INTER LANGUAGE AMERICAN ESPERANTO MAGAZINE AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Ofaala Organo de la ESPERANTO -ASOCIO de NORD-AMERIKO MAY-JUNE,1953 Fifty Cents AMERICAN ESPERANTO MAGAZINE (Amerika Esperantisto) G. ALAN CONNOR, Editor Vol. 67 114 West 16th Street nos. 5-6 New York 11 N. Y. Associate Editors: Dr. William Solzbacher, Doris Tappan Connor, Dr. S. Zamenhof, V. Rev. Gabriel N. Pausback, Myron Mychajliw. Sustaining Board: Portia Anderson, Dr. Luella K. Beecher, John M. Brewer, Sergio Docal, Preston Davis, Jr., Ernest G. Dodge, Dr. F. W. Breth, Anonymous, George Hirsch, Bertha E. Mullin, Tony Nabby, J. Louise Owens, Bertha F. Sloan, Harold S. Sloan, Dr. William Solzbacher, Sud-Kaliforniano, Mazah Schulz, Flora Wyman. Office Assistants: Lola Mae Muse, H. S. Harris. CONVENTION EOUNE) ? You will find a hearty welcome at your 43rd Annual E ANA Con- gress in New York. This is definitely the occasion for YOU. Read the Congress article in this issue of AE, and study the Congress program sent with this issue. Then make your plans to attend this greatest of all Esperanto events since the war. Send for your Con- gress Ticket and reservations at earliest moment. However, if cir- cumstances make it impossible to attend, then do the next best by signing up as a "participant-by-mail". Send your J3 for a Congress Ticket. This will not only greatly aid your Congress, but it will provide you with folders on New York, souvenir Congress insignia, festival program with Esperanto songs, banquet menu in Esper- anto, etc. You will be listed as a full-fledged member of Congress. Later you will receive Official Reports. So do that "good deed" for EANA and for yourself now. Send your $3 today. Jarabono eksterlande por kalendara jaro: $1.50 aŭ egalvaloro. Subscription rate in the United States and Canada: $3.00 per year. Make checks payable to the Esperanto Association of North America. Patron Membership in the EANA — $10.00 per year Regular Membership in the EANA— $5.00 per year Student Membership & Armed Forces— $3.00 per year AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Vol. 67 MAY-JUNE 1953 Nos. 5-6 ESPERANTO IS BACK IN THE NEWS Edmond Privat, Ph. D. Professor of English Language and Literature at the University of Neuchatel, Switzerland I HE decision of the last General Conference of UNESCO (the United ,~S Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) to ques- tion the governments of the Member States about the results which Es- peranto has obtained in their respective countries has stimulated in- creased interest in the language initiated by Dr. L. L. Zamenhof sixty- five years ago. It is quite natural that in general the press does not talk as much about Esperanto as it once did. The interlanguage has ceased to be "new". Newspapers no longer consider it newsworthy when some world congress or international conference conducts its meetings in Esperanto or when some school in Brazil or Japan introduces it into its curriculum. It happens too often to stir up a sensation. After being regarded for a long time as a Utopian enterprise, the language has developed, and its use has spread quietly but steadily. Those of us who. learned Esperanto before World War I are now able to point out that Esperanto, starting out with a very small basic vocabu- lary and a simple grammar of sixteen rules without exceptions, has grown and has undergone a remarkable evolution. It is richer and is spoken with much more precision and elegance than thirty or forty years ago. Delegates to conferences where it is used by students, workers,teachers, and specialists in various fields appreciate the high degree of uniform- ity which has been achieved and the ease of discussion which it affords, unhampered by the endless translations which characterize multilingual conferences. What tremendous progress could be accomplished if every- one would learn Esperanto in school and if language barriers would dis- appear, making worldwide man-to-man contacts possible not only for scholars and scientists, but also for the common man. More time could then be spared for a more profound analysis of every- one's mother tongue as well as for the study of some modern language or some classical tongue and its literature. Culture would gain from this, while today much time and effort is wasted on language learning by in- adequate methods and while at international conferences English, French, and Spanish are massacred by speakers who painfully read from prepared manuscripts, suffering from the inferiority complex which almost every- one has when he speaks in a language not his own. Perhaps Esperanto is spoken so fluently and elegantly at interna- tional conferences because it liberates its users from this inferiority complex. It enables delegates from countries other than the United States, Britain, and France to play the role to which they are entitled. Scandi- 33 navians, Brazilians, and Japanese express themselves on a basis of equality with English and French speaking representatives. Another quality which has contributed to the success of Esperanto is the facility of forming words freely by the use of prefixes and suf- fixes. With a few roots, which have a high degree of internationality in the West, every speaker can form his own derivatives. This makes the language particularly attractive to orientals since they have to learn only a limited number of basic words. A language cannot be manufactured, it must grow through steady use. Dr. Zamenhof demonstrated his genius by limiting his role to that of an initiator, not a creator, of the interlanguage. He chose the basic ele- ments and let life do the rest. The Esperanto Academy ratifies from time to time the use of new words, especially technical terms, which have been introduced in reputable publications. It watches over the unity of the language. Persons who have never heard a speech or debate in Esperanto im- agine sometimes that the language sounds like a somewhat barbarous mixture of diverse language elements. The truth is that Esperanto is so- norous like Spanish and flows evenly like Rumanian. Let us not forget that English, too, is a mixture, of Anglo-Saxon and French elements which were merged in the fourteenth century. Pakistan's national lan- guage, Urdu, is a mixture of Hindi and Persian. It has its writers and poets, and no one would claim that it is barbarous. Forceful speakers, and writers of good taste, express themselves in Esperanto with as much elegance as in their native tongues. It is a great pleasure to read articles and books written