INTERLANGUAGE AMERICAN ESPERANTIST Austrian Minister & Esperanto Bridge Between the Nations Language Difficulties in U. N. Creates Babel on Long Island Mark Starr, S.C.A.P. Consultant Says "Esperanto Tre Utilas" Use of Esperanto is Increasing In Scientific Publications Oficiala Organo de la ESPERANTO ASOCIO de NORD-AMERIKO NOV—DEC, 1946 Twenty-five Cents ,170 Vol. 61 Address communications to: AMERICAN ESPERANTIST G. ALAN CONNOR, Editor 114 West 16th Street New York 11, N. Y. Nos. 11-12 Associate Editors: Dr. W. Solzbacher, Doris Tappan Connor, Dr. Norman M< Omown, Dr. S. Zamenhof, Viktoro Murajo, V. Rev. Gabriel N. Pausback, Cap. William M. Doran (Kanada Fako), Howard E. Latham (Skolta Fako). China: V. Rev. J. B. Se-Tsien Kao. Eire: Lorcan O hUiginn, P.C.T. W.S. . Mark Starr The Editor's Desk CONTENTS — ENHAVO Esperanto — Bridge Between the Nations . . Dr. Hans Frenzel Esperanto in Scientific Publications ...... Babel on Long Island .... Esperanto Tre Utilas (It Works!) Esperanto in Action .... This Is the Year of Decision! It is with Great Regret .... Our New President .... Esperanto Classes in the Schools Tra la Lingva Konfuzo de la LI.N. . The Esperanto Student .... La Vizito — The Visit......... Esperanto-Kroniko .......... Deziras Korespondi ......... Sayings of Zamenhof ..... "Pensoj de Zamenhof" Dr. W, Solzbacher . D.T.C. 121 122 123 125 127 128 129 129 130 131 134 134 135 136 iv American Esperantist published bi-monthly for the Esperanto Associ- ation of North America, by the Esperanto Interlanguage Instimte. Jarabono el iu lando, $1.50. Membreco, $2. El landoj kie estas neeble sendi monon, AE akceptos bonajn Espo-librojn, kaj etendas la abonon laŭvalore. Make Checks Payable to Order of the Editor — G. Alan Connor Subscription and Membership — $2.00 per Year Active Sustaining; Membership—$5.00 per Year AMERICAN ESPERANTIST Vol. 61 November-December, 1946 Nos. 11-12 ESPERANTO — BRIDGE BETWEEN THE NATIONS His Excellency Dr. Hans Frenzel Minister of Food Supply in the Austrian Cabinet In the previous issue of AE we published an article by His Excellency William Drees, Minister of Labor and Social Affairs in the Dutch Cabinet. We now present a statement by another Cabinet Minister. Dr. Frenzel, who has used the Interlanguage in lectures and contacts with foreign specialists, made the following statements in an interview which he granted Mr. Stephan Zodel, a reporter for the Austria Esperanto-Revuo in Vienna. Question: Since when, Mr. Minis- ter, have you been an Esperantist? Answer: I learned Esperanto in 1919. Before that time my father had already been a member of the Esper- anto movement. My knowledge of Esperanto enabled me to spend many enjoyable hours in conversation with foreign Esperantists. I remember with the greatest pleasure, for instance, the Universal Esperanto Congress at Nu- remberg (1923) during which I was an interested participant. And I was able to converse with persons from almost all the countries represented there, in particular those belonging more or less to my own profession (the Nuremberg Congress was attend- ed by 4,963 Esperantists from 43 coun- tries throughout the entire world). I also should like to recall with pleasure the Universal Esperanto Congress at Vienna, held in 1924, at which I de- livered my first lecture in Esperanto within the framework of a special Police Convention. I discussed at that time the organization and aims of the food police. During the recent World War II, I had occasion to get in touch with Esperantists in France and Poland. In Warsaw I was able, by means of Esper- anto, to contact the Polish anti-Fascist movement although this was obviously for me, as an officer (in the German Army), a rather risky affair. In Smo- lensk I met also French Esperantists. Question: Why did you become an Esperantist? Answer: I arrived at the idea of an international auxiliary language through the same motives which in- spired Dr. Zamenhof. Misunder- standings between the peoples are often due to their inability to under- stand one another. This may be ex- perienced almost daily at the present time. The lack of a linguistic instru- ment of understanding causes unpleas- ant misunderstandings. I am con- vinced that many conflicts occurring between peoples of different tongues would not happen if they could talk to one another. In addition to this ideal motive for learning Esperanto, I had also an eminently practical motive: By means of Esperanto I have been able to keep informed about develop- ments in my field of specialization throughout the world. I have made considerable use of this possibility and have acquired knowledge of technical achievements in my professional field in all countries. Question: What do you think of the present chances of Esperanto? Answer: A matter as good and prac- tical as Esperanto is sure to succeed. I believe in particular that interna- tional trade relations can be promoted 121 122 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST and facilitated by means of Esperanto. It would, of course, be important to introduce Esperanto as a compulsory subject into the schools. As in many other matters, circumstances are such that someone has to make a beginning. I believe that the smaller nations should make this start because the great nations are inclined to consider their own respective national tongues as the would-be world languages. In my opin- ion, Esperanto should maintain its character as an international auxiliary language. It should serve practical, economic purposes. Its use for the rendering of