AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO AMERICAN ESPERANTO MAGAZINE DOUBLE NUMBER j Resume of EANA Congress Reports National & International Topics JUL - OCT 1957 AMERICAN ESPERANTO MAGAZINE (Amerika Esperantisto) Official bimonthly publication of the ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA. Inc. 114 West 16 St.. New York 11. N. Y. EDITORIAL STAFF Editor: G. Alan Connor. Associate Editors: Dr. William Solzbacher, Doris T. Connor, Myron R. Mychajliw. SUSTAINING BOARD OF EANA Dr. Luella K. Beecher, Allen L. Brown, A. M. Brya, John Burt, C.C. Cummingsmith, S.M., Dr. Lee-Min Han, Paul J. Kovar, Dr. Francis A. Kubeck, Bertha E. Mullin, Mazah Schulz, Bertha F. Sloan, Harold S. Sloan, Dr. William Solzbacher, Terry Tilford, Jack M. Warner, Jr., Virgil Whanger, Ralph H. Beard , Olivier de Guise. CONTENTS - ENHAVO The Challenge of the Language Problem................. 99 Summary of Congress President's Address . Dr. William Solzbacher 100 Summary of General Secretary's Report.......G. Alan Connor 101 Twelve Facts about the Newark Congress................ 104 La Esperanto-Studanto — Home Sweet Home! .... Doris T. Connor 105 Esperanto in Action Around the World.................. 106 Esperanto in the Schools........................... 110 Photo of 47th Annual Congress of EANA................. 112 Members of the 47th EANA Congress................... 113 Various Reports and Announcements................... 114 UNESCO Publications and Esperanto................... 115 Carlatana Lingvoscienco...........D-ro William Solzbacher 119 Esperanta Kroniko............................... 122 Nia Bela Kongreso en Newark...............Babi le Mulo 124 Deziras Korespondi.............................. 127 Bildo sur kovrilo: Giganta kakto "sagŭaro" en sud-okcidenla Usono. Subscriptions in the United States and Canada: $3-00 per year. Jarabono eksterlande por kalendara jaro: $1.50 aŭ egalvaloro, Gratis to Members of the EANA. Regular Membership in EANA - $5.00 per year. Patron - $10.00. H. S. or College Student & Armed Forces — $3.00 per year. Sustaining Board — $3.00 or more per month. AMERIKA ESPEBANTISTO Vol. 71 JULY-OCTOBER 1957 Nos. 7-10 THE CHALLENGE OF THE LANGUAGE PROBLEM ^?^HE Foreign Minister of Brazil, His Excellency Senhor Jose Carlos ^^ de Macedo Soares, last July 14 presided in Rio de Janeiro over the opening session of the Fifteenth Brazilian Esperanto Congress. The session was held in the Palacio Itamarate, seat of the Brazilian Foreign Office. The other sessions of the Congress, at which the Brazilian Es- ranto League celebrated its Golden Jubilee, were held across the bay in Niteroi, capital of the State of Rio de Janeiro. Three weeks later, on August 3, the Prime Minister of the Nether- lands, Dr. Willem Drees, appeared at the 30th International Workers' Es- peranto Congress at Rotterdam, to welcome its members in a speech de- livered in fluent Esperanto. He discussed the international language problem and said: "We need a solution through the international adoption of a neutral and simple language like Esperanto. Then it will be neces- sary, of course, to introduce this language into all the schools. A first step at international conferences might be, as I have argued before, to translate speeches made in any language only into Esperanto." At about the same time that Prime Minister Drees was delivering this speech in Rotterdam, the 42nd Universal Esperanto Congress was opened at Marseille, France, with the participation of 150fl:epresentatives from 38 countries. The governments of France, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Den- mark, the Dominican Republic, the German Federal Republic, the Nether- lands, Norway, Sweden, Uruguay, and Yugoslavia were officially re- presented. The Voice of America made recordings at the Marseille Esperanto Congress, and broadcast a report about the event and extracts of the stage presentation of a comedy by Moliere in Esperanto in its Russian, Polish, and Latvian programs from Munich, on August 24. In August the Voice of America also broadcast features on Esperanto in Hungarian, Lithuanian, and possibly other languages. When the Esperanto Association of North America held the 47th North American Esperanto Congress at the end of June in Newark, New Jer- sey, messages of welcome were received from Governor Robert B.Meyner of New Jersey and from the Mayor of Newark. The Esperanto movement was given these testimonies of official en- couragement in the past few months when it was celebrating the seven- tieth anniversary of the first small textbook of the language, published by Dr. L. L. Zamenhof in Warsaw in July 1887. Esperanto has come a long way since then. It is widely used in all fields of human endeavor all over the world and receives honors and encouragement from govern- ments, world organizations, and leading personalities in science, re- ligion, labor, and business. Much has been achieved — much more remains to be done. The Es- peranto Association of North America asks for your support in doing it. 99 EANA ANNUAL REPORTS Presented to the Members on fhe Occasion of the 47th Annual Congress of EANA in Newark, June 28 - July 1, 1957 SUMMARY OF ADDRESS OF THE CONGRESS PRESIDENT Dr. Vfilliam Solzbacher I HIS would be the fiftieth annual congress of the Esperanto Asso- •—* ciation of North America if congresses had not been omitted in 1943, 1944, and 1945, because of war conditions. Next year our asso- ciation will be able to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the First North American Esperanto Congress, held in 1908 at Chatauqua, New York. This Golden Jubilee was preceded last year by the fiftieth anni- versary of the American Esperanto Magazine, started in Oklahoma City in October 1906, two years ago by the fiftieth anniversary of our asso- ciation, founded in Boston in March 1905. We are privileged to meet this year in New Jersey, where Esperanto and EANA have made some of the most remarkable advances in recent years. All of us hope to benefit from the experiences and the pioneering spirit of our New Jersey members, and we are sure that they will be glad to benefit from the thinking and experience of members from all over the United States and Canada and of guests from other parts of the world. Looking at the situation under its global aspects, we find that Es- peranto as a practical, neutral, and easy-to-learn world interlanguage has made considerable progress in recent years and that it is being wide- ly used by educators, scientists, businessmen, labor leaders, religious groups, travel organizations, and even governments. As a result of a resolution in favor of Esperanto adopted by the Mon- tevideo conference of UNESCO in December 1954, plans to expand the teaching of Esperanto in schools and to organize significant experiments in Esperanto teaching are being worked out in a number of countries. At present, Esperanto is taught in about 645 schools, colleges, and adult schools in almost 30 countries. Adult schools and people's colleges are instrumental in teaching the language in many countries. During the past season, for instance, the Esperanto Association of New Jersey, an affiliate of the Esperanto Association of North America, scheduled Esperanto classes at the adult schools of Belleville, Bound Brook, East Orange, Elizabeth, Livings- ton, Millburn, Newark, Orange, and Passaic. Even greater efforts are in preparation for the coming fall and winter. The President of the Adult Education Association of New Jersey, Dr. John McSharry, is the prin- cipal speaker at the banquet of this congress, where he will discuss the decisive subject, "Esperanto in the Schools." An International Conference of People's Colleges and Adult Schools, scheduled to be held at UNESCO Headquarters in Paris at the beginning of August, will use Esperanto as its only translation language. Books in and about Esperanto now total more than 8,500. Approxi- mately 120 newspapers and magazines appear regularly in the interlan- guage, and about 55 scholarly journals, especially in Japan, print ar- 100 tides or summaries in Esperanto. Regular shortwave broadcasts in Es- peranto originate at present in Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Bulgaria, Morocco, Guatemala, and Brazil. Behind the iron curtain, where all Esperanto activities were forbid- den for many years, because the interlanguage made possible corres- pondence and other contacts with the free world, a rebirth of the Espe- ranto movement has been noticeable in recent years. The Polish govern- ment and the Bulgarian government are publishing illustrated magazines in Esperanto, and the Sofia Radio has resumed its Esperanto broadcasts, after a long interruption. On the other hand, the Communist secret po- lice in Czechoslovakia and East Germany has taken coercive measures against the new beginnings of the Esperanto movement in those coun- tries, apparently disturbed by the possibility that "dangerous" ideas might break through the censorship via Esperanto. In the Soviet Union, a few attempts have been made to revive the Esperanto movement, bru- tally suppressed by Stalin and Beria in 1937. The Linguistic Institute of the Moscow Academy of Science has expressed itself very favorably on Esperanto in 1956. However, no permission has been given so far by the regime for reestablishing a nationwide Esperanto organization. We are fortunate in having among us several leading Esperantists from Hungary, who came to the United States after the Hungarian October Revolution last fall. They will be able to give us some firsthand infor- mation on the subject of Esperanto behind the Iron Curtain. The Esperanto movement on the North American continent has be- hind it more than half a century of work for the promotion, teaching, and application of the world interlanguage Esperanto. It has considerable achievements to its credit and has overcome a great variety of difficul- ties and obstacles. Counting on the devotion and support of its mem- bership, EANA looks towards the future with confidence. SUMMARY OF REPORT OF THE GENERAL SECRETARY G. Alan Connor The theme of this year's Congress of EANA is "Getting Esperanto into the Schools — Adult Education the First Step." Our co-workers in New Jersey have about convinced us, that their response to the question — i.e. to start with Esperanto in official Adult Education Classes — is the right answer. Let us, review, briefly, some background on efforts to get Esperanto into the schools during the long history of EANA. The first school to teach Esperanto in America was the Roxbury Lat- in School in Boston in 1905. About 50 students enrolled in the class. The first college to offer a course was the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1906. Since then there have been classes in Esperanto in about 190 different schools in the United States. History shows that these classes were sporadic and intermittant, usually dependent upon whether a teacher or principal in a school happened to have an intense interest in Esperanto. A school that has had a record of uninterrupted courses in Esperanto since 1911 is a private school for boys, the Mon- tezuma Mountain School in Los Gatos, California. And here again the "why" is found in the fact that the founder and prezident of the school, 101 Prof. E.A.Rogers, was and still is an ardent Esperantist. Another instance, today, of official Esperanto classes with full col- lege credit given, is the religious college, Elizabethtown College, in Pennsylvania. In this instance, Esperanto classes are conducted to ful- fill the terms of a bequest of $15,000 left to the college provided the college taught Esperanto classes. But these two instances are some- what unique, and certainly are not usual occurrences. Noteworthy among specialized schools, these past years, is an of- ficial correspondence course in Esperanto, in braille, at the Hadley School for the Blind, Winnetka, Illinois, under the guidance of Donald Hathaway. Other examples: the Esperanto Club at the Missouri School of Mines, Rolla, Missouri, under Prof. John M. Brewer; courses at Drury College, Springfield, Missouri, under Dr. Margaret Kidder; and the re- markable development of study groups under Mrs. Georges Heroux in the province of Quebec, Canada. Here in New Jersey, under the able direc- tion of Don Walton and his associates, it seems to have been demon- strated that Esperanto in Adult Education Schools may prove to be the entering wedge to all schools and colleges. We have recorded 23 Es- peranto classes and study groups during the past year. Central Office Activity. We have been very busy this past year, with three of us — Mrs. Connor, Mr. Mychajliw, and myself — working full time, including Saturdays. 