directly in Esperanto by Chinese, Japanese, or Dutch authors. How many persons, on the other hand, even among the most learned university graduates, would dare to publish something in a national language not their own? When I was a student, people used to tell me that it would never be possible for a Frenchman to understand a Slav, or for an Englishman to understand an Italian, in Esperanto. Experience has proved this assump- tion completely false. The more Esperanto was used, the more uniform became its style and pronunciation. My own experience makes me very sceptical about the predictions of scholars when they presume to judge matters which they do not know from direct observation. The UNESCO resolution has the merit that it recommends an objec- tive study of the facts. If the governments could agree on a plan for the gradual introduction of Esperanto in the schools, the Esperanto move- ment would advance by leaps and bounds. If they cannot reach such an agreement, the language will undoubtedly continue to spread, though probably at a slower pace, and will consistently benefit from the experi- ence gained in sixty-five years of steady growth. UNESCO is particularly interested in the fact that Esperanto helps those who learn it to develop in themselves a clearer consciousness of world citizenship and that it opens the door to a deeper understanding of world affairs and a better appreciation of other civilizations. My own experience has taught me this, and there are thousands of others who can say the same. 34 ESPERANTO IN ACTION The Netherlands Prime Minister, Dr. Willem Drees, recently declared in an article written for the Dutch daily press: "Every nation's language is so deeply rooted that it is impossible to think of a world language as a substitute for the national tongues. It would be of great interest, how- ever, to teach and use on the widest possible scale a world interlan- guage such as Esperanto as a second language for everyone. Because of its easiness, its logical structure and the fortunate choice of its vo- cabulary, Esperanto is entirely capable of playing such p role." "Fifty Years of Esperanto" is the subject of an exposition to be held in May in the Palace of Arts, Glasgow, in connection with the Annual Congress of the Scottish Esperanto Federation. The Esperanto Clubs of Glasgow and Edinburgh celebrate their fiftieth anniversary this year. A technical radio magazine in Spain, Radiovision (Madrid), publishes Esperanto summaries of its articles. In Brazil, the Esperanto movement has increased its strength in re- cent years to such an extent that business firms everywhere are paying attention to it. At Lavras, in the State of Minas Gerais, a department store calls itself Magazeno Esperanto. Its advertising program includes prize contests about questions related to the interlanguage. At Itajuba, in the same State, a famous sausage factory uses "Esperanto" as the brand name for one of its products. At Petropolis, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, a movie house is named Cine Esperanto. Its discount books for students contain information about Esperanto on the cover. The Institute of Hygiene, of Genoa, Italy, publishes Esperanto sum- maries in its journal,Igiene Moderna ("Modern Hygiene"). Other medical periodicals following this practice are the Acta Orthopaedica Belgica (Belgium) and the Journal de Medecine de Lyon (France). The quarterly Medicina Revuo, in Japan, uses Esperanto exclusively. International Esperanto Congresses will be held during the forth- coming months in many countries. Since the Universal Esperanto Con- gress is scheduled to gather at Zagreb, in Tito's Yugoslavia, the relig- ious Esperanto organizations, which usually choose the same or a neigh- boring country for their conferences, have this time selected more hos- pitable regions for their meetings. The Christian Esperanto League (KELl) goes to Rudlingen, Switzerland, while the Catholics (IKUE) hold an Esperanto Congress at the famous shrine of Lourdes, in Southern France. Esperanto-speaking railroad men meet at Utrecht, in the Nether- lands. There will be a Workers' Esperanto Congress at Sheffield, Eng- land. The Esperanto Youth Organization (TEJO) plans its annual event at Worgl, in the heart of the Austrian alps. 35 ESPERANTO EVERYWHERE The London Esperanto Club celebrated its 50-year jubilee at Easter. It was founded in January 1903 at the editorial offices of the Review of Reviews, whose Editor, W. T. Stead, became its first Treasurer. For over a year the club served as Esperanto headquarters for the entire English- speaking world. The British Esperanto Association was founded in Oc- tober 1904. At about the same time, the first Esperanto Clubs in the United States were started at Boston, Philadelphia, and New York. The Esperanto Association of North America was founded in 1905. In Italy a religious periodical published by the Franciscan Order, La Voce di San AntonioCThe Voice of St. Anthony")has an Esperanto page. An international archeological work camp for university students and graduates, with Esperanto as the means of daily communication, will be held this summer for the fourth time in Denmark. The participants will dig out an ancient Viking fortress near Hobro. The work camp, scheduled for the period from July 13 to August 4, will be subsidized by the Dan- ish government. In Athens, Greece, 71 students enrolled in an Esperanto class at the College of Economic and Social Sciences. The American Journal of Physics in its February 1953 issue contains a long letter (about 1500 words) by Professor F. J. Belinfante, of Purdue University, about "An International Language for Science?". The writer makes a strong case for Esperanto and mentions his own successful use of the interlanguage for the publication of scholarly articles in Progress of Theoretical Physics (Japan) and Scienca Revuo (Netherlands) as well as in summaries added to his English articles in Physica, The experimental gardening station of Alnarp, Sweden, which special- izes in breeding fruit trees, berries, and vegetables, has decided to add Esperanto summaries to the English summaries of its reports. The first of these reports is at the printer's, the second is in preparation. Boohs and' pamphlets in and about Esperanto published during 1952 numbered 83, according to a breakdown, probably incomplete, published in Esperanto, the monthly magazine of the Universal Esperanto Associ- ation (UEA). These included 11 textbooks, 5 dictionaries, 2 readers, 7 works of fiction, 6 of poetry, 1 play, 1 biography, 