foreign literature should be limited to spreading the content anc meaning of such treasures, because th full expression of a work of nations literature cannot be translated into an other language. Finally, I should lik to make a special appeal to the Am trian Espcrantists, namely, a reques that they use Esperanto to make Au; tria better known abroad. By thi ideal means of understanding you hav an opportunity not only to describe th distress which is afflicting our cour try at present, but also to spread fa and wide the characteristic Austria qualities which have made our peopl sympathethic and likeable to others. ESPERANTO IN SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS The use of Esperanto in scientific publications is rapidly increasing. This was exemplified recently by Dr. Paul Neergaard, an internationally renown- ed authority on plant pathology, from Copenhagen, Denmark, who visited the editorial offices of the American Esperantist before going to Cornell University where he has been invited in connection with his discoveries and research. Dr. Neergaard left with us An Index of ten Annual Reports, and a copy of his book on "Alternaria and Stemphylium." The book, a volume of 560 pages, is printed in English and contains a 7-page summary in Esper- anto. Dr. Neergaard also gave us the latest five Annual Reports of the J. E. Ohlsens Enkes Phytopathological Lab- oratory in Copenhagen. These publi- cations are in Danish, with summaries in both English and Esperanto. The Index contains a remarkable Terminol- ogy of Phytopathology and Mycology in Esperanto. — We have also received from Arnhem, Netherlands, the sec- ond edition of a book entided "Be- namingen op het Gebied der Verlich- tingskunde" (Terminology of Illumina- tion), a volume of 156 pages, dealin with light, electricity, radiation, en The book is printed in Dutch, wit translations in German, Englisl French, and Esperanto. Esperanto : the only language in which all tram lations are given. It seems also to b the language in which the number c inaccuracies is smallest. In the Tab! of Contents, for instance (pp. 15i 156), we did not find a single mi: take in the Esperanto part, while thei are 2 mistakes in the French and s least 3 in the English ("proporties ( radiation", "coulour", "lichtsources" —In Japan, the Journal of the Sociel of Chemistry (Nippon Kagaku-Kai recently published articles in Esperani by Dr. F. Egami, Professor of Bi< chemistry, and by Dr. Y. Oota, Pre fessor of Biology, at the Imperial Un versity of Nagoya. The 'Geophysic Magazine", published by the Centr Meteorological Observatory in Toky printed an article in Esperanto by Taguchi on "The Surf on the Fushil Coast in Toyama Bay". BABEL ON LONG ISLAND When a dignified newspaper like the New York Herald Tribune uses headlines such as "U.N. Translator System Fails—All Is Confusion", as it did on November 16 in a Lake Suc- cess dispatch by Jack Werkley, the reader may be sure that all is not well with the linguistic arrangements at the United Nations. "A brief breakdown of the United Nations experimental headphone trans- lation system", Mr. Werkley stated, "today dramatized a backstage struggle of France to salvage her language as the diplomatic tongue of the world, and a fight of old-style interpreters against a mechanical rival. Failure of a key microphone and the rapid-fire pace of Andrei Y. Vishinsky, Russian Vice Foreign Minister, combined to embarrass the gadget at a critical mo- ment in the brewing batde between tradition and progress." If it were just a matter of tradition or progress, the problem would be a great deal simpler than it is. In fact, the choice is rather between clarity and precision on the one hand and rapidity on the other. Under a multi- lingual system, an international con- ference cannot have both. Only die use of a common language, such as the neutral interlanguage, Esperanto, could assure both advantages. "In the Political and Security Com- mittee", the Herald Tribune report says, "trying to speed up its dragging sessions through use of the simultane- ous interpretation system popularized at the Nuremburg war crimes trials, practically everything went haywire for a moment. The headphone system employs, instead of repetitious trans- lations, a five-language battery of in- terpreters pouring out running trans- lations apace with the speaker . . . But today Mr. Vishinsky got going so fast that the English interpreter could not keep up with him . . . The Eng- lish translator was fit to be carried away, when the worst happened. His microphone went dead. Cut off from the outside world, delegates, advisers and newspaper men gestured, grimaced and shrugged shoulders while Mr. Vishinsky went racing on in Russian. In the glass-caged interpreters* booths, confusion was a mild word. Buttons were pushed, wires checked, red lights flashed on and off. A veteran Rus- sian-to-English interpreter, Mrs. Ina Tolberg, seasoned in the ten-month Nuremberg trials, was thrown into the breach. With a new microphone and an amazing memory, she caught up with Mr. Vishinsky and saved the day." "But the embarassing moment in the success story of the earphone quickly stirred up the issue which the Assem- bly must decide at this session— whether it is to abandon partially at least the time-honored but weary sys- tem of successive translations in Rus- sian to English to French, or, at times, such combinations as Arabic to English to French which sometimes talk issues to death. Alexandre Parodi, chief French delegate, who is prepared to lead the