6,405 items of correspondence were received and 4,855 items sent out. This does not include the tremendous number of magazines and packages sent out. The new 32-page magazine takes much time to prepare, since we compose every line of it on the Varityper. However, this cuts the cost to about half what it would be if we sent the composition to the printer. The 32-page magazine has been well re- ceived by the membership, and foreign subscribers are steadily increas- ing. Much favorable comment was received on such articles as "Use of Esperanto in Medical Science", Mrs. Connor's series "The Esperanto- Studanto", and the linguistic articles by Dr. Solzbacher. Central Office Expenses. It should be noted here that salaries and upkeep of the Central Office are chiefly paid out of funds received from outside sources. These funds are secured by Mrs. Connor and myself from EANA's benefactor and active member who wishes to remain mod- estly anonymous. The relatively small number of Esperantists in this country make subsidy necessary if we are to maintain an office of any importance. EANA is very fortunate indeed in this respect. It should also be noted that salaries are very low as compared to similar work elsewhere. Mr. Mychajliw receives a basic salary of $50 a week for five days. And Mrs. Connor and I receive $37.50 a week each (i.e. $75 al- lotted to your Secretary, of which Mrs. Connor more than earns her half of that sum). Two important changes were voted by the Board of Directors this past year. The Board decided to take advantage of recent changes in the Social Security regulations to provide Social Security for its office staff. And beginning January 1st, 1957, a change was made in the sta- tus of the official Book Service of EANA. All book stocks and other as- sets of the Book Service, started originally by and at the risk of Mrs. Connor and myself, were transferred to ownership of the Association. 102 Membership Status of EANA. The membership count at the end of the fiscal year, May 31st, was 679- This is seven less than at the same time last year, and indicates only that we stand at practically the same level as last year. Judging from each month's count thus far in 1957, it is evident thac we will again attain to over 700 members by the end of the calendar year. A total of 168 new members joined during the year. We need more feature articles on Esperanto in the magazines, and more "Letters to the Editor", to increase the influx of new members. Central Administrative Committee. The new Central Administrative Committee met frequently during the year to discuss and resolve mat- ters of general concern to EANA. The Committee assures the objectivi- ty and judgement necessary to the solution of many problems, and greatly relieves the pressure and responsibility otherwise placed upon the Cen- tral Office in difficult decisions. Various Other Developments. We are happy to report that several national Esperanto associations are now working more closely with us than in the past. These are chiefly in the western hemisphere. There appears to be a need for closer organization among American states, to represent the growing development toward ideals of American liberty. It is suggested that substantial aid be given to this effort for American coordination. Radio and television broadcasts were few this past year. Notable among television broadcasts was that of Professor Neumann of Elizabethtown College, Pa. Aid to Hungarian Esperantists was extend- ed after the revolt for freedom in Budapest last Fall — chiefly with pack- ages of food and clothing from our members. Increased activity in the exchange of tape recording was noted during the year. A new Esperanto Phrase Book is scheduled for the Spring of 1958, and your secretaries have already delivered the manuscript to the publishers. There is need for recreating the EANA Book Rental Service, since the death of Mr. Ernest Dodge. These and other developments will be discussed and im- plemented by the membership in the months just ahead. Doris Tappan Connor, whose talents show up often in AE, continues to present her Cseh Demonstrations on Esperanto at Columbia Univer- sity in the courses on World Languages by Professor Mario A. Pei. At Oblate College, Bar Harbor, Maine,an interesting development occurred this Spring. A debate on Esperanto, pro and con, was arranged, and the team who supported Esperanto wrote us for information. We sent it, and shortly after the debate they wrote us that not only did they convince the judges that Esperanto was "it", but that they convinced themselves — and the opposition team! As a result a goodly number of students at Oblate College have joined EANA, and have formed a study group. Conclusion. This brief report covers but a sampling of the activities for the past year. We trust, however, that all in all, despite many dif- ficulties, your Association and the membership in general may well be proud of what has been accomplished by teamwork thus far. Everything depends upon an informed and intelligent and active membership. Your Central Office asks your cooperation for the coming year, to the end that we seek out the answers for greater unity and greater growth in our common endeavors for Esperanto, in a well-organized manner, through your EANA. 103 TWELVE FACTS ABOUT THE NEWARK ESPERANTO CONGRESS 1. The Governor of New Jersey and the Mayor of Newark sent mes- sages of greeting and encouragement. 2. Members of the Newark Congress came from the Canadian Prov- inces of Quebec and Ontario, from the States of Connecticut, Florida, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, the District of Columbia, and from Ecuador in South America; there were refugees from a number of iron curtain countries including Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, the U- kraine, and Byelorussia. 3. There were 99 persons at the banquet; the food was excellent, the menu was in Esperanto, Dr. McSharry made an extremely significant and deeply inspiring speech on "Esperanto in the Schools", and Ray Kelly was a superb M. C. 4. Reports presented by Mr. and Mrs. Connor showed that EANA had made satisfactory progress during the past year, in spite of many dif- ficulties, and that it has weathered the storm. There remain some serious problems, but there are indications that, with the support of the member- ship, they can and will be solved. 5. The "forum groups" on classes and clubs, Esperanto promotion, international contacts, and Esperanto grammar, and the special meet- ings for KELI (Christians), IKUE (Catholics) and SEL (Scouts) produced a lively exchange of ideas and experiences and a number of excellent suggestions for the future. 6. The Esperanto sound film Jen Nov-Zelando, produced by the New Zealand Government, had its North American Premiere at the EANA Congress. We learned a great deal about the country, its agriculture, industry, and education, its beautiful modern cities, its mountain scen- ery and holiday resorts, and its natives, the Maoris. 7. There was another premiere, the play La Registrita Letero by Eugene Labiche, translated from French into Esperanto by Ray Kelly. It was a tremendous success, and its production and acting (with Doris Connor, Myron Mychajliw, Ray Kelly, and Anne Kelly) were outstanding. 8. The ballet performances of 12-year-old Alice Zemojda and 8-year- old Rahnieda Zemojda were of extraordinary beauty and again and again brought the house down with applause. 9. The Congress excursion on Sunday was a complete success: The swim and the picnic were just over, and everyone was under cover, when the skies opened in a terrific cloudburst. 10. There was universal praise for the untiring and systematic work of the New Jersey organizers of this Congress, especially Don Walton, Henry Kruse, Connie Davis, and Elsie Yunghans. 11. Experienced members agreed that more and better Esperanto was spoken at Newark than at previous EANA Congresses. 12. The Newark Congress received considerable press coverage in the United States and Canada; some of these reports gave EANA's address for further information. Such a report in La Presse (Montreal) produced 48 requests for information. As a result EANA obtained about a dozen new members. 104 LA ESPERANTO-STUDANTO He/mo Do/ĉo He/mo.' Paĉjo revenis hejmen post laboro. Li: Saluton, kara edzineto, kio okazis hejme hodiaŭ? Si: Absolute nenio. La silento en la domo estis tiel densa, ke oni po- vis tranĉi ĝin per tranĉilo. Li: Sed kie estas la filino Fran- jo?