5 publications from the field of science, 3 on sociology and political science, 2 on religion and philosophy, 1 on linguistics, 5 on music, 21 on travel; 5 dealt with Es- peranto or the Esperanto movement in the interlanguage, 7 in national languages. One book was listed in the "miscellaneous" category. In Spain radio stations in four cities (Madrid, Valencia, Tarragona, Manresa) now feature weekly Esperanto programs. A magazine for the physically handicapped in Austria, Die Quelle ("The Fountain"), adds Esperanto translations to its biographical arti- cles which show how handicapped persons have solved their problems and become outstanding doctors, artists, engineers, etc. 36 Italy s Under Secretary of Commerce, Antonio Carcaterra, was among those who visited the Esperanto exhibition at the Commercial Fair of Vicenza. He expressed great interest in the exhibits and posed for pho- tographers while signing the guest book. In the Netherlands Chamber of Representatives a bill authorizing the teaching of Esperanto in the public elementary schools was defeated by a vote of 44 to 37. This came as a disappointment to the Dutch Esper- anto movement and led to criticism that the bill was allowed to come to a vote without sufficient preparation. It is pointed out that, if only four Representatives could be persuaded to change their vote, a favorable result could be obtained. Love and marriage via Esperanto are too frequent to be news, but there is one recent example which deserves mentioning. A famous Ger- man opera singer, Carl August Kohler, of Munich, and an Italian high school teacher, Dr. Adelaide Antonelli, of Rome, were married in the bride's fair city January 26, 1953. They do not understand each other's mother tongues, but use Esperanto exclusively. They met at the world Esperanto Congress in Munich, two years ago. A Hungarian priest, Fa- ther Miklos Bogliari, officiated at the wedding. He delivered his address from the altar in Esperanto. Herr Kohler often sings in Esperanto. He was the first to do so over the Vatican radio. Philatelic magazines publishing a monthly Esperanto page include Frimdrksbladet (Sweden) and the Bulletin Philatelique du Nidi (France). Alhambra (Spain) and Frimdrksbladet (mentioned above) print serialized Esperanto lessons. The National Council of Labor Colleges in Great Britain conducts Esperanto courses by correspondence. A postage stamp in honor of Esperanto will be issued by the Yugo- slav postal authorities on the occasion of the 38th Universal Esperanto Congress, to be held at Zagreb in the last week of July. It will be the nineteenth postage stamp in honor of Esperanto, or with text in Esper- anto, in the history of philately, the fifth to be issued since World War II. Of the other four, two were issued by the government of Brazil, one each by Austria and Bulgaria. The Royal Society of Arts in Great Britain organizes examinations in Esperanto as well as in other languages. In 1952 the Esperanto exams enrolled 97 candidates, placing Esperanto fourth among the languages used. NEW DECAL AVAILABLE FROM EANA: A new idea for your promotion work! The decal (2 7r>x3V4 in.) pictured to the left is printed in 3 colors: black ink on bright yellow background, the star in emerald green. It may be attached to any surface. Use it for your automobile, on store win- dows, etc. 154 each, 3 for 404, postpaid. 37 THE EASY WORLD LANGUAGE DR. S. ZAMENHOF, NEPHEW OF DR. L L ZAMENHOF GUEST OF HONOR AT EANA CONGRESS IN NEW YORK Number of Participants Tw/ce That of Previous Bast Since War ^#OUR EANA Congress, June 26th to 29th in New York, is shaping up / to a truly memorable occasion. As plans develop, new high lights are being added. We are particularly happy to announce that Dr. Stephen Zamenhof, nephew of the author of Esperanto, will participate as our guest of honor. He will address the Congress in Esperanto, and tell us personal anecdotes and memoirs of the family Zamenhof. We will also have foreign guests from France, and Sweden as well, (in addition to re- fugee arrivals from iron curtain countries mentioned earlier). Mrs, Andre D'Avi, accomplished Esperantist from Angers, France. Miss Edla Isaks- son, teacher from KoskuUskulle, Sweden. The 43rd begins to take on the characteristics of an international Esperanto gathering. Come and meet these distinguished guests and fellow-Esperantists at your Congress. The growing number of members who will attend the 43rd have signed up from five more states since our recent "flash report". Here is the com- plete list to date: California, Florida, Illinois, Kentucky, Long Island (N.Y.), New York City, New York State, Ohio, Ontario (Canada), Penn- sylvania, Quebec (Canada), and Washington,D.C. Others write that they plan to sign up soon. Come and represent your state and city at this joy- ous Congress of Esperanto. One of the outstanding events, as you know, will be the intimate visit to the UN and UNESCO as guests of the United Nations with Dr. Solz- backer. Then, too, there are the big evenings in Esperanto: the Esperanto Festival in the Auditorium, and the Gay Banquet at the Restaurant "Guf- janti". (See enclosed Congress Program for complete sketch qf events.) As yet unannounced is the addition of a professional actor, Mr. Nicholas Torzs of Hungary, who will sing light opera and concert songs in Esper- anto. All in all, a grand convention of fellow-Esperantists which you can- not afford to miss. Some general items of information: Special Postoffice Arrangement for Congress members to use UN postage stamps on letters and cards. Dormitory for Students or others who wish good dormitory arrangements at $2.00 per day at Hotel Chelsea. Information and Service Room where all kinds of helpful information and service will be available. Several exhi- bitions will be on display. As the time of the big event draws near, we suggest that you make your plans immediately (if you have not already done so), and send in your reservations. Send $3-00 for your Congress Ticket. EARLY HISTORY OF ESPERANTO IN CANADA An extract from the Memorandum submitted by EANA to the Canadian Department o/ External Ajjairs in connection with the UNESCO inquiry. /HE pioneers of Esperanto in Canada were a group of French-speak- _^/ ing and English-speaking Canadians in the Province of Quebec, in- cluding the Reverend Francois-Xavier Solis, Professor at the Seminary of St. Hyacinthe, and Messrs. A. P. Beauchemin, Charles E. A. Holmes, A. Saint-Martin, and A. Rembert. As early as 1895 Father Solis conduct- ed an extensive Esperanto correspondence with