French fight to save the pres- tige of French as the world's diplo- matic language, told a reporter that his nation would oppose the headphone system with all its vigor." "In the battle of languages the Rus- sians, too, are staging a fight to bring their tongue — strange to most of the rest of the world — to a greater equal- ity with her political power. Russian delegates, fully capable of talking in English, insist on using Russian in the sessions. Andrei A. Gromyko, the Russian delegate, himself clearly weary of long sessions, used English for a couple of days but quickly went back to his native tongue. A number of Russia's Balkan satellites use Russian in speeches instead of their national languages. More and more Western 123 124 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST diplomatic advisers are forced to learn the language to deal with the Moscow representatives ..." It seems pretty certain that the lan- guage difficulty is going to trouble the different organs of the United Nations for a long time to come and that the rivalry between the principal national tongues will never be overcome on any other basis than that of the neutral interlanguage. A striking example of how the lan- guage barrier and the usual makeshift methods of dealing with it can hamper the progress of an international con- ference was given in a United Press dispatch from the Paris Peace Confer- ence. They show drastically how the whole business of translations became so boring for many delegates that they tried to kill time by giving their at- tention to crossword puzzles, mystery stories, and football news, while the nations of the world were feverishly waiting for decisions involving the peace of the world and the future des- tiny of many peoples. Here are the quotes: "At 4:32 p.m. Attlee (the British Prime Minister) was profoundly ab- sorbed by a crossword puzzle. At 4:36 Evatt (the Australian Foreign Minister) left the hall while the trans- lation of a British Indian speech was rumbled down. At 4:37 all delegates present were reading newspapers, with the exception of the Ethiopian dele- gate who had fallen asleep. At 4:40 the American delegate, James Dunn, having spent a few moments on pe- rusing official documents, put them aside to give his attention to the sports page of the Daily Telegraph. At the same time the New Zealand delegate was seen starting a letter. Two min- utes later the British Indian delegate was perusing a booklet entided "What Paris Has to Offer', apparendy as a preparation for Saturday night. At 4:50 the Ethiopian delegate was awak- ened by the applause with which a new speaker was welcomed. At 4:52, Spaak (the Belgian Foreign Minister) was seen pulling a novel in a yellow cove: out of his pocket ... In this way mat- ters have now been going on for sb days." No one reading this descriptior need to be an expert on internationa affairs to reach the conclusion tha there must be something wrong witl such conference and translation meth ods and that a common language i: urgently needed. As early as August 1 the well-known columnist, Bill Cun ningham, stated this in an outspokei dispatch to the Boston Herald, whicl printed it under the headlines Atomi. Age Victim Of Curse Of Babel — Nations At Mercy of Translators — Big Need One Simple Language. Bil Cunningham stated bluntly: "Ther can never really be one world untt there's one language — one wotkin; language that the people running tha world can all speak, write and undet stand." The question is clearly stated, bu Mr. Cunningham seems to ignore tha there is an answer which is not merel rhetorical or theoretical. In that re spect a colleague of Mr. Cunningham'; Bob Considine of the Internationt News Service, showed a much greate degree of realism by concluding in a I.N.S. article: "My advice to the peact keepers — 'Lernu la interlingvon Ei peranto!'" —W. S. The STELO-LIBRO BOOK CLUB is the ideal way to enjoy interestin new books in Esperanto at club-rate low cost. Newest book is original Espei anto work, VIVO VOKAS, by Stellan Engholm of Sweden. Write to AE fc free illustrated prospectus. ESPERANTO TRE UTILAS (IT WORKS!) Mark Starr Labor Education Consultant to S.C.A.P. During the years 1921 to 1928 the international language Esperanto had been a godsend to me. When, for example, I was gathering material for a book which later appeared under the title of "Lies and Hate in Education," I corresponded with teachers in Eu- rope and Asia with good results. Al- most every year I travelled in Europe with no "foreign" language but Esper- anto and stayed in workers' homes, thus getting to know them and their problems much more effectively than any ordinary tourist could. In 1926, I stayed for a month in Russia, spoke Esperanto continually, and almost for- got how to talk English. However, when I came to work in the United States in 1928, it was quite the reverse. Therefore when in Au- gust, 1946,1 was asked to go to Japan to advise the unions about matters edu- cational, I wondered whether disuse had made my knowledge of the lan- guage too rusty and whether I should be understood in the land of the Mikado. However, having seen in the American Esperantist that the Esper- anto Institute in Tokyo was active and that its premises had escaped the bombings, I carried along the journal with names and addresses. Incident- ally, I left my copy there as a gready appreciated item. The Japanese are extremely anxious to renew contact with the outside world which their now-defeated militarist rulers had pre- vented. The difficulties of the