_ Si kutime faras sufice da bruo. Si: Si vizitas la amikinon Heleno, kaj restos tie dum la nokto. Li: (Sidiĝas en seĝon kaj komen- cas legi la vesperan ĵumalon.) Cer- te estas kviete ĉi tie. Neniu brua muziko, neniu "Rok-kaj-Rol", neniu babilado ĉe la telefono, neniu sono de aŭto-avertilo. Nenio, krom paco kaj kvieto. Ha-a-a! J en oportuno por labori pri mia financa raporto. Mi ne devas malŝpari tiunmaloftan konso- lan silenton. (Prenas krajonon kaj paperon.) Nu, jen! Mi komencu: kon- struajbj, maŝinoj, mebloj, minus de- prenopor... H-nrm-m. Strange, mine povas atenti pri mia laboro. (Provas denove. Fine, jorpuŝas la paperon.) Jam dudekfoje mi adiciis tiun kolo- non de ciferoj! Mi ne povas pensi en jĉi tiu mizerega silento. Si: Mi ankaŭ sentas min nervema. Je tiu momento la pordo malferm- iĝas brue, kaj envenas la filino. Fr: Saluton, ciuj! Heleno kaj la familio devis foriri subiteal la hej- mo de la onklino. Do mi revenis. Post kelkaj minutoj la domo est- as plena de bruo: la televido eligas muzikonde Elvis Presley, la grama- fono samtempe ludas alian melodion, kaj sur la tapiŝo en la mezo de la ĉambro Franjo komjorte kuŝas, pa- rolante laŭte en la telefonon.) Fr: ĉu Paŭlo vere diris tion al vi, Jozefino? Ha-ha-ha-ha... Li: (Kontente sidas ĉe la skrih- tablo fumante pipon kaj farante si- an financan raporton.) Nu, oni al- kutimiĝas al kio oni alkutimiĝas! Home Sweet Home! Dad returns home after work. He: Hi there, wifey dear, what happened at home today? She: Absolutely nothing. The si- lence in the house was so thick you could slice it with a knife. He: But where is daughter Fran? She usually makes enough noise. She: She is visiting her friend Helen, and will stay there tonight. He: (Sits down in a chair and be- gins to read the evening news.) It certainly is quiet here. No noisy music, no "Rock-and-Roll", no chat- ter on the telephone, no sound of an automobile horn. Nothing, except peace and quiet. Ah-h-h! Now is my opportunity to work on my financial report. I must not waste this rare soothing silence. (Takes a pencil and paper.) Well, now! Let's get started: buildings, machines, furni- ture, less deduction for..- H-m-m-m. Strange, I can't settle down to work. (Tries again. Finally, pushes the paper away.) I've added this column of figures 20 times! I can't think in this miserable silence. She: I also feel nervous. At that moment the door opens noisily, and the daughter enters. Fr: Hello, everybody! Helen and her family had to leave suddenly for her aunt's house. So I came back. In a jew minutes the house is full of noise: the television gives forth with music of Elvis Presley, the phonograph plays another melody, and on the rug in the middle of the room Fran reclines comfortably, talk- ing loudly on the telephone. Fr: Did Paul really say that to you, Josephine? Ha-ha-ha-ha... He: (Sitting contently at his desk smoking a pipe and doing his finan- cial report.) Well, a man gets used to what he gets used to ! tq< —Doris T. Connor ESPERANTO IN ACTION AROUND THE WORLD The Bavarian Ministry of Economic Affairs and Transportation, in Southern Germany, has sent a circular to all chambers of commerce in its area, requesting them to submit data and suggestions regarding the use of Esperanto in business, travel, and transportation. An Esperanto Street exists at Macaiba, in the Brazilian State of Rio Grande do Norte, a Zamenho/ Street at Macae, in the State of Rio de Ja- neiro. The official documents issued by the two city administrations on their decision were printed in the January 1957 issue of Brazila Esper- antisto. At a People's College in Finland, just outside Lohja, about forty miles from Helsinki, an International Study and Lecture Week in Espe- ranto was held in July 1957. Love and marriage via Esperanto are so frequent that they are no longer news, except when the bridal couple's native countries are as far apart as they were in the case of Herbert de Caspary, of Norway, and Josefa Criach Galbany, of Sabadell, Spain. They had met at an Espe- ranto Congress in Holland, several years ago. The wedding was cele- brated on April 30, 1957. At the International Trade Fair of Bologna, Italy, in May 1957, an Esperanto exhibition attracted considerable attention. A conference of leaders of Esperanto groups was held on the occasion of the fair. An International Esperanto Conference of Railroad Employees, was held in May 1957 in Rijeka (formely known as Fiume), Yugoslavia. Guests included William Vathis, of the United States Consulate in Zagreb. The local post office used a special cancellation on the occasion. A monument honoring Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, author of Esperanto, will be erected in the city park of Vienna, Austria, in 1958. The Austrian Fed- eral Chancellor, Julius Raab, has accepted the protectorate over the Or- ganizing Committee. The monument will consist of a bronze bust on a white marble foundation, which will carry the simple inscription: "Za- menhof — Author of Esperanto." The Vtorld Sunday School Congress, to be held in Japan in 1958, was discussed at a special Protestant Meeting held at the 43rd Japanese Es- peranto Congress in Tokyo, last November. Esperanto-speaking Chris- tians in Japan are ready to serve delegates from all over the world. The reorganization of the elementary school system in Italy, the Fifth Naples Song Festival, and the 200th anniversary of the birth of the great sculptor Antonio Canova were some of the subjects of the shortwave ra- dio programs in Esperanto broadcast by the Rome radio in June 1957. 106 /n England the West Midlands Division of the National Council of Labor Colleges, in Birmingham, has issued a list of ten lecture subjects for which it recommends and supplies qualified speakers to local branches of labor unions and other labor organizations. One of the subjects is "Esperanto and International Goodwill." An Esperanto class for firemen was organized in Amsterdam, Nether- lands, as a result of requests received after the publication of a series of articles on Esperanto in Ons Naderbericht, official organ of the Am- sterdam Firemen's Association. International wedding bells have been ringing frequently as a result of correspondence and holiday visits carried on through the use of the interlanguage Esperanto. Two such weddings took place almost simul- taneously recently. One was held at Sunne, Sweden, where Lennart Ed- man, a Swede, gave a ring to Senorita Margarita Zulueta, of Valencia, Spain. The other wedding occured at Ivanjice, Yugoslavia, where Zivko Ivanovic, a local high school teacher, wed Mademoiselle Monique Pottier, of Fecamp, France. "The Heartof Buddhism"(La Koro de Budhismo) is the title of a "sys- tematic course in Buddhism" by Njanasatta Thero, in Esperanto, recently published by the Buddhist Esperanto Institute at Bandarawela, Ceylon. The Local Government Chronicle, of London, England, as well as the British Esperantist have paid tribute to William Alfred Gething on the occasion of his appointment as an O.B.E. (Officer of the British Empire) in the Honours' List issued on the Queen's Official Birthday. Mr. Gething retired in March from the Public Works Loan Board, in which he held the rank of a Senior Chief Executive Officer. The Local Govern- ment Chronicle mentioned Mr. Gething's Esperanto activities and the fact that he served for six years as President of the British Esperanto Association. He is at present Honorary Secretary of BEA and also Pre- sident of the London Esperanto Club. Other organizations in which he has been active include the Cooperative Esperanto League and the In- ternational Commission on Esperanto and Sociology. The foreign language press in the United States frequently pays at- tention to Esperanto. Long reports about the North American Esperanto Congress at Newark, New Jersey, appeared, for instance, in the New Yorker Staats-Zeitung und Herold, the largest German-language daily in America, and in the French-language weekly newspaper La Liberie, of Fitchburg, Massachusetts. Danish cheese exporters have published a beautifully illustrated folder in Esperanto. The Transactions of the Third Vlorld Congress of Sociology, in Vol- ume VIII just published by the International Sociological Association in London, includes a list of "institutions and organizations officially represented at the Congress." Among 16 international organizations men- tioned, one is the International Commission on Esperanto and Sociology, which was represented at the Amsterdam Congress by Dr. William Solz- bacher, of the United States, and Dr. C. J.Keur, of the Netherlands. 107 The Finnish Journal of Mathematics and Physics, published in Hel- sinki printed in its issue of January 25, 1957, an article on the teaching of mathematics, physics and chemistry in Yugoslav high schools. The material had been gathered through the use of Esperanto. Cahiers Pedagogiques, a leading French periodical for high school teachers and university professors, has been conducting a survey on edu- cation policies and techniques throughout the world and has just under- taken another survey on the teaching of French outside France. Some of the material was obtained through the use of Esperanto. Such material has been published so far on the Netherlands, Britain, Germany, Yugo- slavia, and Finland, with appropriate credit to Esperanto. At the refugee center of Gaeta, Italy, an Esperanto class is being taught by Franjic, a Yugoslav refugee. Brazila Esperantisto, the magazine of the Brazilian Esperanto League, which is one of the largest and most successful national Esperanto or- ganizations in the world, celebrated its fiftieth birthday in April 1957. Originally its name was Brazila Revuo Esperantista. In September 1908 it became Brazila Esperantisto. From 1938 to 1949, when a Brazilian law compelled all newspapers and periodicals published in the country to have Portuguese names, it was O Brasil Esperantista. During World War II, the periodical produced several "Pan American Issues" in cooperation with the different Esperanto organizations in the Western Hemisphere, among them the Esperanto Association of North America. Fifteen Carahinieri (members of the Italian State police) in the port city of Leghorn are studying Esperanto in a class conducted especially for them by the President of the local Esperanto club. The International Esperanto Museum in Vienna, which is operated as an autonomous division of the Austrian National Library, has published the first in a series of three catalogue volumes. It contains 460 pages. The museum also has begun to supply various libraries with Esperanto books from among its duplicates. The Vienna University Library was given 100 volumes, the Library of the State Teachers College of Lower Austria 50 volumes. A law thesis written by Alfred Schwing and published at Strasbourg, France, in French, provides summaries of the contents in German, En- glish and Esperanto. At a children's festival in Austria thousands of balloons carrying a message of friendship to children in other countries were launched. The message was in German and Esperanto. Tourist folders in Esperanto were published recently by: the Province of Upper Austria and the city of Linz, Austria; Mantova, Montecatini, and Verona, Italy; the Iven Rilski Monastery, Bulgaria; Kreuth, Buesum, and Wiedenbnick, Germany; Amsterdam, Netherlands; Warsaw, Poland; Lyon, Royan, and Le Vivarais, France; Barbacena, Brazil; the Danish National Railroad, Copenhagen; the Larvik-Frederikshavn Ferryboats, Denmark- Norway; the Continental Hotel, Basle, Switzerland. 