prominent churchmen in other countries. In the spring of 1900 Father Solis published an article about Esper- anto in "La Presse", Montreal. It aroused a great deal of interest and led to the establishment of a monthly journal, L'Esperantiste Canadien, with headquarters at Montreal, in August 1901. It contained articles in Esperanto, French, and English. The first editor was Charles E.Holmes; he was succeeded by A.P.Beauchemin. In 1902 the name was changed to La Lumo ("The Light"). It disappeared in 1904, when Esperanto jour- nals published in Europe took its place. L' Esperantiste Canadien and La Lumo were the first Esperanto periodicals published in the Western Hemisphere. Experiments in using Esperanto as a "bridge language" in difficult linguistic situations were carried out in Canada at an early moment. The Reverend J.M.Decoene, C.SS.R., a Catholic priest working at Brandon, Manitoba, among immigrants with 17 different mother tongues, taught many of his parishioners Esperanto and used the language in sermons, classes, and the administration of sacraments. Father Jubinville used Esperanto in mission work among Indians. In 1907 an effort was made to use Esperanto among the Eskimos, and a journal Eskimo Esperantisto, started publication. Only Number One of this periodical is mentioned in Dr. J. Takacs's Katalogo de la Esperanto-Gazetaro, and no details are known about this experiment, which apparently was premature. The first Esperanto Club in Canada was La Progreso in Montreal, founded in 1902. In 1903 it published an Esperanto textbook in English (Grammar of the Esperanto Language, 11 pages) and an Esperanto-French dictionary(Dictionnaire Esperanto-Franc ais,l\ pages). Outside the Prov- ince of Quebec the first Esperanto Club was founded at Winnipeg, Man- itoba, in 1905. At the first Universal Esperanto Congress, held at Boulogne-sur-Mer, France, in 1905, A.P.Beauchemin and A.Saint-Martin, of Montreal, were elected to the first Lingvo Komitato (Language Committee) of Esperanto. In the early years a number of Canadian Esperantists joined the Soc- iete pour la Propagation de I'Esperanto, in Paris, later the British Es- peranto Association (founded in 1904), in London. In 1907 a Canadian Esperanto Association was started, but when, in the following year, the American Esperanto Association (founded at Boston in March 1905) changed its name to Esperanto Association of North America, most Ca- nadian members of the Esperanto movement closed ranks with their neighbors to the south and became the Canadian Division of the Esper- anto Association of. North America, 39 The Esperanto Association of North America BRIEF RESUME OF THE YEARS ACTIVITIES YI/hlAY 31 marks the end of the fiscal year for the Esperanto Associa- I f I tion of North America. All members will receive a full report for the year 1952-1953 shortly after the close of the Annual Congress. This is only a brief resume of some of the major activities during the year as re- corded at the Central Office. New Esperanto courses were started in 23 places, including 17 courses or clubs in schools and colleges. Of special note was the work of the Newark area Esperantists. They were successful in introducing Esper- anto courses into the study plans of 5 different Adult Education Schools. The "Hadley Correspondence School for the Blind" has just announced a correspondence course in Esperanto with textbook and instruction in braille. Various almanacs and encyclopedias again contained up-to-date arti- cles on Esperanto and EANA, written by Dr. Wm. Solzbacher. Two television programs featured interviews about Esperanto. One on the West Coast with Joseph Scherer, and one in the East with Doris T. Connor. The General Secretary of EANA, G. Alan Connor, recorded the Esper- anto commentary for a new sound film in color, "Australia Today" ("Aŭ- stralio Hodiaŭ"), put out by the official Australian Information Bureau in New York. Representations were made and responses received from the UNESCO Commissions of the United States and Canada in connection with the re- cent resolution of UNESCO in Paris. Full documented reports on "Esper- anto in Canada" and "Esperanto in the United States" were sent to the Department of External Affairs of the Canadian government, and to the State Department of the United States. The Secretary-General of UN, Trygve Lie, graciously granted an in- terview to Dr. p. W. Breth, official representative of EANA at the Uni- versal Congress in Oslo. Mr. Lie said he considered Esperanto "an idea capable of bringing nations closer together and therefore had his full sympathy", that he "personally favors it not only as Secretary-General of UN, but also as a Norwegian." The tactical unit of the U.S. Army, known as "Aggressor Force", con- tinued to use Esperanto in its work and for maneuvers. A number of new memberships were received from army personnel as a result of their con- tact with "Aggressor Force" manual and activities. A department of the U.S. Air Corps has printed information on Esper- anto and EANA in its guidebook of national organizations, which offer special services to members of the air corps. In June of last year EANA brought out a new Esperanto Phonograph Record, which gives the pronunciation of the Esperanto alphabet and al- so provides model sentences for the practice and speaking of Esperanto. The disk was made of unbreakable "Vinylite", 78 RPM. Reports from the members indicate that they are delighted with the offer of the new disk 40 as a special premium with their membership in EANA. To date the Cen- tral Office has sent out over 450 records to all parts of the United States and Canada -- also several to South America, Europe, Australia, Hong Kong, and Formosa (Free China). In the Chinese issue of "America Today", official magazine of the U.S. Information Service (USIS), published in Hong Kong, William Vathis inserted an article in Chinese. As a result the Central Office received over 40 requests for information. Each one was sent a small textbook, a copy of AE and other informative material. Throughout the year the Central Office has sent out 4721 letters, in- cluding 538 packets of information as a result of personal inquiries re- ceived. In addition 3250 letters about Esperanto were sent out in general campaigns, not to mention the regular expediting of AE, books, bulletins and reports to the membership. 