz Stein kaj de Prof. Giorgio Canuto, prezidanto de UEA, festparolado de Prof. Ivo Lapenna kaj salutoj de reprezentantoj de la landaj asocioj donis gravan kaj inte- resan signifon al ĉi tiu unua kunveno de la kongreso. Je la oka vespere komenciĝis la unua prelego de la Internacia Somera Universi- tato. La ISU estas serio de seriozaj prele- goj de eminentaj fakuloj pri diversaj temoj; scienco, ekonomio, tekniko, literature, ktp. Prof. Lapenna komencis per prelego "Uni- versala Deklaracio pri la Homaj Rajtoj". Lundon, je la 9a matene, Prof. Edmund Privat prelegis pri "William Penn, Fondim to de Pensilvanio kaj Proponinto de Eŭ- ropa Parlamento". Post tiu bona komenco okazis dum la tuta tago interesaj diskutoj kaj paroladoj. Vespere, en la nova urba teatro S. Flego rolis en dramo de Ibsen, "La Reaperantoj" (Fantomoj). La prelegoj daŭris mardon. Inter la oka- zintaĵoj estis la Jubilea Festprogramo de UEA. Dum la vespero la gekongresanoj babrladis kaj dancis ĉe la Internacia Balo. Krom la prelegoj, la belarta kaj oratora konkursoj okazis merkredon. Je la 5a ves- pere la urbo Mainz akceptis la kongresa- naron en la kortego de la Palaco. Post pa- roladoj de la urbestro kaj la prezidanto de UEA, ĉiuj ĝuis kolbasojn kaj bongustan vinon de la regiono. La tago de la ekskursoj estis ĵaŭdo. Oka- zis tri ekskursoj; al la fabela kaj romantika Rejno (ŝipekskurso sur la fama rivero), al Heidelburg kaj al Frankfort. ISU prelegoj kaj kunsidoj de UEA ree okazis vendrede. Prezentiĝis filmoj en Es- peranto "Aŭstralio" kaj "Kongreso en Marsejlo". Estis prezento de klasika kaj moderna muziko dum la vespero kaj ĉiuj artistoj kantis nur en Esperanto. Sabato estis malgaja tago car per la*So- lena Fermo finiĝis bela semaj no kaj nun ĉiu j devas atendi ĝis la venonta jaro por la 44a Kongreso en Varsovio, Pollando. "Ĝis la revido" resonis de muro al muro en la kon- gresejo kaj ekstere la esperantistoj man- premis, mansvingis adiaŭojn, kaj per siaj diversaj rimedoj komencis la forvojaĝon. SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW 13 Carlson and Fisher Chosen for Special Honors 'HRTJ THE GENEROUS GIFT of one of ELNA's friends it is possible for our League to honor two of our indefatigable workers with Life Memberships in ELNA in recognition of their enthusiasm, sacrifice and devotion in their unstinting efforts to advance the work of ELNA in spreading Esperanto. It gives your president great satisfaction to be able to announce this distinction granted to Ferd Carlson, Editor of Nortbr-American Esperanto Review, and Conrad Fisher, ELNA's Secretary. — Armin F. Dontis, Sr., President ELNA Finances ^ T. A. Goldman, Chairman, Finance Committee As chairman of the Finance Committee, I believe there are three important facts of which every member should be aware at the present time. The first is that the League's expendi- tures exceeded its receipts during the twelve months ending June 30, 1958. We incurred a deficit during the past year in spite of the fact that our activity has been at a level which is generally agreed to be a minimum, and a number of necessary expenses have even been met by officers and members of the Executive Board from their own pockets. The deficit this year was covered by a small surplus from earli- er years when our organization was much less active, but it is obvious that we can- not continue to operate on a deficit basis indefinitely. The second important fact is that the Patrons (listed in the August issue) provi- ded approximately 10% of the League's total income, by paying dues of $10. These few members are doing much more than their share to assure the League's financial solvency and the continuation of our ac- tivities. They are, moreover, among the most active workers for Esperanto in this country. It is to be hoped that more of our members will follow their example. The third important fact to be noted is that continued growth in the membership of the League will do more than anything else to guarantee financial stability and continued activity of ELNA on behalf of Esperanto. As our membership increas- es, our necessary expenses will increase much less rapidly, thereby ensuring a sur- plus of receipts which can be used to raise the level of our activity. N,ot everyone can afford the higher dues for Patron mem- bership, but everyone can help get new members for ELNA. There are a great many important activities which our or- ganization could undertake in order to promote Esperanto in the United States, if additional funds were available. There is no better way of obtaining such funds than by increasing our membership to twice or three times its present level. 