108 Another scholarly journal in Japan, the Reports of the Institute for the Science of Labor, has begun to publish articles in Esperanto. The first such article was a study about "Nutrition and Work", by Kazuo Takagi and Tomie Masuda. The Travel Handbook for the Dutch Province of North Brabant lists the names and addresses of "Esperanto Consuls" in more than twenty cities and towns in the province, for the benefit of tourists, travel or- ganizations, and business firms. The Pharmaceutical Society of Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, En- gland, showed keen interest in Esperanto and invited the Honorary Sec- retary of the British Esperantist Association, William Gething, to give a lecture on the Interlanguage. Two voluminous Esperanto-French dictionaries have appeared on the market within the past few weeks. One is the Grand Dictionnaire Espe- ranto-Francois by Professor Gaston Waringhien, published by the Li- brairie Centrale Esperantiste in Paris. The other is the Lexique Fun- damental Esperanto-Francois by R. Leger, published by the Nova Pub- lishing Company in Mulhouse. At Barcelona, Spain, an Esperanto club is active in a cooperative of hand weavers. At a recent feast of the cooperative, playlets were pre- sented in Esperanto as well as in Spanish and in Catalan. The Chateau de Gresillon, which is a cultural center of the Esperan- to movement in France, is run by a cooperative. One of the newest mem- bers of this cooperative is the City of Thiers. The mayor of this city of 16,000 inhabitants, more than 200 miles from Gresillon, informed the Secretary of the local Esperanto Society that the City Council voted unanimously for the necessary funds "in order to facilitate the develop- ment of Esperanto as an international language". The Syukan Yomiuri, one of the largest weekly newspapers in Japan, has sent Madame Joshiko Kajino as a special correspondent to Europe, with the assignment of using Esperanto for the gathering of information on women's life in various countries. She will also cover the Universal Esperanto Congress in Marseille, France, for her newspaper. Freemen Vlills Crofts, the famous British writer of detective stories, recently died at the age of 77. He had been active in the Esperanto movement and served as Secretary of the Fifth British Esperanto Con- gress. An Esperanto edition of one of his novels, Morto de Trajno, had been very successful. A new Esperanto magazine for the blind, in Braille script, was re- cently started in Domfront, France, under the title Katolika Sento. As its name indicates, it is a Catholic periodical. There are half a dozen Esperanto periodicals in Braille. The most important and oldest is Es- peranto Ligilo published in Sweden. The Dalai Lama and the Panchen Lama, of Tibet, accepted election as Supreme Patrons of the Buddhist Esperanto League, when they vis- ited a Buddhist monastery in Bombay, India, in December 1956. 109 ESPERANTO IN THE SCHOOLS The President of the Danish Teachers' Federation, Stinus Nielsen, has proposed the experimental teaching of Esperanto in one hundred Danish schools. At present, Esperanto is taught in a number of schools in Copenhagen and Odense. The Austrian Ministry of Education decided on April 25, 1957, to grant the Austrian Esperanto Federation a cash subsidy "in considera- tion of its cultural activities, especially the promotion of international correspondence among schoolchildren and students and its contributions to teacher training". The Moroccan Minister of Public Education, El Fassi, expressed himself in very favorable terms about Esperanto recently, when he re- ceived the Honorary President of the Federation of Esperanto Groups in Morocco, M. C. Thollet. He explained that he had been interested in Es- peranto already when he was a student in Paris. Esperanto classes for fifth and sixth grade school children were ex- traordinarily popular and successful at Leeuwarden, Netherlands, last winter and spring. At first only one such class was planned, but 104 children (49 boys and 55 girls) from seven different public elementary schools signed up, so that two parallel classes had to be set up, be- ginning in January 1957. The teacher, O. Nicolaisen, was a Norwegian from Hammerfest, north of the Arctic Circle. Since he does not know Dutch, the classes were conducted entirely in Esperanto. The Cambridge University Esperanto Society in England has launched an "inter-university circulating newspaper". Le Cooperateur de France, which is the central organ of the French cooperative movement and has a circulation of 839,000, has come out strongly in support of the addition of Esperanto to the languages in which examination is optional at the French "baccalaureat" (State uni- versity entrance examination). In France, the Thirteenth Congress for the Modern School, at Nantes in April 1957, passed a resolution "requesting the Minister of National Education to include the study of Esperanto in the public school cur- riculum, on an optional basis" The resolution was adopted unanimously. In Stockholm, Sweden, an experiment in the teaching of Esperanto as a basis for the study of othet languages is scheduled to begin in the fall of 1957. The local school authorities and the Swedish Ministry of Edu- cation have expressed considerable interest in the scheme. At the be- ginning only two classes will participate, with four Esperanto lessons a week for the duration of one year. Similar experiments, some of them on a fairly large scale, have been conducted in recent years in England and Scotland. In the United States, successful research on the value of Esperanto as a preparation for the learning of other languages was or- ganized from 1927 to 1931 under the direction of the late Professor Ed- ward L. Thorndike, of Columbia University. 110 On the Canary Islands more than 80 students are at present enrolled in an Esperanto class at the University of La Laguna. Dr. Juan Regulo Perez, an instructor of Romance languages on the university's faculty,is in charge. At the Daniele Marignoni Vocational and Commercial High School, Milan, Italy, a solemn ceremony was held December 22, 1956, when a marble commemorative plaque was unveiled, bearing this inscription: "To Daniele Marignoni, who was the first to introduce in Italy the study of the world language Esperanto and offered to men of good will an effec- tive means of knowing and understanding one another, dedicated by the faculty and the students." The city administrations of Milan and of Cre- ma, where Dr. Marignoni was born, were officially represented, and there were also representatives of the educational, religious and military au- thorities, as well as several descendants of Dr. Marignoni. Two Spanish teachers' magazines, "Despues" and "Escuela Espa- nola", in Madrid, have published articles in support of Esperanto. Grajnoj en Vento (Grains in the Wind), a project of international school cooperation via Esperanto, which was described in the January-February issue of this magazine, is making progress. The fourth twelve-country network (Rondo) is now being organized by a teacher in France. At Toulouse, France, the Regional Federation of the Modern Lan- guage Teachers Association passed the following resolution on December 16, 1956: "Resolved that Esperanto, the living international language, be added to the list of languages in which, under the Decree of August 7, 1927, optional modern language examinations may be held as part of the baccalaureate examination". In New Zealand, Dr. John Hamvai, a naturalized New Zealander born in Hungary, teaches Esperanto at the Seddon Memorial Technical Col- lege in Auckland. The Government Printing Office of Slovenia (Yugoslavia) has just issued a two-volume Esperanto textbook "for schools, adult classes, and self-study", by Rudolf Rakuga, to meet the needs of school classes in which Esperanto is an optional subject of instruction. The first volume, for beginners, appeared in "a second, enlarged, edition" of 5,000; 2,000 copies of volume 2, for advanced students, were printed. Business schools in Vienna, Austria, are considering the introduction of Esperanto. At the Neumann Business School, Esperanto will be taught in the coming academic year by Hofrat Hugo Steiner, Director of the In- ternational Esperanto Museum. Petitions to the French Minister of Education concerning the teaching of Esperanto in the schools are now being circulated in France under the auspicies of the Esperanto Educators' Group (Groupe des Educateurs Esperantistes). The first forms returned to headquarters contained, among others, the signatures of three Members of the National Assembly, the Rector (President) of the University of Toulouse, and the former Euro- pean boxing champion, Gilbert Lavoine. Ill 47TH ANNUAL CONGRESS OF THE ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA, NEWARK, N. J. MEMBERS OF THE 47TH EANA CONGRESS Those attending in Newark are marked with an asterisk. Sincere thanks to all. Ida Albert * Dr. A. Aleman Ruiz Angela Alfaroli Doris A. Alfke* Olga Andreas * Geo. W. Bailey, Jr. Dorothy Baker* Eugene M. Beck * Rose M. Bernabucci Howard Bishop * Rev. M. Whipple Bishop Edward Blekicki * Allen L. Brown * Dr. Charles Bryning * Anthony Cascone * Andrew Chmielewicz * A. B. Coigne Reginald H. Colley * Mrs. R. H. Colley * G. Alan Connor * Doris T. Connor* C. C. Cummingsmith Leslie Davis * Connie Davis * John W. Dettra Amelia Dresdner * Earl Dudley * Mrs. R. V. Earle Byron L. Eguiguren 0.* M. Ferrara * Allan E. Fineberg * Donald C. Forbes * Natalie Foster * Dr. Joseph Gamba * Joan Gamba * H. Gebhard * Irma Gebhard * Charles Germanton * Mrs. C. Germanton * Jean R. Goldings * Jean H. Hagerty * Edwin C. Harler, Jr. * Dr. H. Harris * J. H. Hartley C. E.Heroux * Marguerite Heroux * Therese Heroux * Faith Hoekstra * Ivan Hordiuk * J. J.Hutchens * Mrs. J. J. Hutchens * Allan Hutcheon Hans B. Julow Helen Kaczowski * Louis Kalus * Edith Kane * Tomas J. Kaŝiuba * Miss H. Kaŝiuba * Rubey Kelber * Anne Kelly * Ray T.B.Kelly* David D. Konviser * Mrs. D. D. Konviser * J. Henry Kruse, Jr. * Matilda Krypel * Dr. G. H. Lachnicht * Julia May Leach Anton Lenhardt Adele Lenox * Prof. F. L. Lisintzki * F. L. Lisintzki, Jr. * Edna M. MacDonald Dr. John McSharry * Marie Maffey * Dr. G. A. Maggio * Prof. N. Markevich * Eulalia Marks * Sidney Marks Mary Marrett * Henry B. Milsted * Mrs. H.B.Milsted* Dr. Joseph Mohacsy Olive Morris * Myron R. Mychajliw * Weldon T. Myers * Mrs. O. Murphy* E. Nawrocki * Arlie J. Nixon Thomas M. O'Neill C. Stanley Otto J. Louise Owens * George P. Parker Rev. G. N. Pausback C. Petrone * Robert W. Powell * C. D. Prewitt 113 Grace Randolph Jacques Rieur * Mrs. J. Rieur * Helen G.Riley* Leo Saari Rev. Antonio Sandro J. H. Schackmann Rita Schiessel * John F. Schilke * F. Scotellaro * Douglas Scott * Joel Silverman * Frank P. Siwiec * Mrs. F. P. Siwiec * F. P. Siwiec, Jr. * Herbert W. Smart* Marion Smart * Adelaide Smith * Dr. Wm. Solzbacher * Dr. Teodor Soros * Rev. Robert Sparks * Richard Stahl * Dr. Cecil Stockard Jack Sussman * E. H. Thompson, Jr. Lynne Tilford * Terry Tilford * Mrs.W.O. Tilford* Wilfred E.L.Todd Joseph J.Trytiak Jane M. Tumblety * May D. Van Sloun Frank W. Vedder Mary Waleski * Donald F.Walton* Donnie Walton * H. C. Walton * Helen M.Walton* Ann Warns * Alex Wesser * Virgil Whanger Ralph Williams, Jr. * F. Lee York * Elsie Yunghans * Laura Zaleska * Simon Zemojda * Michaelien Ziobro * Pauline Ziobro * VARIOUS REPORTS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS Report of Elections: Two Associate Directors of