141 new members joined EANA during the fiscal year. The total membership as of the middle of May shows that EANA is making progress despite many difficulties. The financial report of the Association is expected to show that in- come received was approximately the same as last year. There was a slight increase in all expenditures. The large operating loss was met by a special contribution to the Sustaining Fund of $1500, plus use of the previous grant-in-aid received by the Association several years ago. Three persons worked full time in the Central Office and received salaries from EANA. In addition, Dr. Solzbacher contributed generously of his time in writing for the AE, and several members contributed vol- unteer help from time to time, especially Lola Mae Muse, who contributed several hours weekly to the office work. "Amerika Esperantisto" en Bibliotekoj: Sinceran dankon al la sekv- antaj membroj, kiuj respondis al nia alvoko en la pasinta numero de AE kaj donacis abonojn por bibliotekoj: Andrew I. Rogus (12), Esperanto- Klubo de Los Angeles (10), Preston Davis, Jr. (3), W.P. Vathis (1). Por similaj celoj, S-ino Chas. Kaujjman donacis 10 abonojn por oficejoj de kuracistoj, kiujn Si konas. Imitindaj ekzemploj ! Sukceso/n en la kampanjo "Ciu Membro Varbu Unu Novan Membron", ni kun danko raportas por la jenaj: George W. Bailey, Jr. (I), Serĝento J. C. Faughnan (2), Donald Walton (1). Kontribuoj al la Subtana Kaso: Elkoran dankon al la sekvantaj mem- broj pro iliaj bonkoraj donacoj depost Marto: David L. Therrien ($4.90), C. D. Prewitt ($1.30), Martin Chrenka ($2). Do artikolojn pri Kanado, ni kun plezuro presas en ci tiu numero de AE. Unu en la angla lingvo donas detalojn pri la frua historio de Esper- anto en Kanado. La dua artikolo en Esperanto, kun interesplenaj bildoj, priskribas la vivkondicojn de indianaj triboj de Nord-Ameriko. Ni es- peras, ke niaj kanadaj membroj Satos Ci tiujn artikolojn, kaj provizos la redaktejon per multaj aliaj interesaj temoj por estonta uzo. HAVE YOU CAST YOUR BALLOT IN THE EANA ELECTION? DO NOT FORGET TO SEND IN YOUR BALLOT. VOTE FOR OR AGAINST THE SLATE - VOTE ANY WAY YOU PLEASE - BUT VOTE! 41 PRI LA INDIANOJ DE NORDA ONTARIO Paslro Kanoniko Jos. Blackburn, kiu dum 40 jaroj laboris kiel misiisto inter la indianoj "Cree" (kri) kaj "Ojibway* (ogib'uej) en Norda Ontario, Kanado, sendis al ni ekzempleron de la gazeto "The Beaver* ("La Kastoro"), eldonita de la Kompanio "Hudson's Bay". El ĝi ni ĉerpis la sekvantajn prisktibojn kaj bildojn pti la antaua kaj nuna vivo de la indianoj de Norda Ontario. La indianoj nomataj "Swampy Cree"(marĉa 'Cree') havis en antaŭaj tempoj eble la plej malfacilan vivon el ĉiuj triboj en Nord-Ame- i riko. Gia teritorio estis lando de arbaro, rokoj,kaj marĉoj, kaj ne povis nutri grandan loĝantaron — nek homojn nek bestojn. La indianoj devis gajni sian vivrimedon |\per fiŝkaptado kaj Ĉasado. Hi loĝis en tendoj konusformaj aŭ rondaj, kovritaj per la Ŝelo de betularbo. Pli norde oni uzis la felon de la norda cervo "Caribou" (kar'ibu) por kovri la stangojn de la tendo. La indianoj kutime kunportis i siajn tendojn kiam ili migris de loko al loko — vintre per toboganoj kaj neĝ- ŝuoj, somere en kanotoj de betulŝelo. La ŝelo de la arbo estis ankaŭ utiligata por fari diversspecajn ujojn, utiligeblajn kiel kuirpotojn. Ekzemple, por boligi akvon en tia ujo, oni enmetis varmegajn ŝtonojn, car kompreneble la betulŝelo ne povis kontraŭstari fajron. Por armiloj la indianoj uzis pafarkon kaj sagojn kun ŝtonpintoj, sed ŝajne plej utilaj estis lerte far- itaj kaptiloj por kapti bestojn. El la felo de la norda cervo aŭ norda alko oni faris vestojn kaj kovrilojn. Ili lerte kunkudris peltojn de kunikloj por fari man- telojn kaj kapuĉojn. La indianoj "Ojibway" tre similis en vivmaniero al la Cree". Nuntempe, kompreneble, la maniero de la vivopreskaB tute Ŝanĝiĝis. La tipaj peltŝuoj (mo- kasenoj) nun ne multe montriĝas, escepte nur kiam oni iras per neĝŜuoj.Ciu viro nun preferas porti pan- talonon el blua serĝo. Hodiaŭ la indiano manĝas la panon de la blankulo, kon- i c ■ servitan viandon, legomon wL ^Ls ) kaj frukton, kolbaso'h kaj 4tC^/?j|l_^^L makaronion — ĉiuj tre mal- similaj al la sekigita viando de antaŭaj tempoj. Ne plu oni vidas kanoton el betul- fielo. Hodiaŭ oni utiligas 42 kanoton kovritan per kanvaso, kaj plej ofte movigatan per mo- toro. Ne plu indiano vojaĝas per neĝŜuoj grandan distancon norden por ĉasi kaj havigi fel- ojn. Anstataŭ tio, oni nun voja- ĝas per aeroplane Estas nenia dubo, ke la in- diano rapide alprenas la modon kaj vivmanieron de la blankulo. Ni satus diri, ke li estas pro tio pli feliĉa. Sed ĉu vere ? . . . Sendube multaj el la maljunuloj rememoras kun sopiro kaj nostalgio la "malnovajn bonajn tagojn", jam delonge for, neniam resperteblajn. ALDONAJ KOMENTOJ DE DORIS TAPPAN CONNOR Eble interesos niajn legantojn mallonga raporto pri la sperto de misi- isto rilate al la lingvo-problemo inter la indianoj "Cree". Kompreneble, la indianoj havis nenian alfabete skribitan lingvon. Kiam la misiisto volis fari alfabeton por reprezenti skribe la sonojn de la lingvo, por ke li povu instrui al la indianoj la legadon — kaj pli grave la religiajn himnojn — li kreis alfabeton. Unu someron, kiam mi estis en Nord-Dakoto, mi faris viziton al maljuna indiano, kiu longe laboris kiel instruisto inter sia popolo. Mi rimarkis en lia hejmo himnolibron en la lingvo "Cree". Tre surprizis min, ke inter la literoj de la farita alfabeto troviĝas supersignita litero S. Kiam la sinjoro prononcis tiun literon, ĝi sonis precize kiel nia Esperanta S. Mi demandis la sinjoron: "Kial la misiisto uzis tiun su- persignitan literon — S ?" Li respondis: "Nu, tiu litero reprezentas la sonon Ŝ, kiu estas multe uzata en la lingvo "Cree". Kiam la misiisto unue volis uzi la digrafon SH por reprezenti tiun sonon, li trovis, ke la simpla indiana popolo insistis elparoli ĝin kiel du sonojn: 5 kaj H. Fine, kiam li metis simplan supersignon super la S-jene S- kaj diris, ke tiu litero reprezen- tas la sonon S, la indianoj tre facile lernis perfekte legi." Al mi tiu sperto estas interesa kaj konvinka pruvo pri la utilo kaj taŭgeco de uia fonetika Esperanto-alfa- beto kun supersignoj — unu litero por unu sono. | 3f jgg^vse- n DE LA STELOJ GIS LA INFERO Babilado pri Vorforig/no/ en Esperanto I ĉiuj ofte uzas la vortojn konsideri kaj deziri, ĉu ne? Sed kiom el ni komprenas ilian originon? Ni ja scias, ke ili havas la samansig- nifon kiel similaj vortoj en angla kaj franca lingvoj. Eble ni ankaii sci- as, ke ili devenas de la latinaj vortoj considerare kaj desiderare (en la itala lingvo ili ankoraŭ havas tiujn formojn). Sed ĉu vi rekonas en tiuj vortoj la latinan radikon sider — (sidus, sideris), t. e. stelo? Konsideri estas "rigardi la stelojn por trovi solvon