Japanese lan- guage make Esperanto more a boon than in most countries. The Japanese alphabet seems to be a mixture of 2,(XX)-3,000 picturegraphs, ideographs and phonetic symbols. There is a movement, strongly supported by the American Education Mission, to change from the picturesque hieroglyphics to Roman phonetic letters. But mean- while, as in Yiddish, books are read from the back and the lines run ver- tically on the page from right to left. The American Military Government made interpreters available in most cases, although some of them left much to be desired and one was never sure that the idea was being correcdy con- veyed. English is taught in the Japa- nese schools and many Japanese pro- fessors and businessmen have lived abroad and speak English fluently. But I spoke to some of the English instructors and found them very dif- ficult to understand — kompatu la lernanton! When I got to the Esperanto Insti- tute I found the veteran-secretary, Miyake Shihey, and arranged to attend a members' group. Later a lecture in Esperanto to the Teachers Union ap- parently needed translation only for a part of the audience. When I spoke to the Esperanto Institute, we enjoyed the direct exchange of thought hin- dered only by the Japanese custom of going into a huddle to make a collec- tive reply. I was able to ask them about their problems and to find out how they felt about the Mikado and MacArthur. Their number one problem was food; the second, housing; the third, how to make the democratic Constitution work. They were ashamed that it had remained for an outside conqueror to free them, but nevertheless determined to use the current opportunity. Also in Tokyo I spoke in Esperanto to a meeting of organized insurance agents and found two members who knew the interlanguage well. In mat- ters grave and gay, la helplingvo tre utilas. One day I was puzzled by an 125 126 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST open-air show with '"a picture theatre," songs, and dances, on the lot opposite our hotel. Fortunately, Esperantist Satojosi hailed me and explained that it was advertising for the government lottery. To walk the Ginza—the shop- ping street— with an Esperantist, was to get a rare insight into the Japanese ways of life. As a unique blend of the old and new, I was given the illus- trated official guide Japanujo and El Tragedioj de Shakespeare. Then I began my travels, and at Kyoto when I apologized for not speak- ing in Japanese and offered to talk in the international language, one print- ing worker rose at the back and de- clared his ability to leap over the bar- riers of language. I visited some of the individual Esperantists in their homes, and that is easier said than done in Japan where the dwelling houses are usually numbered accord- ing to die date of their erection. At Osaka, a group of Esperantists came to the workers' education confer- ence where I spoke. They read a message from their group which I quoted to the audience. The inde- fatigable Esperantist, Kiyosi Ikegawa, prepared for me a summary of the labor movement in Osaka while I was in a press conference in the afternoon. When one of the minor zaibatsu at Iizuka was giving us a Japanese ban- quet after we had visited the Mitsu- bishi Mine, an old professor came in who had learned Esperanto a quarter of a century ago. For this I found I had to thank Miyake Shihey, who had told him about my visit. I have never used the international language under stranger circumstances—twenty of us squatting on our feet around the low Japanese table, abounding with more dishes of varied food and drink than anyone in Japan at the present mo- ment of food rations had a right to, with the director of the mine and his staff listening in to our discussion. Down in the island of Kyushu, when we visited the governor's residence at Fukuoka,UmekiIchiharahad the bright idea of introducing himself by carry- ing the green star banner at the en- trance. Later on when the tea cere- mony was being presented to the visit- ing foreigners, he explained the de- tailed ritual although he confessed that to many Japanese it was tre teda. Later on when the representatives of the coal miners union and the steelworkers union sang their songs with the aid of geisha girls, he gave me the transla- tion in Esperanto. No wonder that in my final report to the Supreme Commander of Allied Powers, I inserted the following among my recommendations: "The labor unions should be asked to supply consultants who have had experience in the methods of or- ganizing permanent trade unions so that the growth of the Japanese unions can be effectively influenced. Labor officers who have had experi- ence in negotiating contracts would also be helpful. Trade union edu- cation and research experts in the labor field could give immense help to the new Japanese labor move- ment and help it to develop in a correct fashion. (In view of my use of Esperanto to talk directly with workers in Tokyo and all the other cities visited, a knowledge of the international auxiliary language might be considered as an additional qualification for such consultants if they do not know Japanese.)" The willingness of citizens in the U.S.A. to assist progressive elements there will greatly aid the growth ol democratic Japan. Read "The Language Problem, Its History and Solution," by E. D. Durrani, $150 ESPERANTO IN ACTION All Japanese school children will henceforth learn in school about Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, author of Esperanto, because an essay about his life