EANA were elected at the Newark Congress: /. Henry Kruse, Jr., with 209 votes; and /. H. Hartley (Canada), with 203 votes. There were a scattering of votes for Myron Mychajliw and Joseph Schneiders. Amendment to Constitution: The proposed amendment to Article III, 'Eligibility of Membership', was adopted by 179 votes for, 9 against, and 25 abstentions. It reads as follows: "The Association will not knowingly admit as members persons who are Communists or Fascists or others who seek to overthrow the Government of, or in the interests of a foreign pow- er seek to weaken, the United States, or to change its form of government by other than constitutional means." Governor's Telegram to EANA Congress: "New Jersey is happy to welcome the national Esperanto Congress. Your efforts to establish bet- ter understanding among all peoples deserves high commendation. May you enjoy your stay in the Garden State and have a most productive con- vention. — Robert B. Meyner, Governor of New Jersey." Mayor's Telegram to EANA Congress: "Welcome to Newark. We are happy to have members of the 47th Annual Congress of the Esperanto Association of North America in our city. May your meeting be a fruitful one. Regret my inability to join you this evening inasmuch as I am out of town. Cordially, Leo P. Carlin, Mayor of Newark." Keynote Speech by Dr. John McSharry: The address by Dr. McSharry, Pres., Adult Education Association of N.J.,at the Newark Congress, has been mimeographed in six closely typed pages, and a copy may be ob- tained from Donald F. Walton, 448 South Orange Ave., Newark 3, N.J. Enclose a three-cent stamp to help with postage. "Coca-Cola" and the Congress: The Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Newark provided refreshments without charge to the Congress, by send- ing a large quantity of bottles of this well-known and highest-quality cola drink (Coke) for members of the Congress. "Sana Cigarettes" and the Congress: The United States Tobacco Com- pany, through Mr. Ghiloni of Hackensack, provided a large quantity of these nicotine-free health cigarettes with the Esperanto name "Sano", without charge to the Congress. Esperanto Film "Introducing New Zealand": This new film with Es- peranto commentary, which had its premier American showing at the Con- gress, may be obtained for Esperanto groups by sending a fee of $1.00, with request for booking, to: New Zealand Embassy, Film Library, 19 Observatory Circle, Washington 8, D.C. "Esperanto and Interlingua Compared": This scholarly study compares Esperanto point by point with Interlingua. It is By Dr. Ivy Kellerman Reed, 315 Westbourne Drive, La Jolla, Calif. It contains Introduction, 21 Grammatical Topics, and Summary of the Comparison, 36 plus X pages, mimeographed, in flexible binder. Available at $2 net postpaid, through the Esperanto Association of N.A., 114 W. 16 St., New York 11, N.Y. 114 UNESCO PUBLICATIONS AND ESPERANTO Scientific Translations, Abstracts, and Dictionaries ^"7HERE is a sub-chapter on Esperanto in the important report on Sci- ^J entific and Technical Translating and Other Aspects of the Lan- guage Problem*, just published by UNESCO (the United Nations Edu- cational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) in its series, "Documen- tation and Terminology of Science". This 282-page volume discusses many aspects of the subject, both qualitatively and quantitatively, exam- ining the need for technical and scientific translations, the methods of making sbch translations available, the cost, the training of qualified translators, the pitfalls encountered in translating from and into certain languages, the progress and potentialities of machine translation, the ex- istence or non-existence of adequate specialized dictionaries, problems of terminology, and "the possible use of language; internationally under- stood." Esperanto is discussed in chapter 6 (pp. 173-208), and especially in sub-chapter 6.6 (pp. 192- 197). There is quite a plug for the book Es- peranto: The World Interlanguage in 6.6.10 on page 195: "The five coun- tries in which the largest number of Esperanto textbooks have been sold since the end of the second world war were, in order, France, United King- dom, Sweden, Germany, Netherlands. Probably the most conveniently com- prehensive handbook is that compiled in the United States of America by G.A.Connor, D.T.Connor, W.Solzbacher and the Very Rev.Dr. J.B.Se-Tsi- en Kao. This [Esperanto:The World Interlanguage*, New York, The Beech- hurst Press, 1948, 245 pp.) is described in its foreword as 'six books in one' and as serving 'for learning Esperanto in addition to learning about Esperanto', the sixparts being respectively entitled 'Language and Inter- language', 'Practical textbook of Esperanto', 'The modern Esperanto reader', 'Guidebook for the practical Esperantist' (including a directory of Esperanto organizations and publications in special fields), 'Esperan- to-English dictionary', 'English-Esperanto dictionary'. Small pamphlet keys, explaining the grammar and containing a dictionary of the root words, are available in 39 languages. By enclosing one of these in a letter written in the language it is possible to ensure that the recipient, even without previous knowledge of Esperanto, will be able to read it. There is a literature totaling some thousands of volumes relating to all branches of knowledge and fiction, mainly but not exclusively trans- lations from other languages into Esperanto." Sub-chapter 6.6 gives a short description of the characteristics of Esperanto ("the qualities sought and attained have been simplicity, re- gularity, and richness") and of its grammar and word formation. It sum- marizes the use of Esperanto in scientific and technological publica- tions, both in the form of books, magazines, and articles originally writ- ten in Esperanto or translated into the language, and of Esperanto sum- maries added to books and articles published in the authors'native tongues. The oral use of Esperanto at conferences and International Summer Uni- versities is mentioned. Brief sample texts in Esperanto from the fields of biology, chemistry, and physics are reproduced. The UNESCO report also points out some of the unsolved problems at international confer- ences for which Esperanto might offer a solution. 115 Turning to educational research, the sub-chapter draws attention to several objective, statistically controlled experiments aimed at comparing the rate at which schoolchildren of known standards of performance in intelligence tests learn Esperanto, natural languages, and the former fol- lowed by the latter. The UNESCO book mentions in particular the tests reported by Norman Williams in-the (British) Head Teachers' Review (October 1952) and by J.H.Halloran in the British Journal of Educational Psychology (November 1952) — both of which were summarized and dis- cussed in the American Esperanto Magazine of March-April 1953*. Finally, the publication devotes about two pages to a summary ac- count of UNESCO activities and studies concerning Esperanto. It men- tions the International Conference on Science Abstracting held in Paris in 1949, the Esperanto petition "lodged with the United Nations by a delegation of the Universala Esperanto-Asocio jointly with the Esperanto Association of North America. . . forwarded by the United Nations to UNESCO" in 1950, furthermore action taken by UNESCO on this petition, and, finally, the resolution adopted in December 1954 by the General Conference of UNESCO in Montevideo. 279 Experts Cooperated The UNESCO report on scientific and technical translating was pre- pared in response to a resolution adopted at the seventh and eighth ses- sions of the General Conference of UNESCO in 1952 and 1954, which authorized the Director-General "to advise and encourage international organizations concerned with the development and improvement of scien- tific documentation, with the standardization of terminology, with the compilation of multilingual dictionaries, and with the improvement of scientific translations." Dr.J.E.Holmstrom, of UNESCO Headquarters in Paris, long a pioneer in the field, served as General Editor. The final version is the result of collaboration between the UNESCO Secretariat and 219 experts on scientific and technical translating, resident in 21 countries. Their names, listed in an appendix, include 27 in the United States, among them Professor Mario A. Pei and Dr. William Solzbacher. Appendix 4 presents a "recapitulation of proposals discussed in this report regarding which further expressions of opinion are invited." It is pointed out, however, that, "at the time of publishing this report, UNESCO has not decided either in favor or against any of these proposals" and that, "if it were persuaded to pursue them, its ability to do so would be conditioned by its budget." One of these proposals is "further study of the expediency of promoting the use of an international auxiliary lan- guage for scientific publication or abstracting or both." Many of the matters discussed in the extremely valuable and signifi- cant UNESCO report are beyond the immediate field of interest of the American Esperanto Magazine. Others are of the greatest importance in connection with our endeavors, and we hope to give more attention to them in the future,.The work so ably undertaken and continued over many years by Dr.Holmstrom deserves the cooperation and support of all those interested in solving the language problems of science and technology. Some references toother UNESCO publications in the same field may be in order. There is, for instance, the Bibliography of Interlingual Sci- entific and Technical Dictionaries *, The third edition, published in 116 1953, is in English, French, and Spanish, while the first two editions, which appeared in 1951, were in English and French only. The first edi- tion was reviewed in the American Esperanto Magazine of May 1951 *, a preliminary study by Dr.Holmstrom on the same subject in the issue of May-June 1950 *. The third edition lists 54 multilingual dictionaries us- ing. Esperanto. There had been 75 such listings in the second edition, 74 in the first. The reason for the decrease lies in the fact that the re- striction to the natural sciences and their technological application was more consequently carried out in the third edition, so that dictionaries on philosophy, psychology, education, commerce, etc., included at first, have been omitted. The bibliography is arranged according to the Uni- versal Decimal Classification, uses a very ingenious system of indicat- ing the languages used in each dictionary, and has at the end a "lan- guage index", an "authors' index", and a "subject index". Among the sources of information mentioned by Dr.Holmstrom in the introduction is a special issue of the American Esperanto Magazine, Technical Vocab- ularies in Esperanto: A Critical Study and Survey *, published in July- August 1949, for which Dr. William Solzbacher was responsible. Publi- cations listed on the basis of that publication are marked "Sz." (Solz- bacher), while "LC