de iu problemo", deziri estas "peti ion de la steloj". Jen klarigo, kiu povas inspiri poeton — kaj kul- turhistoriiston, car la du vortoj rememorigas nin pri epoko, kiam la ste- loj ludis gravan rolon en la homa vivo. La vortoj stelo kaj astro havas la saman originon. La latina stella unue estis ster-la, en kiu vi facile rekonas la anglan star. Astronomio kaj astrologio estas grekdevenaj vortoj. Astero estas stelforma floro, asterio stelforma marbesteto, konstelacio grupo da steloj — aŭ nomo de moderna aeroplane Inter la steloj la homojn ĉiam plej multe interesis la suno, la luno kaj la planedoj. En greka lingvo la suno estas helios. Tio klarigas la vortojn helianto ("sunfloro"), heliumo ("sungaso"), heliostato (optika in- strumento por ekzameni sunradiojn). Oriento kaj okcidento estas latindevenaj vortoj indikantaj la region- ojn de la suno "leviĝanta" (oriens) kaj "malleviĝanta* (occidens). Sudo estas malnovgermana vorto samdevena kun suno. Sudo do estas "la suna flanko". Kelkaj etimologiistoj eĉ spekulis, ke la malnovgermana sunth (de kiu devenas la novgermana SUd, la angla south kaj la franca sud) estas parenca al la sanskrita danta, kiu naskis la latinan dens kaj la Esperanto-vorton dento. Eble suno, sudo kaj dento ĉiuj tri devenas de hindoeŭropa radiko ed, kiu signifas "manĝi" aŭ "mordi". Kaj de kie venas la vorto nordo? Gi estas malnovgermana, sed ĝia antaŭhistorio estas tute mistera. Estas bone konate tamen, ke la norve- goj estas la enloĝantoj de la "norda vojo* kaj la normandoj la "nordaj viroj". La luno donis nomon al la tago lundo. Gi estas tago de la luno aŭde la diino Luna. La kvar sekvantaj tagoj de la semajno ankau portas la nomojn de latinaj gedioj (kaj samnomaj planedoj): mardo estas la tago de Mars, merkredo de Mercurius, ĵaŭdo (dies Jovis) de Jupiter, vendredo de Venus. D-ro Zamenhof elektis la nomojn laŭ ilia franca formo. Sabato venas de la hebrea ŝabat, t. e. "ripozo". Dimanĉo (dies Dominica) estas "la tago de la Sinjoro", Planedoj ricevis sian nomon de la grekoj, kiuj nomis ilin planetes asteres, t.e. "migrantaj steloj". La vorto luno estas parenca al lumo. Aliflanke la vorto monato venas de la germana vorto por luno (Monat, Mond, manod), kiu estas parenca al la latina mensis, kaj ambaŭ venas de hindeŭropa radiko me, kiu signifas "mezuri". La luno "mezuras" la tempon, kaj periodo tiel mezurata estas monato. Grava stelo estas la polusa stelo. Gia nomo venas de la greka vorto polos, kiu signifas "ĉirkaŭturno" aŭ "akso". De la norda poluso al la 44 suda poluso iras akso, ĉirkaŭ kiu turniĝas la ĉielo (laŭ la antikva pens- maniero) aŭ la tero (laŭ la nuna scienco). Cielo venas de la franca ciel kaj de la latina caelum, kaj Ci tiu lasta estas derivita de la verbo caelare, kiu signifas "ĉizi" aŭ "skulpti". La ĉielo originale estis volbajo "ĉizita" aŭ "skulptita" el la universe. Sur la volbafo de la ĉielo dekdu gravaj stelaroj (afi konstelacioj) for- mas la zodiakon, t. e. la "rondon de la bestoj". Tiun nomon enkondukis Aristotelo, car en tiu tempo la rondo konsistis el nur ses stelaroj, kaj ĉiu el ili havis nomon de besto. Nun kel- kaj havas aliajn nomojn. Sajnas, ke en la antikva Babilonio laAkadoj ko- mencis nomi stelarojn laŭ bestoj. La Akadoj nomis la zodiakon "la sulko de la ĉielo* kaj diris^ ke tiu "sulko* estas "plugita de la Ciela Virbovo". La Virbovo do estis la unua el la dek du zodiakaj konstelacioj, kiu ricevis nomon ankoraŭ nun uzatan. La ĉielo estas "super" la tero. Kio do estas "sub" la tero? Laŭ la konvinko de la antikvuloj kaj de la mezepoko, la infero. La latina vorto inferus signifas "tio, kio estas sube". En la infero loĝas la diabloj. La vorto estas greka (diabolos) kaj signifas "la kontraŭtetanto" aŭ "la men- sogulo". Lia nomo ankaŭ estas satano. Ci tiu hebrea vorto signifas "la kontraŭulo". Eble Ĉi tie oni povas atentigi pri kuriozajo en la Esperanto-movado. Kiam la franca revoluciulo Eugene Adam volis fondi klasbatalan Esper- anto-asocion, li nomis sin mem Lanti ("L'anti"), t. e. "la kontraŭulo" kaj la anojn de sia asocio "satanoj", t. e. ankaŭ "la kontraŭuloj". El la vorto satano li elŝeligis la vorton SAT kaj eltrovis por ĝi la titolon Sen- nacieca Asocio Tutmonda. Ci tiu titolo estas tiel stranga kaj Ĉiurilate neoportuna, ke oni tute ne povas kompreni la elekton de tia nomo sen atento pri la stranga amo de "Lanti" al la vorto "satano". Sed ni reiru al la infero. Gi havas ankaŭ hebrean nomon, Gehena, kiu naskis la modernan Esperanto-vorton ĝeno. Se tio vin interesas, vi po- vas relegi detalojn pri la etimologia evoluo de tiu vorto en la artikolo "Ceno kaj Silko" en Amerika Esperantisto de Majo-Junio 1949- Fine ni resupreniru al la stelof. Inter la steloj troviĝas la kvinpinta stelo de Esperanto. Neniu inter niaj legantoj bezonas klarigon pri la deveno de la vorto Esperanto. D-ro Zamenhof ja nomis sin "esperanto", "homo, kiu esperas". Esperi venas de la samsenca latina vorto sperare (la substantivo estas spes, "la espero"). Sed de kie venas tiu latina vorto? Eble ĝi estas parenca al la greka speirein, kiu signifas "semi", eble al la latina spirare, t.e. "spiri",de kiu devenas la Esperanto-vortoj spiri, inspiri, kaj spirito. Ekzistas latina proverbo Dum spiro, spero, "Tiel longe, kiel mi spiras, mi esperas". Jen bona devizo, ec se la eti- mologia rilato estas duba. — W. S. 45 ESPERANTO - KRONIKO Gwstov kaj Miriam Carlson, Vancouver, Kanado, konstante helpas la propagandon de Esperanto jaron post jaro. Hi instruas kurson, disdonas propagandilon "PGL", skribas leterojn al la redaktoroj, kaj ofte havas okazongastigi fremdajn Esperantistojn. SenŜanceliĝe ili dafirigas laofer- laboron por Esperanto, kaj subtenas la oficialan movadon. Tioestas lafld- inda aktiveco fare de samideano, sed en la kazo de Gesinjoroj Carlson, tio estas duoble lafldinda pro do, ke ili ambaŭ, kiel ĝoja paro kunlaboras por la Esperanto-ideo. Ni admire salutas! Univorsala" an Bovlogno-sur-Mer, 1955 ? La urbestro de du franca urbo, kongres-loko de la unua Universala Kongreso de Esperanto 1905, sendis al ni leteronen kampanjo por nomi laurbon kiel kongres-lokon por celebri la Jubileon de la Unua Kongreso, t. e. en 1955. La propono sen- dube elvokos fervoran simpation inter Esperantistoj tra la mondo. John F. Schilke, juna studento en "Union School", Unionville,Conn., faris bonegan progreson en la lernado de Esperanto dum la pasintaj mo- natoj, kaj nun jam organizis kaj instruas kurson de kunstudantoj en sia lernejo. Li mirinde sukcesis varbi 35 studentojn por la kurso. Kaj li ap- likas diversajn helpilojn en la instruado, ekzemple la libron "Esperanto The World