14 THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 1958 Trans la Lingvajn Barilojn Aventuroj de novbakitaj geesperantistoj. Francis kaj Bonnie Helmuth, el San Diego, post jaro kaj duono de. lernado, entreprenis unujaran vojaĝon tra Eŭropo, kaj sendis serion de raporloj al la Revuo. LISBONO, Portugalio, 14 Feb., 1957- Ni renkontis esperantiston, hazarde, en la urbo Badahoz, ĉe la landlimo inter His- panio kaj Portugalio. Por seiiĝi pri la for- iro de la vagonaro al Lisbono, mi eniris hispanan turistoficejon. Mi alproksimiĝis al viro kaj post rigardado al la verda stelo sur mia jaketo li demandis, "Ĉu vi parolas Esperanton?" Tiam ni interparolis kaj mi demandis pri la vagonaro. Li diris ke li estas malnova esperantisto, la sola espe- rantisto en la urbeto, denove pro la per- sekutado de la geesperantistoj dum la hispana interna milito. Ni atingis Lisbonon noktomeze kaj iris rekte al la Internacia Hotelo, en la centra parto de la urbo. Oni reklamas ĉi tiun ho- telon en la UEA-jarlibro, kaj ĝi estis bona, komforta restloko por la unua tago de nia restado. La sekvantan tagon mi telefonis al S-ro H. Ferreira, kiu laboras ĉe aŭto- mobila firmo, kaj post kelkaj horoj ni ren- kontiĝis en lia oficejo. Car la hotelo estis tro multekosta por pli ol ununokta resta- do, laii nia buĝeto, ni serĉis novan lokon. Per helpo de S-ano Herreira kiel interpre- tisto, ni trovis bonan ĉambron en pensiono kie ni povis dormi kaj manĝi por la mal- alta sumo de kvar dolaroj ĉiutage. Vespere ni rerenkontiĝis kun S-ano Ferreira, kaj li montris al ni la placon de Komerco, ce la rivero, kaj la placon de Pedro la Kvara, en la centra parto de la urbo. Li diris ke antaŭ ducent jaroj okazis granda tertremo, kiu detruis laplejparton de la urbo, kaj tiam oni rekonstruis ĝin laŭ la sama stilo tra la tuta urbo. Pro tio, Lisbono estas tre unikaspekta urbo en la malnova kvartalo, tre bela kaj vidinda. Kompreneble ankay, estas moderna parto, pli granda ol la malnova, kun grandaj, larĝaj avenuoj flankataj de belaj arboj kaj modernaj konstruaĵoj. Dimanĉe ni renkontiĝis kun Jose Antu- nes, ĉefdelegito de UEA en Portugalio. Kun sia ĉarma edzino, li kondukis nin al la urbo Estoril, ĉe la marbordo proksime al Lisbono, kaj al la urbeto Sintra, en la montaro, kie ni vidis kastelojn kaj aliajn interesajn konstruaĵojn, kal gustumis ti- pajn lokajn kukojn. Dum tiu vespero ni vizitis S-ron M. Martins, kun la ges-roj Antunes, por afts- kulti voĉojn de kelkaj samideanoj per magnetofono. Ni aŭdis S-ron Charles E. Peterson kaj lian edzinon, niajn geamikojn el Los Angeles, kiuf vizitis Lisbonon dum la pasinta jaro. Ni ankaŭ aŭdis kelkajn voĉojn de alilandanoj kiuj estis en Lisbono de tempo al tempo, kaj la diskon de D-ro Lapenna, "La Kultura Valoro de la Inter- nacia Lingvo". Poste ni diris kelkajn salut- vortojn por la kolekto de Esperantaj paroladetoj. Merkredon vespere okazis kunveno de la geesperantistoj en kafejo nomata "Mar- tinho" ĉe la centra placo de la urbo. Kiam ni alvenis oni kunigis kelkajn tablojn kaj tuj komenciĝis la kunveno. Denove ni> renkontis S-anojn Ferreira kaj Martins. Ĉeestis ĉirkaŭ dudek samideanoj, inter ili Jose dos Reis, malnova kaj bona esperan- tisto, kaj Joao Pereira, afabla sinjoro kiu invitis nin viziti la akvarion kie li laboras. Ni interparolis ĝis noktomezo pri la Espe- ranto-movado en Portugalio kaj Usono. se vi volaTvojaĝi ~ LERNU ESPERANTON SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER • 1958 THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW 15 s^ Esperanta proverbo konsistas el 56 li- teroj: 1, 2, 3, . . . 56. Ciu numero signifas unu liter on. 1. batali per armiloj: 33, 46, 50,17, 21, 26 2. demanda pronomo: 11, 31, 23 3. en tiu ĉi momento: 54, 32, 40 4. feliĉiga sento: 15, 10, 38, 34, 8, 47 5. konjunkcio:30, 24, 1Ŝ* 6. konjunkcio:20, 39 7. maldolĉa por la gusto: 9, 35, 48, 18, 5 8. montra pronomo: 21, 46, 3 9. nea nedifina adjektivo: 43, 37,45,51,19 10. nombro:29, 44, 42 11. oblikva supraĵo: 14, 53,25,4,22.52,7 12. oleeca grajno: 36, 23, 1, 56, 47 13. ŝtato en Usono: 28,49,41, 6,12,33, 55 14. turka ministro: 52, 34, 16, 2, 27, 7 La solvon bonvolu sendi al la redaktoro- La solvo kaj nomoj de solvintoj aperos en venonta numero. Unu solvinto ricevos laŭ loto del' anĝeleto libropremion: Kantoko- lekto Esperanta, kun muziknotoj, de H. J. Vink. Enigmo sendita de A. Holzhaus. SOLVO de aŭgustaj anagramoj: Agio — algo, galo; akso — kaso, sako; akvi —kavi^vaki; alfo —falo, lafo; alko — kalo, lako; anso — naso, sano; apro — paro, rapo; arbo — baro, rabo; arko — kora, roka; arto — orta, taro; bano — bona, nabo; boro - orbo, robo; ĉial —ĉila, laĉi; dono —nodo, ondo; kelo — leko, loke; lumo — rnulo, ulmo; luno — nulo, ulno; ruso — suro, urso; ruto — truo, turo. "Mia edzino estas ire fervora Esperan- tistino." ĈU VI HAVAS MAGNETOFONON ? - Se jes, nepre petu katalogon de sonben- doj Esperantaj ĉe: MAGNETOFONA SERVO de UEA ce Esperanto Press, Oakville, Ontario, Kanado Foreign Exchange International Travel 550 South Hill Street Los Angeles 13, California Dirk Brink, Branch Manager r Ciujn viajn monŝanĝproblemojn ni solvos. Ciujn viajn vojaĝojn eksterlanden per aeroplane ni aranĝos. Vi povas ŝpari multe da mono se vi kontaktos nin antaŭ via foriro al eksterlando. Por ni ne ekzistas monŝanĝproblemoj. Pagoj el ĉiuj landoj kaj pagoj en ĉiujn landojn estas por ni ĉiutaga laboro. Vi povas ŝpari de 5% ĝis 80%. Skribu detalojn! 16 THE NORTH AMERICAN ESPERANTO REVIEW SEPTEMBER - OCTOBER . 195H Complete Grammar, Alphabet and Pronunciation of Esperanto THE ALPHABET a, b, c, ĉ, d, e, f, g, ĝ>h, fi, i, j, Ĵ, k, 1, m, n, o, p, r, s, ŝ, t, u, fl, v, z. The sounds of the vowels (a, e, i, o, u) are the vowel sounds in -."Ave there three or two?" The consonant sounds are as in English, except: c as ts in hafe, ĉ as ch in c/iurch, g as in go, ĝ as gem, ĥ as ch in loc/i, j as English y, j as z in azure, s as in so, ŝ as English sh, ŭ as English w. THE GRAMMAR 1. There is no indefinite article; there is only a definite article (la) alike for all sexes, cases and numbers. 2. Substantives end in o. To form5" the plural, j is added. There are only two cases: nominative and accusative; the latter is obtained from the nominative by adding n. Other cases are expressed by prepositions (genitive de, dative at, ablative per, etc.) 3. The adjective ends in a. Case and number as for substantives. The compar- ative is made by means of the word pli, the superlative by plej: with the compar- ative the conjunction ol is used. 4. The fundamental numerals (not de- clined) are: unu, du, tri, kvar, kvin, ses, sep, ok, naŭ, dek, cent, mil. Tens and hun- dreds are formed by simple junction of the numerals. To mark the ordinal numerals, a is added; for the multiple obi; for the fractional, on; for the collective, op; for the distributive,the preposition po. Substantive and adverbial numerals can also be used. 5. Personal pronouns: mi, vi, li, ŝi, ĝi, si, ni, vi, Hi, oni; possessives are formed by adding a. Declension as for substantives. 6. The verb undergoes no change with regard to person or number. Forms of the verb: time being (present) takes the termi- nation -as; time been (past) -is; time about-to-be (future) -os; conditional mood -us; imperative mood -u; infinitive -i. Participles (with adjectival or adverbial sense): active present-cm&^active past-mi; active future -ont; passive present -at; passive past -it; passive future -ot. The passive is rendered by a corresponding form of the verb esti (to be) and a passive participle of the required verb; the prepo- sition with the passive is de. 7. Adverbs end in e; comparison as for adjectives. 8. All prepositions govern the nominative. 9. Every word is pronounced as it is spelled. 10. The accent is always on the next-to- last syllable. 11. Compound words are formed by simple junction of the words (the chief word stands at the end). Grammatical terminations are also regarded as inde- pendent words. 12. When another negative word is pre- sent, the word ne is left oul. 13. In order to show direction toward, words take the termination of the accusative. 14. Each preposition has a definite and constant meaning; but if the direct sense does not indicate which it should be, we use the preposition je, which has no mean- ing of its own. Instead of je, we may use the accusative without a preposition. 15. The so-called foreign words (that is, those taken from one source) undergo no change in Esperanto, beyond conforming to its orthography; but with various words from one root,it is better to use unchanged only the fundamental word and to form the rest from this in accordance with the rules of the Esperanto language. 16. The final vowel of the substantive and of the article may sometimes be omit- ted and replaced by an apostrophe. The great worldwide organization to promote Esperanto for people of all nations, all religions, all political beliefs IS Universale! Esperanto-Asocio Representative in U. S. A.: D. E. Parrish, 328 West 46th St., Los Angeles 37, Calif. 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