stands for Library of Congress, "NY" for the New York Public Library, "BN" forthe Bibliotheque Nationalein Paris,etc. 745 Technical Dictionaries in Esperanto It might be pointed out here that the bibliography published by the American Esperanto Magazine (Technical Dictionaries in Esperanto — A Bibliographical Survey *) lists 106 publications, printed in 19 coun- tries, for 43 specialized fields. It covers a much wider field than the natural sciences and includes, in addition to interlingual dictionaries, terminologies published only in Esperanto. Bringing this list up to date by adding dictionaries published since 1949 or not known to the author at that time (for instance, more than a dozen published in Japan) would result in a list of about 145 technical vocabularies in Esperanto pub- lished until the fall of 1957. The UNESCO series, "Documentation and Terminology of Science", includes also a two-volume Bibliography of Monolingual Scientific and Technical Glossaries by Eugen Wiister, of Austria, known for his pub- lications on the standardization of terminologies as well as for his En- cyclopedic Dictionary Esperanto-German (Enciklopedia Vortaro Esper- anto-Germana *), including the famous treatise on "Esperantological Principles." (Esperantologiaj Principoj), The first volume of Wiister's bibliography, "National Standards", was published in 1955, while the second volume, "Miscellaneous Sources", is in preparation. The first volume mentions (on page 60) the pharmaceutical nomenclature in Latin and Esperanto, published in 1923 by the International Pharmaceutical Federation at The Hague. Dr. J. E. Holmstrom's Report on Interlingual Scientific and Techni- cal Dictionaries *, published simultaneously with the first edition of his Bibliography, was analyzed in this magazine in two articles mentioned above. The Report discusses, among other proposals, the possibility of using Esperanto as a "bridge language" in technical dictionaries. The International Conference on Science Abstracting, held in Paris 117 under UNESCO auspicies in June 1949, should also be mentioned in this connection. Its Final Report was published by UNESCO in 1951, reprinted in 1953- At the conference Professor Serge Tchakhotine, of Paris, General Secretary of an organization called the World Confedera- tion of Cultural Forces, introduced a resolution to the effect that "each issue of a scientific journal should include abstracts, preferably in En- glish or French and in the international auxiliary language Esperanto of all original articles", but it was not carried. In the later discussion, Dr. C. Groeneveld, Head of the Documentation Department of the Lab- oratory of Royal Dutch/Shell, in Amsterdam, "thought it only fair that the pros and cons of Esperanto should be seriously considered." No action was taken, however, in this direction. "Esperanto offers a feasible solution..." The Final Report of the International Conference on Science Ab- stracting includes, however, among the documents printed in its annex, an extremely interesting memorandum titled Observations ana' Recommen- dations Submitted by a Committee of the British Esperantist Scientific Association (affiliated to the Internacia Scienca Asocio Esperantista), signed by E. D. Dutrant. It presents a number of significant facts and suggestions and mentions, for instance, that a General Meeting of the Third Conference of ASLIB (Association of Special Libraries and In- formation Bureaux), in 1926, adopted a resolution, "That the use of Es- peranto would be of advantage to members of ASLIB." The same document mentions that in 1946 Mr. L. G. M. Roberts, Chair- man of the Joint ASLIB-Association of Scientific Workers Committee on the Reform of Methods of Publication of Scientific Literature, and Hon- orary Adviser to the British Esperantist Scientific Association, sought the opinion of Dr. E. J. Crane, of Chemical Abstracts, who passed the matter on to Mr. Austin M. Patterson of Antioch College, USA, who gave the following reply: "... Esperanto seems far ahead of its competitors as regards activi- ties, publications, and adherents in this (USA) as in other countries... I attended an Esperanto Congress of Scientists in Paris in 1925 and con- cluded then and there that Esperanto offers a feasible solution; scien- tists from various countries, including China, conversed and debated without the slightest difficulty. This was quite in contrast to the inter- national congress of chemists which I attended the same year when there was constant translation back and forth and much misunderstanding." Professor Patterson, who had served as Editor of Chemical Abstracts and as Chemistry Editor of Webster's New International Dictionary, is an authority on the nomenclature of chemistry, and published in 1933 in the Journal of the American Chemical Society a significant article on the Definitive Report of the Commission on the Reform of the Nomen- clature of Organic Chemistry, of which he was a member. In addition to UNESCO publications devoted to improving the ex- change of scientific information, especially through translation, abstract- ing, and terminological standardization, there are also a number of other UNESCO publications which have implications for the actual or potential use of Esperanto. They will be discussed at a later time. * Titles available from EANA Book Service. Send for List & Prices. 118 ĈARLATANA LINGVOSCIENCO Marr — Drezen — Stalin — Ĉikobava — Lapenna D-ro V/illiam Solzbacher fiembro de la Akademio de Esperanto (Daŭrigo de artikolo en la numeroj de Marto-Aprilo kaj Mafo-Junio) La fama franca lingvisto Antoine Meillet, kiu kritikis la absurdajn teoriojn de Marr kaj respondericevis nur sovaĝan atakon kontraŭ la "bur- ga lingvoscienco", skribis: "Se burga scienco konsistas en tio, ke oni vidas la faktojn, kiaj ili estas, mi akceptas la kulpigon esti burĝo". Marr estis tiel konvinkita, ke liaj fantaziaj hipotezoj estas pravaj kaj ke ili formas esencan parton de la marksismo-leninismo, ke li perdis la kapablecon, "vidi la faktojn, kiaj ili esras". Hans Arens, aŭtoro de la verko Sprachwissenschaft ("Lingvoscienco", Freiburg kaj Mŭnchen, Ger- manujo, 1955), diras pri Marr, ke "liaj sensaciaj kaj... romanece aspekt- antaj asertoj suferas pro tio, ke li evidente facile emas prezenti hipo- tezon kiel teorion kaj teorion kiel fakton" (p. 413)- Nikolaj Jakovlevic Marr unue studis la rilatojn de la kaŭkazaj lingvoj inter si mem kaj kun la semidaj lingvoj. Poste li pretendis esti malkovr- inta "trian elementon" inter la lingvoj de la mezmara regiono — apud la hindoeŭropaj kaj la semidaj lingvoj. Li proklamis la parencecon de la kaŭkazaj lingvoj kun la baska, kun la malnova etruska, kun la sumera, hitita kaj skita lingvoj, et kun la buruŝaska lingvo en montovalo de Hindujo-Pakistano. Tiujn lingvojn Marr nomis "jafetidaj", uzante ter- minon, kiun Leibnirz estis uzinta por la hindoeŭropaj lingvoj. Lapenna, en piednoto sur p. 21 de Retoriko, diras, ke "la hindoeŭropa lingvoteorio klasigis la lingvojn... laŭ la legendaj (!) filoj de Noabo: Semo kaj Hamo (semidaj kaj hamidaj lingvoj). La nomo de la tria filo, Jafeto, restis neeluzita. Marr donis tiun nomon al la lingvoj, kiujn li malkovris (!) en Kaŭkazio kaj kiuj ne povis eniri la sistemon de la ĝis tiam ellaboritaj genealogiaj lingvaj tabeloj." "Idealismo" kaj "Materialismo" Post la Komunista Revolucio en Rusujo la teorioj de Marr fariĝis pli kaj pli absurdaj.Laŭ la marksista kompreno de Marr la lingvo estas "su- perstruktuxa fenomeno" kaj havas klasan karakteron. Ciuj lingvoj, kiuj ekzistis kaj ekzistas, estas "klasaj lingvoj", kaj "nacia lingvo" ne ek- zistas. "Senklasa" lingvo povos ekzisti nur en senklasa socio. Unue la lingvo ne estis "sona", sed "kinetika" lingvo: La homoj parolis per ma- no j. La sona lingvo havis klasan karakteron de la komenco. Unue ĝin uzis la magiistoj, ne kiel komunikilon kunaliaj homoj, sed kiel komunik- ilon kun la totemo. Marr forĵetis preskaŭ la tutan tradician lingvosciencon, car ĝi estas "idealista" kaj ne "materialista". En Revolucio en la Lingvoscienco, la broŝureto liverinta al Lapenna la argumentojn por lia teorio, ke la ling- voj evoluas "de multlingveco al unulingveco", A. P. Andreev citas anon de Marr, S. I. Kovalev, kiu diris, ke la teorio de Marr "faras en la kampo de la lingvoscienco don, kion la marksismo faris en la kampo de la fi- lozofio kaj sociologio: Gi starigas la lingvosciencon de la idealista ka- 119 po sur la materialistajn piedojn" (pp. 39-40 de la rusa eldono, kiun mi citas, car mi ne havas la Esperanto-tradukon). En la ĵurnalo Izvestia en Moskvo, M. N. Pokrovskij publikigis la 23-an de Majo 1928 artikolon okaze de la 40-jara jubileo de la unua artikolo de Marr (aperinta en gruza lingvo en la revuo Iveria en 1888). Li skrib- is: "Se Engels ankoraŭ vivus inter ni, Ĉiu komunista universitatano nun okupiĝus pri la teorio de Marr, Car ĝi enirus la feran inventaron de la marksista kompreno de la homa kulturo." (Mi citas laŭ Andreev; la Gran- da Soveta Enciklopedio, kiu enhavas lasaman citaĵon kundu malgrandaj Ŝanĝoj, diras, ke la artikolo de Pokrovskij aperis en Pravda "en 1928"; Andreev fiajnas pli fidinda, Car li donas la precizan daton.) Marr kaj la Esperanto-Movado Interesa demando estas, kial la estroj de la soveta Esperanto-movado decidis ligi sian destinon al tiu de Marr. Hi publikigis en Moskvo serion da broSuroj en rusa lingvo sub la titolo Bibliateka Sovetskogo Esperan- tista (Biblioteko de la Soveta Esperantisto). Eliris kvin numeroj, ĉiuj en 1929. Tri estis deDrezen (la tri partoj de Bazoj de la Lingvoscienco, de la Teorio kaj Historio de la Intemacia Lingvo), la du aliaj estis pro- pagandiloj por la teorio de Marr, verkitaj de Andrej Petrovie Andreev. Unu el ili, La Revolucio de la Lingvoscienco — La Jafetida Teorio de Akademiano N. j. ftlarr (40-paĝa), poste aperis en Leipzig en Esperanto sub la titolo Revolucio en la Lingvoscienco (68-paĝa) kaj estas la verk- eto, kiun uzis Lapenna, La alia, Lingvo kaj Pensado — Provo de Es- ploro sur la Bazo de la Materialista Jafetida Teorio, estas multe pli ampleksa (106-paĝa) kaj ne aperis en Esperanto. Ambaŭ verketoj estis eldonitaj de la Lingvistika Komisiono de la Sovetrespublikara Esper- antista Unuiĝo. Lingvo kaj Pensado preskaŭ neniam mencias Esperanton. Ĉio estas Marr, Mart, Marr. Revolucio en la Lingvoscienco enhavas malmultajn aludojn al Esperanto, ekzemple je la fino (p. 40 de la rusa eldono): "Kaj en Ciuj tiuj demandoj tute ne la malplej gravan rolon ludos la tricent- jaraj klopodoj, starigi rutmondajn filozofiajn lingvojn kaj praktikajn in- ternaciajn lingvojn. Kaj inter ili la rolo de Esperanto estos sendube la plej granda kaj la plej utila." Eble Drezen, Andreev kaj aliaj fariĝis propagandistoj de Marr, por gajni lian subtenon por Esperanto. Marr antaŭe estis espriminta opiniojn malfavorajn al Esperanto. Petro Stojan, sur paĝo 164 de la Bibliografio de Intemacia Lingvo, mencias artikolojn de Marr publikigitajn en 1925 kaj 1926 "kontraŭ artefarita lingvo" kaj "kontraŭ artefarita surogata lingvo". En la Enciklopedio de Esperanto (p. 464) Nikolaj