Interlanguage", gramofonon, kaj maSinon por kapti kaj dis- aŭdigi la voCon. La du plej gravaj tagiurnaloj de lia regiono presis in- formojn pri la nova kurso, nome "The Hartford Courant" kaj "The Hart- ford Times". Lafldinda ekzemplo por Esperanto-junuloj en aliaj lernejoj. El wood R. Ettar, R. R. 1, Bradford, Ohio, jam oferis sian tempon kaj presilon por helpi la 43-an EANA-Kongreson en 1953, same kiel li dona- cis dum kelkaj pasintaj jaroj. Al S-ro Etter ni ŝuldas la dankojn pro la bonegaj Kongreso-Kartoj kaj Kongreso-Kovertoj, kaj okaze ankafl glumar- koj por la EANA-Kongresoj. Li estas fervora kolektanto de kovertoj por la unua tago de noveldonitaj poŝtmarkoj, kaj li interSanĝas ilin kun mul- taj landoj. Li mem presas la devizojn sur kovertojn -- kaj en Esperanto. Li elstaras kiel propagandisto por Esperanto tiurilate. Li jam presis pli ol 20 kovertojn (cachets) dum 1952 kaj 1953. Jen la bela listo de poSt- markoj por kiuj li presis Esperanto-devizojn: 200-a Datreveno de "Betsy Ross"; 50-a Datreveno de Kluboj "4-H"; 125-a Datreveno de Fervojo Bal- timorokaj Ohio; 50-a Datreveno de Amerika Afltomobila Asocio; 80-cenda Aer-PoStmarko; Honoro al "NATO"; Digo "Grand Coulee"; 175-a Datre- veno de "Lafayette"; Monumento "Mount Rushmore"; 100-a Datreveno de Civilaj Inĝenieroj; Vixinoj en la Militistaro; Jurnal-liverantaj Knaboj de Ameriko; 500-a Datreveno de Gutenberga Biblio; Internacia Ruĝa Kruco; Ĉarto de U. N.; Homaj Rajtoj (2); Nacia Gvardio; Ŝtatiĝo de Ohio; Teri- torio de VaSingtono. Ni gratulas kaj dankas. D. A. Johnson on Alasko, konstante faras propagandon dum li servas en la armeo en tiu norda teritorio. Kondicoj ne estas favoraj, sed li faras lafieble. La movado Suldas multon al 'esploristoj' por nia afero en tre foraj lokoj. Ofte rezultoj ne tuj vidiĝas, sed sindonemaj penoj kiel tiuj fare de Samideano Johnson plantas la semojn por posta rikolto. Jam iom da progreso montriĝas pro lia Esperanto-laboro. 46 ESPERANTO - KRONIKO En la ŝtatoj Maine kaj Connecticut, S-roj Tom Robbins kaj Richard Johnson aktive laboras por informi la publikon pri Esperanto. S-ro John- son, antaŭa lernanto de S-ro Robbins, organizas Esperanto-studrondon. Ateston pri Kapableco, oficiala diplomo de EANA, ricevis lastatempe S-ro Henri Soudee, Washington, D. C. En Toronto, S-ro J, W, M. Jenkins gvidas novan kurseton de Esperanto por komencantoj. Sub aŭspicio de la Toronto-Klubo, la kurso okazasdum la Ĉiumonata kunveno de la grupo. S-ro J. H. Schackmann, el Cincinnati, Ohio, faris en Marto viziton al la Centra Oficejo de EANA. D-ro George A. Maggio ja havas kapon! En la pasinta numero de AE, kiam ni presis bildon pri la kurso de D-ro Maggio en la Telefon-Kompanio "Bell", bedaŭrinde pro eraro de la bindisto, estis fortranĉita lia kapo. Ni ĝojas, ke ni povas nun montri, ke li havas belaspektan bonan kapon, kiu inteligente direktas liajn multajn farojn por Es- peranto. D-ro Maggio unue interesiĝis pri Esper- anto antaŭ 7 jaroj. En 1951 li ricevis Ateston pri Kapableco kun rajto de instruado kaj aliĝis kiel membro-fondinto al la Esperanto-Societo en Newark. Depost tiu tempo li regule instruis kursojn kaj venontafitune li anticipas havi kurson por ge- instruistoj de altlernejoj en Newark. Pastro W. J, H. Knappe sendis jenan interesan noteton: "Minunstudas pri la Egiptoj de la jaro 1800 antaŭ Kristo, kaj rimarkas, ke la faraonoj insistis, ke la mondlingvo estu la tiama Egipta lingvo!" Memoro/on pri la unua kongreso de EANA ni ricevis de malnova Es- perantisto Russell Johnston. Li sendis historian flugfolion pri "La Unua Esperanto-Kongreso en Ameriko ĉe Chautauqua, N. Y, 20-25 Julio 1908". S-ro Johnston skribis: "Kiel vi sendube scias, F-ino Ivy Kellerman tie renkontis S-ron Reed. (Poste ili geedziĝis.) Ŝi estis tre bela junulino. Tiutempe mi estis tre juna, sed mi povis tamen klare vidi Ŝian belecon!" La Jar libra de UEA (Universala Esperanto-Asocio) aperis frue en Ĉi tiu jaro. Gi estas bela 272-paĝa volumo kun interesa kaj utila enhavo, cefe la listo de delegitoj en 64 landoj. Car EANA estas landa asocio al- iĝinta al UEA, ĉiu membro de EANA rajtasuzi la servojn de la delegitoj. Sed por ricevi la Jarlibron, oni devas esti "individua" membro de UEA. Sendu $1.25 al EANA, kaj vi ricevos ci tiun jarlibron kaj ankafi malpli grandan duan parton, kiu aperos en la aŭtuno. Ni hedaŭras raporti pri la forpaso de Samideano Charles H. Briggs, pioniro de Esperanto, kiu mortis la 8-an de Aprilo. Dum pli ol 45 jaroj S-ro Briggs aktive laboris por Esperanto, instruante kursojn en Minne- apolis kaj St. Paul, Minnesota, kaj Long Beach, California, skribante ar- tikolojn, tradukante, kaj kiel sciencisto partoprenante en tutmonda ko- respondado. ,-. DEZmAS EORESPONDI o KosPo de tmonco: Eksterlande, unu vorto aŭ mallongigo por unu cendo {ses vortoj por 1 int. reipondkupono); Enlande, una vorto por du cendoj. Brazilo. J. C. Machado, Caixa Postal 68, Tupaciguara (Minas Gerais). Deziras korespondi kun la tuta mondo. Japanujo. Kijoŝi Huruja, Misaki-Suikoo, Aburacubo, Misaki-maĉi, Kana- gaŭa-ken. 24-j. dez. kor. pri diversaj temoj kun Nord-Amerikaj gestu- dentoj kaj junaj, sinceraj samideanoj. Japanujo. Esperanto-Rondo de Hita Jyonai Kolegio, Kami Jyonai-machi, Hita-shi, Oita-ken. 13 junulinoj kaj 5 junuloj deziras korespondi. Usono. John F. Schilke, Sunset Terrace, Unionville, Conn. Deziras korespondi pri astronomic Usono. W. Udo Segert, 305 East 75 St., New York 21, N. Y. Deziras in- terŝanĝi ilustritajn poŝtkartojn kaj poŝtmarkojn kun ĉiuj landoj. Certe respondos kaj sendajbjn afrankos per UN-poŜtmarkoj. Argentina. Lino Signoratos, San Luis 150, Mendoza. Deziras korespondi. 70% Discount on All Books to Members of EANA Along with the Jan-Feb issue of AE you received the complete catalog of the Esperanto Book Service of America, official book service of EANA. The Central Off ice is pleased to announce that henceforth all members of EANA will enjoy 10% discount on ALL books and other items in the ca- talog purchased from Headquarters. Thus, when you order books in any amount just take 10% off the total sum due. Now is a good time to order those books you may be wanting. This offer of 10% discount will be va- lid until new catalog is issued, or until further notice. Take advantage of this special privilege to Members of EANA. EANA & UEA MEMBERSHIP DUES FOR 7953 The Association thanks you sincerely for your support during 1952 and requests that you send your 1953 dues soon. An early remittance would be very helpful and would avoid the extra office work of send- ing out reminders. All categories of EANA membership receive the American Esper- anto Magazine and all Bulletins. Your EANA membership automati- cally gives you "Associate Membership" (AM) in the UEA. You re- ceive the coupons of the UEA and have a right to the services of Delegates throughout the world. In addition, there are "Individual Membership" categories in UEA: the Yearbook is supplied for an additional $1.25 annually; the Year- book and the magazine Esperanto (monthly) are supplied for an addi- tional $3.00 annually. Here are Membership Rates for 1953: EANA membership including UEA Regular Active Member Patron Member Associate Yearbook Yearbook & of UEA of UEA Esperanto $5.00 $6.25 $8.00 10.00 11.25 13.00 POPULAR ESPERANTO BOOKS The Central Office is equipped to supply all your book needs. Here are a few pop- ular and standard items. 