and work, written by Miyake Shihey, Execu- tive Secretary of the Japanese Esper- anto Institute, is included in the new reader, which will be introduced in April 1947 in all grade schools of the country. The Ministry of Education called for contributions to this radic- ally new textbook and received 1225 essays and poems. Only 12 of these, prose and poetry, were selected for the reader. The essay about Dr. Zamenhof was one of them. The French National Railroads use Esperanto, with other languages, in their Central Information Office (Bu- reau des Renseignements, Gate St. Lazare, Paris). Trade Fairs at Mar- seille and Lyon use Esperanto to a considerable extent. • An Australian Esperantist, Dr. J. C. Caldera, of Perth, Western Australia, won first prize in a contest organized by the South African Esperanto journal, Afrika Voĉo, by describing one of his war experiences in the jungles of New Guinea. When congratulating the prize winner on his success, the Editor, J. Semmelink, expressed his thanks to the "American Esperantist" in which Dr. Caldera first read about the con- test. This is another example of the way in which this journal, which has as its primary object the promotion of the study and use of Esperanto in North America, has frequently served as a "go-between" on a worldwide scale. In postwar Austria the first book in Esperanto to come from the presses was La Mondpaco Kiel Psikologia Problemo (World Peace as a Psycho- logical Problem), by Hans Thirring. Tramonda Publishing Co., Vienna. In Brazil the People's University "President Roosevelt", at Sao Paulo, has decided to organize Esperanto classes in its Language Department. Publicity for these classes is made over the radio, in the daily press, and through posters and circulars. Radio Station PRG-2 (Sao Paulo) has a weekly Esperanto program. The news- paper A Noite at Sao Paulo, features an almost daily Esperanto column. • In the Far East a number of schools feature Esperanto classes. At Singa- pore, Malaya, for instance, Esperanto is taught at the Hou Chio Public School. In Japan, the study of Esper- anto is compulsory at Zikeikai Medical School, Tokyo, optional at the College of Foreign Languages, Osaka. In China, there are Esperanto classes at the South- west United Universities, Kunming. • There is now an Esperanto Street in Budapest, Hungary. In Ruessels- heim near Frankfurt, in the American occupation zone of Germany, a street was recently named Zamenhof Street, after Dr. L. L. Zamenhof, author of Esperanto. The decision was taken at the suggestion of die new Mayor, Al- fred Schmidt, who is an Esperantist. • The 32nd Universal Congress of Esperanto, to be held in the capital of Switzerland, Bern, July 26 to August 2, 1947, has already received registra- tions from 14 countries, including the United States and Brazil. This first postwar World Congress of the Esper- anto movement will meet in the same city in which the last prewar Congress was successfully held in August 1939. Since the First Universal Congress of Esperanto was organized at Boulogne- sur-Mer, France, in 1905, these Con- gresses, attended by up to 5,000 dele- gates, have been an annual event, with two interruptions (1916-19 and 1940- 46) caused by the two World Wars. 127 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST G. Alan Connor, Editor 114 West 16th Street New York 11, N. Y. THE EDITOR'S DESK THIS IS THE YEAR OF DECISION! Dan Ward Gibson presents a "share-the-sacrifice" plan for creating an effective Central Office and magazine. Many an organization has a SUSTAINING BOARD to support successful quality endeavors. Will YOU join in this $lO-a-month SUSTAINING BOARD plan for the next year or two — in order to provide a strong foundation fen building a Center dedicated to "Esperanto for America, NOW!"? Dan Ward Gibson says: "I have been thinking a good deal about conditions back at the AE office and the handicaps and difficulties un- der which you and Mrs. Connor have been and are working. I have been thinking how I could get in touch with other Esperantists around the country and try to sell them the idea of mak- ing regular monthly contributions to the Esperanto cause. It was my thought that a part of such contributions should go to the support of AE—to meeting the higher costs and to building up a bigger and stronger office and publi- cation. And another part should go to the payment of something in the way of salaries for clerical help in the office. "Esperanto today stands face to face with the greatest opportunity in its history. We speak of our "kara lingvo'. We love it for itself, for the continual pleasure we derive from it, for our faith in its ultimate triumph and glori- ous future through the coming cen- turies. Then, let us show NO IF, the measure of our love and faith. For that which we love, as for those whom we love, we gladly give, we gladly sacrifice. I contend, then, that no Esperantist has demonstrated his love for our language and movement, or his faith in its success, until he has given to its support to the point where his contribution is, indeed, in some degree, a sacrifice. "We all want a stronger, a bigger and a better AE. Such a journal will not only be a source of greater satis- faction to us, its readers, but will have a greatly added value as an organ foi propaganda—for prestige—for im- pressing with the strength and import- ance of our movement. That is the obverse side of the coin—let us take a moment's glance at its reverse. "As Esperantists we cannot be prouc of the conditions obtaining at present in the