V. Nekrasov resumas la opiniojn de Marr pri Esperanto en la jenaj vortoj: "Marr kelk- foje sufiĉe favore diris pri Esperanto, sed li konsideras ĝin kiel suro- gaton kaj kiel malvaste individuan aferon, tamen utilan en kondiĉoj de eŭropa vivo. La estonta tuthomara lingvo — laŭ Marr — devas esti arte- farita, kaj ĝi estos 'lingvo de nova sistemo, tute speciala, ĝis nun ne ekzistanta', eble eĉ ne sona, sed universale komprenebla per iu alia ankoraŭ netrovita maniero." Drezen sukcesis ricevi de Marr antaŭparolon por sia libro Za Vse- obŝĉim Jazikom, kaj en tiu antaŭparolo Marr ne povis eviti diri ion afab- lan pri Esperanto. Sed kiel li faris tion? Jen laŭvorta traduko: 120 "Nova ekonomia-socia sistemo kun la unueco de unu ĝenerala struk- turo kaj kun koresponda komuneco de la superstrukturaj mondoj kun ilia propra terminologio venkos multajn malfacilaĵojn per rimedoj, kiujn ni nun eC ne povas imagi. Sed cu tio signifas, ke ni alprenas negativan sin- tenon al universalaj lingvoj ne aperintaj en la oportuna tempo, inter ili Esperanto? Tute ne. Ĉiu legomo havas sian tempon. Krome, ju pli bone prosperas la diversaj artefaritaj lingvoj jam praktike junkciantaj, inter kiuj troviĝas Esperanto, des pli forte ili konfirmas la pravecon de la tezo de la Jafetida teorio pri la artefarita origino de la sona lingvo ĝe- nerale, kaj krome ili helpas kolekti materialon por la ĝusta dijino de la tasko de la kreado de unu komuna lingvo de la homaro." Rimarku, ke Marr ne parolas pri Esperanto, sed pri "diversaj arte- faritaj lingvoj jam praktike funkciantaj, inter kiuj troviĝas Esperanto", ke li konsideras la aperon de Esperanto kiel ion okazintan "antaŭ la oportuna tempo", kaj ke lin Ĉefe interesas la ebleco, uzi la ekziston de Esperanto kiel argumenton favore al la ĉarlatana Jafetida teorio. Drezen kaj Lapenna Eraris Sendube Drezen pensis, ke eĉ tiu modesta "subteno" al Esperanto estis grava pro la diktatora potenco de Marr en la soveta lingvoscienco kaj pro la blinda aprobo, kiun Stalin donis al Marr tiutempe. La historio pruvis, ke Drezen eraris, ligante la destinon de la Esperanto-movado en la Soveta Imperio al la teorio de Marr. En la lumo de la cirkonstancoj regantaj en 1927-1929 oni tamen iomete povas kompreni lian sintenon. Sed kian kaŭzon povis havi D-ro Lapenna en 1950 porelfosi la tute sen- kreditigitan teorion de Marr kaj por prezenti ĝin al la Esperantistaro kiel pruvon, ke "la lingvo ankaŭ evoluas de la iama tre granda multlingveco al baldaŭa unulingveco"? Oni ne miskomprenu min: Mi ne diras, ke Lapenna studis la verkojn de Marr. Evidente li tion ne faris, sed prenis la ideojn de Marr el la broŝureto de Andreev. Piednoto en Retoriko (p. 21) diras: "Por la studo de la jafetida teo- rio precipe gravaj estas liaj verkoj: Evoluetapoj de la Jafetida Teorio, en rusa lingvo, Moskvo 1926, kaj Jafetida Teorio, en rusa lingvo, Mosk- vo, 1928." Tiuj bibliografiaj informoj estas ne nur falsaj (kiel multaj bibliografiaj informoj de Lapenna), sed del falsaj, ke li tute evidente ne povas koni la librojn. La Jafetida Teorio en diskutoj preskaŭ Ĉiam estis citata kiel la Bakua Kurso (ruse Bakinskij Kurs), Car ĝi aperis en Baku, do ne en Moskvo. La plena titolo de la libro estas La Jafetida Teorio — Programo de Generala Kurso de la Instruo pri la Lingvo, kaj ĝin eldonis en 1927 la Orientscienca Fakultato de la Azerbajdjana Re- gistara V. I, Lenin- Universitato en Baku. La alia libro menciita de Lapenna estas Sur la Evoluetapoj de la Jafetida Teorio kaj estas presita en Leningrad en 1926, Gin eldonis la Scienca Esplora Instituto por la Tribaj kaj Naciaj Kulturoj de la Oriento de la Unuiĝo de Sovetaj Socialistaj Respublikoj en Moskvo kaj Lenin- grad. Gi prezentas kolektitajn artikolojn de Marr el diversaj epokoj kaj eĉ enhavas la gruzan (georgan) originalon kaj la rusan tradukon de lia unua artikolo publikigita en 1888 pri La Naturo kaj la Karakterizaj Kva- litoj de la Gruza Lingvo. (Daŭrigota), 121 ESPERANTA KRONIKO Joseph N. Schneiders, en la Ŝtato Iowa, estas tre okupica instruisto en altlernejo, sed li trovas tempon por interesigi la studentojn pri Es- peranto. En la kursoj pri la angla lingvo, ĉiuj studentoj ankafl lernas iom da Esperanto. Historia eraro enfiteliĝis en nian artikolon, "Du Memortagoj por Es- peranto", en la Maja-Junia numero, p. 82. Ni diris, ke la Unua Libro de Zamenhof aperis la 14-an de Julio 1887 lad la malnova kalendaro, la 27-an de Julio lad la nuna. La ĝusta dato estas la 26-a de Julio lad la nuna kalendaro. La diferenco inter la du kalendaroj nun estas 13 tagoj, sed la jaro 1900 havis 366~ tagojn lad la malnova kalendaro, 365 tagojn lad la nova. Do antad 1900 la diferenco estis nur 12 tagoj. Pri tio bon- volis atentigi nin S-ro Norman Williams, lernejestro de Egerton Park County Secondary School, Denton, Manchester, Anglujo. Esperanto estas instruata en tiu lernejo. S-ro Williams nun verkas biografion de Zamenhof por infanoj. Se iu el niaj legantoj havas nepublikigitan materialon pri Zamenhof, ekzemple leterojn de li, S-ro Williams volonte addus pri tio. Li skxibas, ke li trovas nian gazeton tre interesa. En la Publika Biblioteko en Washington, D.C., granda Esperanto- ekspozicio okazis en Julio kaj Adgusto. Gi altiris multe da atento en la gazetaro per informoj kaj leteroj. Esperanto-Familio Heroux en Kebeko: S-ino Georges (Therese) Her- oux, organizanto de multaj sukcesaj kursoj en Trois-Rivieres, Kebeko (Kanado), revenis hejmen por dadrigi pliajn kursojn tuj post Ĉeesto Ce la Kongreso de EANA en Newark. Plej Ŝatataj inter la kongresanojestis S-ino Heroux kaj Ŝia bopatro, Charles-Edouard Heroux, Esperanto-pioniro en Franc-kanado, kaj bofratino Marguerite Heroux. Tre aktiva estas tiu Esperanto-familio: multaj kursoj, artikoloj en lokaj jurnaloj, nun kurso- projektopor la loka radiostacio, kaj granda Cambrego en urba sporta klubo por kursoj dum la sekvonta sezono. S-ino HeYoux jam utiligis multajn lernolibrojn, inter kiuj plej sukcesaj estas "Practical Esperanto" (Ben- son) kaj "Esperanto—The World Interlanguage". Kompreneble oni ankad utiligas francajn vortarojn por Esperanto. Ni esperas presi belan bildon de la Heroux-familio en la sekvonta AE, kune kun pli da novaĵoj pri la progreso de kursoj en Trois-Rivieres. Dona Jo McQuade & 'Universal Language': AE ricevis tre bonan, profesie verkitan tezon "Universal Language" (pri Esperanto) de F-ino McQuade, diplomito de altlernejo en Okcidenta Virginio. La tezo kon- sistas de antadparolo kaj kvar plenaj Ĉapitroj respondantaj gravajn de- mandojn rilate al interlingvo. Ni gratulas. F-ino McQuade laboras por semajna ĵurnalo titolita "Hillbilly" (nomo de montarano en la sudo) — tre interesa jurnalo pri la vivo en tiu regiono. Estante brila studento, Si komencis studadon en "Elon College" en Nord-Karolino ĉi-aŭtune. International Christian Esperantist League uses Esperanto in the service of the ecumenical movement. Inquiries invited. Edwin C. Harler, 2836 N. Park Ave., Philadelphia 32, Pa. 122 Julia May Leach, nia veterana membro en Florido, atingis la belan aĝon de 86 jaroj ci-jare. Si tenas konstantan intereson pri la aferoj de EANA, kaj sendas help-donacojn de tempo al tempo. Kvankam Ŝi havas tiom da jaroj, Si aktive partoprenas en la laboroj de la Ruĝa Kruco en sia komunumo. Si estas brila stelo en la krono de membroj de EANA. Ni gratulas Sin pro la vigleco kaj saneco je la ago 86. "Amerika Skolto" estas la titolo de modesta bulteno de la usona sek- cio de la internacia Esperantista skolt-organizo. Oni anoncas ĝin kiel duonjaran bultenon. La unua numero, julio 1957, havas 9 mimeografitajn paĝojn. Adresu: Allan Fineberg, 62 Bergen Ave., Jersey City, N. ]. Enrique Fong, origine Kubano, nun estas civitano de Usono, kaj li deĵoras en la usona armeo en Koreo. S-ro Fong estas tre fervora membro de EANA, kaj skribis: "Nia AE tre multe pliboniĝis. Ciuj artikoloj estas tre interesaj. La tago en kiu mi ricevas ĝin estas tago de ĝojo." Ni es- peras presi leteron de li pri Koreo en baldaŭa numero de AE. Suplemenio al Millidge-Vortaro: Nova "Supplement to the Esperanto- English Dictionary of Millidge" ĵus eldoniĝis. Kompilis: Donald R. Broad- ribb kaj Paul E. Nace. Ni recenzos ĝin en sekvonta AE. Bonega artikolo pri lingvoj, en "Classmate* (Samkursano), ĵurnalo de la Metodista Dimanĉ-Lernejo, aperis la 18-an de Aflgusto sub la plu- mo de F-ino Fran Shepherd. Tiu priskribas la lingvan baron en Eŭropo, kaj enhavas kelkajn paragrafojn pri Esperanto, kun adreso de EANA. Ni Ŝuldas dankojn al nia pioniro S-ro Fenton Stancliff pro la eltondaĵo. Esperanto-Societo de Cikago estis preskaŭ tiel aktiva dum la somero kiel alitempe dum la jaro. Sekretariino Doroteo Holland raportas, ke ESC gastigis, inter aliaj, la jenajn eksterlandanojn: S-ro B. Chambers, Ha- vajo; Ge-oj C. Thollet, Moroko; kaj Ge-oj Bertram Potts, Nov-Zelando. Duodecimala Societo de Ameriko: La Sekretario de "Duodecimal So- ciety of America* S-ro Ralph H. Beard, verkis tre interesan artikolon pri la duodecimala sistemo, kiun ni presos Esperante en la sekvonta numero de AE. S-ro Beard estas eminenta membro de nia Subtena Ko- mitato, kiu interesiĝis pri Esperanto jam delonge. Dum la somero li, per intensa studo, plibonigis sian kapablon uzi Esperanton. Nordic W/ncfi kaj "gravaj studoj"! Nia juna membro, Nordic, skribas je la fino de la lemejjaro en junio: "Nu! Mi estas tiel feliĉa, ke la ler- nejjaro finiĝis, Car la studado en la lernejo sin intermetis inter miaj gra- vaj studoj, t.e. Esperanto, opero, ktp.H! D-ro Y. Gulsoy, multjara membro de EANA, origine el Turkujo, dok- toriĝis en universitato en Cikago dum junio. Ni gratulas kaj ĝojas pro lia sukceso post studado en universitatoj en Kanado kaj Usono. Send- ante kotizon kaj kontribuon al la Asocio, li informas, ke li restos en Hispanujo dum ses monatoj por serĉlaboro rilate al lia disertacio. Complete Russian Course (Linguaphone): New, unused, complete Russian Course, in original packing, will sell at sacrifice price. Cost owner $57.50. 