10% discount in quantity. Ask about other titles. PRACTICAL ESPERANTO, Dr. Wm. Benson. Many use this text for class or self because it is unique with 650 pictures to illustrate rules, affixes, vocabulary, etc. Grammar in English, exercises in Esperanto. 160 pp. illustrated............ $ .25 REED'S PRACTICAL GRAMMAR. Dr. Ivy K. Reed. A very complete beginner's text for class or self, with extensive examples, dialog, etc. Offset reprint, a few pages slightly blurred but fully usable. 142 pp. with vocabularies and a complete index. Original price 75cf, reduced to less than half-price................35 ESPERANTO: THE WORLD INTERLANGVAGE. Connor-Solzbacher-Kao. The new complete manual of Esperanto. "6-books-in-l": history, textbook, reader, world directory, 2 dictionaries. All in one vol. 245 pp........Paper SI.SO; Cloth 3.00 VN1VERSALA ESPERANTO-METODO, Dr. Benson. Encyclopedic all-Esperanto book of 11,000 pictures with textbook, reader, dictionary. 560 pp...........Cloth 6.00 ESPERANTO GRAMMAR & COMMENTARY, Cox. A detailed and thorough analy- sis of Esperanto grammar in English, innumerable examples. 371 pp.......Cloth 1.50 ESPERANTO (World Language Series), Pro/. Mario A. Pei. Complete Esperanto chapter from "World's Chief Languages". Gram, survey, vocabularies, etc.......25 WORLD'S CHIEF LANGUAGES, Prof. Mario A. Pei. A guide and survey of lan- guages of entire world, incl. Esperanto. Maps, glossary, index. 663 pp__Cloth 6.00 AMERICAN POCKET DICTIONARY, Karl Proding. Esp-Eng & Eng-Esp. Begin- ner's pocket companion. Offset edition in paper covers. 80 pp.......................25 EDINBURGH DICTIONARY. Esp-Eng & Eng-Esp. Excellent and complete, in con- cise form. The very best small dictionary for English speakers. 288 pp....Cloth .85 MILLIDGE ESPERANTO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Latest edition with 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, & 6th "Aldonoj de la Lingva Komitato". Complete, 490 pp........Cloth 2.50 FULCHER & LONG ENGLISH-ESPERANTO DICTIONARY. Incl. proper names and neologisms. Each meaning listed separately. Complete, 348 pp........Cloth 2.35 PLENA VORTARO DE ESPERANTO, Grosjean-Maupin. Esp-Esp. The large com- plete all-Esperanto dictionary. Authoritative. 511 pp. Offset edition.......Cloth 4.00 Rare, exactly same as above, but better paper & binding. Deluxe ed.......Cloth 6.50 FUNDAMENTA KRESTOMATIO, Zamenhof & others. Authoritative chrestomathy and literary guide. Innumerable model stories, poems, etc. 472 pp..........Paper 1.65 Latest edition, exactly same as above, but newly bound in boards — Half-Cloth 2.50 KARLO, Edmond Privat. Very popular easy first-reader, used in many classes. Life of Karlo as he grew from boyhood to young manhood and marriage. 43 PP-.- -25 THE BIBLE in Esperanto (Sankta Biblio). The best "Reader". Beautifully printed. Bound in blue, art vellum, 8vo, latest ed. on excel. Bible paper. 996 pp....Cloth 2.30 ESPERANTO SORTIMENTO. Five books, good reading at low cost: Akrobato de Nia Sinforino, legend of France, 25 pp; Blanche—Virgulino de Lille, medieval romance, 42 pp; Lando de Arĝenta Akvo, story of Far West, 48 pp; Miserere, mu- sic story, & Thais, by Anatole France (2 bks in 1), 66 pp; Rozujo Ciumiljara, the miracle of love, 48 pp. Each book 25«:. Entire sortimento for only............. 1.00 RARE COLLECTION OF 23 ESPERANTO KEYS. Albana, Angla, Araba, Baska, Ceha, Dana, Estona, Finna, Flandra, Franca, Germana, Hispana, Hungara, Is- lands, Itala, Japana, Malaja, Norvega, Persa, Portugala, Romanĉa, Rusa, Slov- aks, Sudafrika, Sveda. Contains several rare items. Most complete collection... 2.75 INDIAN BEAD STAR. Genuine "Kiowa" work, tiny Indian beads on fine buckskin, round white ground with green star,beautiful rare art piece, 1 1/4 dia., brooch.. 1.00 GREEN STAR PENDANT. Round white ground with green star on both sides of pendant, nickel trim, eyelet & 1 link, for necklace or watch-chain, 1 1/16 dia... .75 ENAMEL GREEN STAR. Round white ground, gold trim, 7/16" button or brooch.. .65 On pentagonal white ground, with an E, gold trim, 7/16"dia., button or brooch... .65 On star-shape ground, with E, white edge, gold trim, 10/16" button or brooch.....65 .On round white ground, gold trim, l/4"dia. (small), with 2"pin, tie-pin only.......65 Esperanto,114 W.16 St.,New York 11,N.Y. yy/. wenwr.'.-yxn'.'.'. NEW CONNOR COURSE IN ESPERANTO Correspondence Course with Vinylite Records Instruction by Doris Tcrppan Connor New! Modern! The "Connor Course" is unique, —it provides real-life disk conversations plus the personal instruction of Doris Tappan Connor. The one and only record course, in any language, that gives everything in the way of learning aids. NOW, you can learn Esperanto like a "native"— better,quicker, and easier. It's fun to learn this real-life way! You converse with the disk and confer with the instructor. The "Connor Course" is compiled by experts. "Vinylite" recordings by Mr. and Mrs. Connor. All designed so you can master Esperanto. l The complete "Connor Course" includes the following: (1) A lively text, "Esperanto: The World Interlanguage." (2) Eight complete "Vinylite" double-sided 10 records. (3) A practical and easy-to-follow "Study Guide" (82 pp.) (4) Personalized instruction and guidance of Mrs. Connor. (5) Supply of answer paper and printed return envelopes. (6) An interesting card game, to develop your vocabulary. (7) And finally, an official "Certificate of Achievement". FOR INDIVIDUAL STUDY: The complete "Connor Course", as described above, will be sent postpaid for only $36. FOR GROUP STUDY: Buy one complete master course at $36. Each additional member pays only $6 more for Textbook and complete Study Guide for his own use. Full money-back guarantee. So, place your order NOW: r^percmto, 114 W. 16th St, New York 11, N. Y.