office of our publication. We are allowing those who have taken it! publication on their shoulders, to cany the burden with a minimum of sup port—to work intolerably long hours to the point where the strain is ; threat to health—and this without an] monetary compensation. "As an Esperantist, I am ashamec to know that we have allowed thi; situation to develop. I do not want t< see a return to mimeographed pages The movement is growing throughou the world. We must not permit retro gression in America. Most of us an sharing in the increased employmen and higher wages (or income) of to day. Living costs are, indeed, higher but that applies to those who havi been serving us at the central office as well as to ourselves. Also, the cost of printing and paper have been risini rapidly, until the regular appearanc of the publication is threatened. Not is the time when all good America) Esperantists must come to the suppoi of our party'." "PS. I am sending the Januar and February remittances in one piec herewith ($20.00)." 128 The Esperanto Association of North America EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Edwin L. Clarke, President G. Alan Connor, Gen. Sec'y, Joseph Leahy, Member IT IS WITH GREAT REGRET To the Members of EANA: It is with great regret that I tender herewith my resignation from the positions of President, and Member, Executive Committee, of the Esperanto Association of North America. Increased cares and responsibilities pertaining to my business make it impos- sible for me to adequately carry on longer with this important work. We North American Esperantists are extremely fortunate, in that our esteemed and thoroughly competent Vice President, Professor Edwin L. Clarke, is available to carry on and provide the enlightened leadership which we espe- cially need at this stage of Esperanto development in North America. I believe in one, and only one, central, all-inclusive organization for the Cause of Esperanto in North America, and that is the Esperanto Association of North America. As a simple Member, our EANA continues to have my full support, and I confidently foresee great accomplishments, through our organized, continental movement, in the years immediately ahead. All Hail! to our great new President, Professor Edwin L. Clarke — and, All Together, Forward for Esperanto! Sincere kaj kunlaboreme la via, ROBERT KARLSON. OUR NEW PRESIDENT Our new President, Professor Edwin L. Clarke, of Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida, accepts leadership in EANA at a difficult stage in our progress toward an effective, central, all-inclusive organization for America. However, his many years of active service in the cause of Esperanto will stand him in good stead. President Clarke has long served as Chairman of the Examinations Committee. He introduced Esperanto into Rollins College, where smdents receive official credit for successful completion of Esperanto courses. He has taken the initiative in supporting the Zamenhof Fund, and in many other ways he has demonstrated his competence and loyalty. Upon assuming his new duties, he wrote: "First, we have to accept, regret- fully, Mr. Karlson's resignation, thank him for past services, and welcome his assurance that he, as a member of EANA, will continue to work loyally for the cause of Esperanto." All of us join wholeheartedly with President Clarke, in appreciation of the splendid work, both in and out of office, of our colleague Robert Karlson. And now, in the words of Mr. Karlson: "All Hail! To our great new President, Professor Edwin L. Clarke!" 129 ESPERANTO CLASSES IN THE SCHOOLS Many schools in the United States and Canada are now teaching Esperan- to. In some instances they are regular, official classes, in others clubs and extra activities. Howard Latham, Scout Secretary of EANA, has accomplished outstanding promotional work in his area,—a worthy example for others to follow! Mr. Latham enlisted the sup- port of various school and newspaper authorities, spoke at the Schoolmasters Association, and announced that EANA would give a premium trip to New York City next summer, to the High School student of Livingston County who best learns Esperanto. As a result, Esperanto classes are now in progress at Nunda Central H. S., Nunda, N. Y.; York Central H. S., Retsof, N. Y., Mr. S. Schrack, teacher; Geneseo H. S., Geneseo, N. Y., O'Dell Scott, teacher; Nunea H. S., Nunea, N, Y. Senior High School, Rockville Cen- tre, N. Y., has a group of 15 young people studying under a most able teacher, Mr. 0. W. Allen. Senior H. S., Rochester, Minnesota, Bruno Beckman, reports an enthusiastic class of 40 students studying Esperanto with him. Principal John M. Bretver, of Crab Orchard Community H. S., Marion, III., has two High School Es- peranto Clubs with regular sessions. In Hillsboro, Oregon, Warren Bwing has an Esperanto class in the High School for the second year. At Fresno H. S., Fresno, Calif,, David Metzler is busy teaching a group of young people. Charles Simon is teaching a club of 30 students in the Roxboro Jr. H. S., Cleveland Heights, Ohio. In New York City, the "Youthbuild- ers", an interracial, intercultural group- activity of youth in the Junior and Senior High Schools .sponsored by the Board of Education, has established an Esperanto class for representatives of many schools in the City. About 35 young people are studying under the instruction of Doris Tappan Connor. Prof. E. A. Rogers, President of the Montezuma Mountain School for Boys, Los Gatos, Calif., writes: "We have taught Esperanto in the 