32 lessons (16 disks), 4 texts, case, etc. write EANA. 123 NIA BELA KONGRESO EN NEWARK Babi /e Mu/o f NTUZIASMO kaj vere samideana atmosfero regis inter la novaj kaj v_-^ malnovaj Esperantistoj, kiuj kunvenis fine de Junio en la 47-a Kon- greso de EANA. Pli ol 120 personoj partoprenis la diversajn aranĝojn, kaj proksimume 100 ĉeestis la bankedon. Mi diras "proksimume 100", Car la preciza nombro estas enigmo: Oni kalkulis 99 ĉeestantojn, sed ili konsumis 101 manĝojn! Ĉu du Esperantistoj estis nevideblaj, eble pro la fumo de la Sano-cigaredoj, kiujn la fabrikanto liveris senpage, ho- nore al la Esperanto-nomo de tiu produkto — aŭ ĉu du samideanoj (aŭ samideaninoj) manĝis duoblajn porciojn de ĉio? Mi ne scias; do ni prenu la mezan nombron kaj diru, ke ceestis cent. Pioniroj el Kanado kaj Hungarujo En niaj kongresoj ĉiam estas speciala ĝojo, renkonti malnovajn pio- nirojn de Esperanto. Unu el ili estas S-ro C. E. Heroux el Trois-Rivieres, Kanado, kiu venis al Newark kun siaj ĉarmaj bofilino kaj filino. Niaj legantoj scias, ke la Esperanto-movado en Nord-Ameriko komenciĝis en la franclingva regiono de Kanado, kie Pastro F. X. Solis, A. P. Beau- chemin kaj A. Saint-Martin fervore propagandis kaj kie jam en la jaro 1901 (kvin jarojn antaŭ la fondo de Amerika Esperantisto) aperis la ga- zeto L'Esperantiste Canadien. S-ro Heroux estis Esperantisto en la fruaj tagoj kaj ĉeestis la Universalan Kongresonen Washington en 1910, kiam li renkontis D-ron Zamenhof kaj aliajn eminentulojn. Poste, pro diversaj kaŭzoj, Esperanto preskaŭ malaperis en la Provinco Quebec. S-ro Heroux longe kredis, ke nia lingvo ne plu ekzistas kaj fariĝis revo de la pasint- eco. Multajn jarojn poste la inteligenta bofilino de S-ro Heroux, Therese Heroux, aŭdis pri Esperanto kaj studis ĝin, tute ne sciante, ke iam Sia bopatro multe laboris por la lingvo. Nun S-ino Heroux estas unu el la plej agemaj propagandistinoj de Esperanto en la nordamerika kontinento. Si gvidas kursojn, donas intervjuojn al ĵurnaloj kaj disdonas propagand- ilojn en Trois-Rivieres kaj aliaj partoj de Kanado. La Heroux-familio do unuigas en si mem la spiriton de la malnovaj pioniroj kaj tiun "novan sangon", kiun la movado bezonas en siaj gvidantaj rondoj. Alia pioniro, kiu Ceestis la kongreson en Newark, estas D-ro Tivadar Soros, kiu en 1922 fondis la revuon Literatura Mondo en Budapest kaj estas la aŭtoro (sub la nomo D-ro Teodoro Schwartz) de la aŭtobiografia romano Modemaj Robinzonoj en la Siberia Praarbaro. Tiu verko, kiu en 1923 ricevis premion en la Internaciaj Floraj Ludoj en Manresa, Hispan- ujo, priskribas aventurojn, kiujn la aŭtoro havis kiel militkaptito en Ru- sa Azio. En Newark D-ro Soros rakontis al ni pri la Esperanto-movado en Siberio kaj Rusujo dum kaj post la Revolucioj de 1917. El Siberio li iris al Petrograd (nun Leningrad) por Ĉeesti la Trian Tutruslandan Kon- gresonde Esperantistoj en 1921. Li rakontis, kiel trupoj de Ceka (polico) cirkaŭis la kongresejon por devigi la akcepton de rezolucio, kontraŭ kiu ekzistis forta opozicio. D-ro Soros laboris dum kelka tempo kiel Sekre- tariode la Sovetlanda Esperanto-Unuiĝo (SEU), ĝis kiam li povis hejmen- iri al Hungarujo. Post la Hungara Oktobra Revolucio de 1956 li sukcesis atingi Aŭstrujon kaj enmigri Amerikon. Alia kongresano, kiu faris profundan impreson sur ĉiujn, estis nia 124 juna blinda samideano Byron L. Eguiguren el Guayaquil, Ekvadoro. Lia fervoro kaj enruziasmo por Esperanto kaj EANA, lia atento al praktikaj detaloj kaj lia ĉarma kaj sincera personeco gajnis al li la amikecon de ĉiuj. Mi ankaŭ menciu D-ron Bryning, eminentan kirurgon, kiu lernis Es- peranton antaŭ multaj jaroj, sed poste forgesis Cion, kaj kiu nur du se- manojn antaŭ la kongreso reinteresiĝis pri la movado kaj "refreŝigis" sian scion de la lingvo. Li parolis Esperanton kun rimarkinda facileco. Lia neelĉerpebla trezoro de spertoj en multaj landoj, liaj amuzaj anek- dotoj pri kuracistoj, flegistinoj kaj pacientoj, lia scio de multaj lingvoj, liaj praktikaj konsiloj por la disvastigo de Esperanto kaj gia uzo en la sciencoj kaj lia tondra ridado restis en mia memoro. Aliaj kongresanoj, kiujn mi vidis unuafoje en Newark, povus esti men- ciataj. Jen Profesoro Markevich, klera lingvisto kaj membro de la Libera Ukraina Akademio de Sciencoj. Jen fervora kaj elokventa junulo el la Stato Nebraska, Terry Tilford, kiu venis kun sia patrino kaj sia fratino, trapasantela duonan kontinenton por ĉeesti la Nord-Amerikan Esperanto- Kongreson. Se mi volus mencii ĉiujn "novulojn" kaj ankaŭ la malnovajn geamikojn, kiujn mi konis el antaŭaj kongresoj, nia gazeto ne havus sufiĉe da paĝoj. Sed, estas tempo por babili iomete pri la aranĝoj de la kongreso. La Prezidanto de EANA, Prof. Brewer, bedaŭrinde ne povis ĉeesti, far li troviĝis en Kalifornio, partoprenante ekzercojn de la Usona Mararmeo, en kiu li estas rezerva oficiro. Lia antaŭulo en la prezidanta ofico, D-ro Solzbacher, anstataŭis lin kiel kongresprezidanto, plenumante rolon, kiu por li fariĝis preskaŭ tradicia. La Vicprezidantino de EANA,S-ino Marks, reveninte de longa restado en Hispanujo, estis inter ni. La Kongreso Labor!s La ĉefa kongrestemo estis "Esperanto en la Lernejojn!" D-ro John McSharry, Prezidanto de la Asocio por la Eduko de Plenkreskuloj en la Stato New Jersey (Adult Education Association of New Jersey), profunde pritraktis ĝin. S-ro G. Alan Connor, Generala Sekretario de EANA, donis kelkajn bazajn faktojn pri la instruado de Esperanto en usonaj lernejoj en sia jara raporto, dum D-ro Solzbacher prezentis internacian superri- gardon en sia malferma parolado. En la nunjaraj elektoj niaj agemaj amikoj Henry Kruse, advokato kaj Prezidanto de la Esperanto-Asocio de New Jersey, kaj J. H. Hartley el Kanado, fariĝis Estraranoj de EANA. La Estraro sufiĉe bone respegulas la geografion de Nord-Ameriko, kun 3 membroj el la regiono de New York -New Jersey, unu el la Meza Okcidento, unu el la Pacifika Okcidento, unu el la Sudo kaj unu el Kanado. La Estraro konsistas el kvar viroj kaj tri virinoj. Sajnas, ke nia asocio traktas la egalrajtecon de la seksoj pli serioze ol la plimulto de aliaj organizoj. La kongreso en Newark serioze laboris. Kvar diskutgrupoj kunvenis samtempe, kaj tri fakaj kunvenoj ankaŭ okazis samtempe. Tiel pli granda nombro da kongresanoj povis aktive partopreni. La propagando de Esper- anto, la instruado de Esperanto, internaciaj kontaktoj kaj gramatikaj de- mandoj estis la temoj de la diskutgrupoj. Fakaj kunsidoj okazis por ka- tolikoj (IKUE), kristanoj (KELI) kaj skoltoj (SEL). Kvara faka kunsido, pri sonbendkorespondado, ne povis okazi pro manko de partoprenantoj, sed oni diskutis la temon en la fina ĝenerala kunveno de la kongreso, 125 kune kun la raportoj de la diskutgrupoj. Gramatikajn problemojn oni priparolis sub la gvidode S-ro Mychajliw. Pri propagandmetodoj kaj instrumetodoj la spertoj faritaj en la Stato New Jersey speciale interesis la ĉeestantojn. S-ino Davis, F-ino Yunghans, S-ro Walton kaj S-ro Kruse respondis longan serion da demandoj. Kiel havigi la subtenon de lokaj lernejaj aŭtoritatoj, kiel enigi artikolojn, raportojn kaj leterojn en la jurnalojn, kiel varbi kursanojn, kiel prepari kapablajn kursgvidantojn, kiel financi la propagandon — jen kelkaj de- mandoj de universala intereso. En la diskutgrupo pri internaciaj kontaktoj, kiun prezidis D-ro Solz- bacher, oni interŝanĝis spertojn pri internacia korespondado, pri la uzo de Esperanto en vojaĝoj, pri scienca faka laboro.Oni aŭskultis kun spe- ciala intereso la klarigojn de Pastro Sparks el Connecticut. Li estas ne nur baptista pastro (kaj ofte diras pre|on je la malfermo de EANA-kon- greso), sed ankaŭ instruisto de matematiko. La lastan jaron li pasigis en Eŭropo, unue kiel interŝanĝa instruisto en Britujo, poste kiel vojaĝ- anto en diversaj landoj de la kontinento. D-ro Solzbacher rakontis spert- ojn faritajn dum la pasinta jaro en vojaĝo al Islando kaj diversaj eŭropaj landoj kaj ankaŭ en diversaj internaciaj kongresoj, ekzemple la Uni- versala Kongreso de Esperanto en Kopenhago kaj la Tria Mondkongreso de Sociologio en Amsterdam, dum kiu S-ro C. J. Keur el Nederlando kaj li mem sisteme varbis por Esperanto. Mankas spaco por raporti Ĉion kaj por laŭdi Ĉiujn, kies laboro faris la Kongreson granda sukceso. Kiom da laborhoroj donis al la preparado de la kongreso Don Walton kaj liaj komitatanoj kaj helpantoj en New Jersey, Ray Kelly kaj lia edzino en New York, Ges-roj Connor kaj S-ro Mychajliw en la Centra Oficejo de EANA! Ray Kelly zorgis, ke la kon- greso estu vere "kantanta kongreso" kaj ke la bankedo estu sprita, vi- voplena, entuziasmiga afero. La teatrajo, La Registrita Letero, kiun li tradukis kaj direktis kaj en kiu li estis unu el la ĉefaj aktoroj (kune kun S-ino Connor, S-ino Kelly kaj S-ro Mychajliw), estis unu el la plej suk- cesaj komedioj, kiujn mi iam vidis sur Esperantista scenejo. Go/eco Ankau Regis en Newark... Cu mi menciu laravajn baletdancojnde la carmaj filinetoj de nia bje- lorusa samideano Zemojda, la Jbelan aŭtobusekskurson, la unuan pre- zentadon en Usono de la filmo Jen Nov-Zelando, la koloran filmon pri la belajbj de New Jersey, la saluttelegramojn de la Statestro de New Jersey kaj de la Urbestro de Newark, la raportojn en la gazetaro, la Es- perantistajn matenmanĝojn, tagmanĝojn kaj vespermanĝojn — kaj la gaj- ajn dumnoktajn "postkongresajn kunsidojn" en mistera trinkejo? Unu nokton, kiam mi reiris al mia hotelCambro en Newark je la unua matene, mi vidis kelkajn eminentulojn, pri kies nomoj mi diskrete silentos, sen- sukcese kuri malantaŭ unu el la lastaj aŭtobusoj irantaj al New York. Altkreska kaj afabla policisto portanta sian "noktobastonon" alparolis ilin kaj Sajne klopodis konsoli ilin. Subite mi aŭdis, kiel unu el niaj eminentuloj komencas regali tiun policiston per kompleta propagand- parolado pri Esperanto. Jes, mi pensis, Esperanto vere forrabas ilian dormon, kaj la unua matene estas perfektahoro por Esperanto-propagando inter la policistoj. Ft no. 126 DEZffiAS KORESPONDI ns; Kosto de anonco: Eksterlande, unu vorto aŭ mallongigo por unu cendo (ses vortoj por 1 int. respondkupono); Enlande, unu vorto por du cendoj. Anglujo. S-ino A. Myers, 22 Whalley Grove, Whalley Range, Manchester 16. Dez. kor. kun usonaj Esperantistinoj, komencantinoj. Argentina. Luis Vicino, Maza 1450 23/7, Buenos Aires. Dez. iŝ. neuzit- _ajn PM en komplet. serioj, jubil. aer-pm, UN; kontraŭ la argentinaj. Cehoslovakujo. S-ino St. Panska, Zborovska 4, Jihlava. Instruistino, dez. kor. kun usonanoj kaj samideanoj de Hawaii kaj tropikaj landoj. Francujo. R. Canet, avenue Denfert-Rochereau, Auxerre (Yonne). Instru- isto dez. kor. per poŝtkartoj. Hispanujo. Rafael Ayala, Generalissimo, 243, Barcelona. Dez. kor. per il. PK kun nordamerikaj gesamideanoj. Hungarujo. Dr. Bela Agh, Takerektar u. 8. II. 18, Szeged. 42-jara, laboras en Mez-lernejo, interes. pri literaturo, filmo, muziko, lingvistiko. Koreo. S-ro Jun Tai Kim, c/o Myng Sun Kim, 82 In Kyo Dong, Taegu. Studento pri diplomatio, 24-jaraĝa, Kristano, dez. kor. Esperante ail angle kun Amerikanoj. Pollando. Edward Czernecki, ul. Okrzel nr. 14, Myszkow, woj. Katowice. Dez. kor. kun poloj, aŭ amerikanoj de pola deveno pri Ĉiuj aferoj. Pollando. Edmund Kuc, ul. Gliwicka 172, Katowice 4. Dez. korespondi. Pollando. Benedykt Szatkowski, ul. Filarecka 7/1, Bydgoszcz. Fraŭlo, 21-jara dez. kor. kun samaĝaj gesamideanoj pri diversaj temoj, kaj iŝ. PK, PM, il. revuojn, fotojn. Respondo garantiata. Usono. Edw. Lacy, P. O. Box 805, Houston 1, Texas. Dez. aceti ekz. de "Green Star" de Dubin, uzitan aŭ novan. Amen'con Esperantists will enjoy reading "The British Esperantist", official organ of the British Esperanto Association. Monthly, 20 pages, illustrated. Partly in Esperanto, partly in English. Subscription one year $1.50; order thru EANA. Free specimen copy from the British Es- peranto Association, 140 Holland Park Ave., London W. 11, England. Kristano. Bulteno estas monata gazeto, tute en Esperanto, kiu prezentas religiajn artikolojn el protestanta vidpunkto. Eldonata en Usono. Peru de: Robert Powell. 2223 35th St., Astoria 5, N. Y. INTRODUCTION TO ESPERANTO The Universal Language 3rd Edition - Price $2.00 TV Sent on live days examination FREE. Box 792, Plocerville, Calif. ESPERANTO-INSIGNOJ Pendant No. 2 Button ot Brooch 50y — Pendant 60