8th Grade (required subject) since the school was founded in 1911." Robert Alberg, of Lynn, Mass., is again teaching Es- peranto two times a week in Eastern Junior High School. In the sixth grade of the Las Cruces, New Mexico, elementary school, Marguerite Sama- niego is teaching Esperanto to 25 chil- dren. In Oregon, official classes have been organized under the auspices of the State System of Higher Education, Ex- tension Division. Prof. J. M. Clifford, a long time Esperantist, teaches the group of 28 paid registrants in Port- land, and another class of 19 in Cor- vallis. A third class in Eugene, is scheduled to get under way soon. At Converse College, Spartanburg, S. C, Weldon T. Myers, is teaching Esper- anto to 40 students. Charles E. Briggs, Long Beach, Calif., teaches a begin- ner's group organized under the aus- pices of the Long Beach City College. The Provincial Institute of Technology, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, has an Es- peranto Club of 14 members under the guidance of G. Ewart Brown of the Institute Staff. Rollins College, Win- ter Park, Florida, gives official credit for Esperanto courses under Prof. Ed- win L. Clarke. This is, of course, an incomplete re- port, and we ask teachers to send in- formation on other classes and activi- ties in schools. Also, please send re- ports on Esperanto classes other than those in schools. These will be printed in an early issue of A.E. Library and gift subscriptions are due. $10 for ten subs, $1.50 for single sub. 130 TRA LA LINGVA KONFUZO DE LA UNUIGITAJ NACIOJ D-RO W. SOLZBACHER Antaŭ nelonge mi pasigis interesan tagon en la "provizora ĉefurbo de la mondo", en Lake Success, proksime al la urbo New York, kiel gasto de la Informa Sekcio de la Unuigitaj Nacioj, kune kun aliaj prelegisroj pri interna- ciaj aferoj. Estis jam malfrue en la posrragmezo, kiam mi foriris el la granda salono de la Sociala kaj Ekono- mia Konsilantaro, kie okazis diskuto pri la hispana problemo, kaj serĉis Komitatan Cambron 4, kie la "sam- tempa" traduksistemo estas uzata. Trovinte la enirejon, mi diskrete engli- tiĝis. Iu delegito estis faranta rusling- van paroladon pri la problemo de la rifuĝintoj. Proksime al la pordo la seĝoj ŝajnis esti sufiĉe mallarĝaj kaj malmolaj, sed iomete antaŭe mi ri- markis neokupitan belan brakseĝon, kiu aspektis tre komforta. Rapide kaj silente, por ne ĝeni la aliajn, mi antaŭ- eniris kaj eksidis en la brakseĝo. Mi tuj prenis la kapaŭskultilojn, metis ilin sur mian kapon, kvazaŭ ili estus kasko, kaj alĝustigis ilin sur miaj oreloj. La parolado, kiun mi antaŭe aŭdis ruse, tuj fariĝis hispanlingva ... Mi ĉirkaŭ- rigardis en la salono kaj iom kon- sterniĝis, kiam mi vidis, ke mi sidas ĉe tablo, kiu havas formon de hufferajo, kaj ke antaŭ mi troviĝas ŝildo kun surskribo "Paraguay". Mi do kon- traŭvole sidis ĉe la tablo de la dele- gitoj kaj "reprezentis" la malproksiman respublikon Paragvajo. Mi rimarkis, ke mia maldekstra najbaro estas la de- legito de Norvegujo, mia dekstra la delegito de Panamo. Neniu ŝajnis atenti min, kaj mi pensis, ke, se mi tuj forirus, tio povus esti pli granda skandalo, ol se mi restus. La kunveno ne plu povos daŭri multe da tempo, kaj do la vera delegito de Paragvajo preskaŭ certe ne revenos. Mi do restos en mia komforta delegita seĝo. Kiam la voĉdonado venis, mi kompreneble neniam levis mian manon. Sed ĉiam estis sufiĉe granda nombro da sindetenoj. Ĉu en tiu posttagmezo oni enkalkulis la voĉon de Paragvajo inter ili, mi ne scias. Mia ĉefa intereso en tiu kunsido, en kiu mi okupis la seĝon de Paragvajo, estis la lingvaj aranĝoj. Dekstre sur mia seĝo mi trovis la aparaton kun la butono, kies ses pozicioj ebligas elek- ton inter 5—kaj teorie eĉ 6—lingvoj, en kiuj oni povas sekvi la paroladojn kaj diskuradon. La unua pozicio donas la paroladon en la lingvo de la paro- lanto, kiu ajn ĝi estu. La aliaj kvin pozicioj alportas al la aŭskultanto la paroladon aŭ ĝian tradukon en angla, franca, rusa, hispana kaj ĉina lingvoj. Fakte do la unua kaj dua butono donas la originalan paroladon, kiam ĝi estas anglalingva, la unua kaj tria, kiam ĝi estas franca, la unua kaj kvara, kiam ĝi estas rusa, ktp. Speciala butono ebligas pli aŭ malpli laŭtan aŭskult- adon. En unu flanko de la salono mi vidis ses "vitrokaĝojn". En unu troviĝas la inĝenieroj, kiuj kontrolas kaj reguligas la tutan komplikitan aparaton de mikrofonoj, telefonoj kaj elektraj ŝnuroj, la signalojn al la parolanto, kiuj signifas "Halm" aŭ "Parolu pli malrapide", ktp. La aliaj kaĝoj en- havas grupojn da interpretistoj, gene- rale tri aŭ kvar por ĉiu lingvo. En la ĉina kago ekzemple unu persono tradukas en la ĉinan lingvon el la angla, alia el la franca, alia el la hispana, alia el la rusa lingvo. Kompreneble kelkaj tradukistoj povas traduki el pli ol unu lingvo; tial kelkaj kaĝoj enhavas nur tri personojn. La interpretisto, kiu troviĝas malantaŭ vitro sufiĉe dika por ne tralasi sonon, aŭskultas la paro- lanton tra telefono — aŭ tenas en la 131 132 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO mano lian manuskripton, se la paro- lado estas antaŭe preparita; li parolas en mikrofonon, kiu estas ligita per telefonŝnuroj al ĉiuj seĝoj de la de- legitoj, konsilantoj kaj vizitantoj. La sistemo ne plu estas nova. Ĝi estis proponata unite en la jaro 1925 de Edward A. Filene el Boston, Usono, kaj la teknikajn detalojn ellaboris Prof. Gordon Finlay el Anglujo en 1926, kiam oni uzis ĝin eksperimente en la Internacia Labor-Konferenco en Ge- neve. Sur pli granda skalo la Inter- nacia Labor-Oficejo uzis ĝin post 1929. Oni nomis la sistemon Filene-Finlay- Parolad - Tradukilo (Filene - Finlay Speech Translator). Ĝin uzis poste la Konferenco pri Malarmado, la Belga Parlamento kaj diversaj internaciaj konkresoj. En plibonigita formo ĝi estas uzita en la granda proceso kon- traŭ la militkrimuloj en Nurnberg. La Unuigitaj Nacioj unue ne uzis ĝin, sed poste decidis enkonduki ĝin sur eksperimenta bazo en unu Komitata Ĉambro depost Oktobro 1946. Observante la sistemon en praktika uzo, mi rapide konstatis, ke la ĵurnaloj estis pravaj diranre, ke la malfacilajoj ne plu estas teknikaj, sed nur per- sonaj. La sono en la kapaŭskultiloj estis klara kaj agrabla, la pezo de la "kasko" ne plu estis tro granda (kiel ĝi estis antaŭe), la manipulado de la aparato estis facila. Se oni havus per- fektajn parolantojn kaj perfektajn interpretistojn, ĉio estus bona. Bedaŭrinde perfektaj "samtempaj" tradukoj ne ekzistas kaj eble neniam ekzistos. La avantaĝoj de la sistemo estas pagataj per gravaj malavantaĝoj, kies plej danĝera estas la manko de klareco kaj korekteco. Ec la plej bona interpretisto ne povas eviti tion. Se ĉiuj paroladoj estus majstroverkoj de logiko kaj klareco, la afero estus multe pli simpla. Bedaŭrinde multaj personoj, eĉ eminentuloj, parolas kon- fuze, kaj la aŭskultanto bezonas kelkajn minutojn por eltrovi, kion la parolanto volas diri. Se tio estas vera por per- sonoj parolantaj en sia propra lingvo, la danĝero estas multe pli granda, se norvego parolas angle, polo ruse aŭ egipto france. Oni ne forgesu, ke la "samtempa" traduksistemo ne permesas al ĉiuj paroli en sia propra lingvo, sed nur elekti inter kvin "oficialaj" lingvoj. Se kelkaj partoj de parolado estas kon- fuzaj kaj la traduko estas farata je la fino, la interpretisto havas tempon por kapti la esencan ideon kaj konsideri ĝin en la traduko. La "samtempa" tradukisto ne povas fari tion, car li devas traduki frazon post frazo, ofte vorton post vorto. Kelkfoje li trovas, ke la esenca ideo estas tute malsama de tio, kion li une komprenis aŭ divenis. Tiam li devas korekti antaŭajn tradukojn, aŭ li komencas balbuti aŭ diri sensencajojn. Mi observis tion en Lake Success. Unu franca interpre- tisto daŭre korektis siajn antaŭajn frazojn. Hispana tradukistino, kies belan kaj melodian voĉon mi admiris, kelkfoje diris ion tute alian ol la parol- anto. La rusa interpretisto kelkfoje sonis furioze, kiam la parolanto estis trankvila; kaj melankolia, kiam la parolanto estis pasia. La plej mirigan impreson mi tamen ricevis de la ĉinaj tradukoj. Mi ne komprenis ilin, sed nur kaptis de tempo al tempo iun "fu", "dzui" aŭ "ĉi". Sed estis evidente, ke la ĉinaj getradukistoj eltrovis propran sistemon de radikala plilongigo. Por 20 anglaj aŭ rusaj vortoj ill tradukis nur tri aŭ kvar ĉinajn vortojn, kvazaŭ en stenografia lingvajo. Estas vere, ke, se ili tradukus ĉion, ili fariĝus multe pli lacaj ol iliaj kolegoj. La anglaj kaj rusaj interpretistoj almenaŭ povas ripozi, kiam longaj paroladoj estas farataj en angla aŭ rusa lingvo kaj la delegitoj samlingvaj povas aŭs- kulti la originalan paroladon. Sed neniu en UNO ŝajnas fari oficialajn paroladojn en ĉina lingvo, eĉ ne la ĉinaj delegitoj. La carma fraŭlino kaj ŝiaj viraj kolegoj en la ĉina "kaĝo" TRA LA LINGVA KONFUZO DE UNO 133 do neniam havas paŭzon kaj devas traduki eĉ la vortojn de la ĉina de- legito el la angla en la ĉinan lingvon. Unu el la ĉefaj interpretistoj de UNO en la "alia" traduka fako rakon- tis al mi, ke ĝenerale la Sekretariejo nun pli facile trovas interpretistojn por la "samtempa" sistemo ol por la "post- paroladaj" tradukoj. La kaŭzo estas, ke la "samtempaj" tradukistoj ne bezonas havi tiel bonan memorpovon kiel iliaj kolegoj, por kiuj "fotografa menso" estas esenca kvalito. ŝajnas, ke la plimulto de la spertuloj konsentas, ke la kvalito de la "samtempaj tradukoj" ĝenerale estas malpli bona ol tiu de tradukoj lau la tradicia metodo. Tiun alian metodon mi observis samtage en la Komitato diskutanta His- panujon. La tradukoj estis treege temporabaj. Ekzemple, kiam la bjelo- rusa delegito parolis 23 minutojn en la rusa lingvo, la angla traduko bezonis 18 minutojn, la franca traduko 19 minutojn. Alivorte: tuta horo estis perdita por parolado, kiu enhavis nur maJmulte da konkretaj faktoj aŭ pro- ponoj, sed multe da elokventaj ora- toraĵoj. Delegito de sudamerika lando klopodis fari impresan paroladon kun energiaj frazoj, multaj gestoj kaj pugno- batoj sur la tablon. Mi estas certa, ke la parolado estus tre konvinka, se li farus ĝin en sia propra sonora idiomo. Bedaŭrinde li insistis paroli en la angla lingvo, kiun li scipovas flue, sed ne tute korekte kaj ne kun la nuancoj necesaj por tia prezentado. Kelkfoje do lia oratorado sonis ekzakte kiel la karikaturaj imitoj, kiujn prez- entas usonaj radio-programoj, kaj kiuj ĉiam amuzas la aŭskultantojn. Dele- gito de skandinava lando klopodis enmeti ŝercojn kaj vortludojn en sian anglalingvan paroladon. Fari tion en fremda lingvo estas bedaŭrinde tre malfacile. Estis preskaŭ dolorige vidi, kiel la aŭskultantoj ridis, kiam la paro- lanto vol is diri ion seriozan, kaj restis seriozaj, kiam li intencis fari ŝercon . .. La interpretistoj en la kunveno estis bonaj, sed eraroj estis neeviteblaj. Kelkfoje oni lasis tiujn erarojn "pasi" senproteste, sed en aliaj kazoj la paro- lintoj ekstaris por korekti la tradukon ĝentile aŭ kolere. Kiam longa parolado anglalingva finiĝis kaj la franclingva traduko komenciĝis, oni povis vidi amasan elmigradon el la salono. Inter tiuj delegitoj, kiuj restis, estis multaj, kiuj tuj eltiris el siaj poŝoj jurnalojn, librojn aŭ privatajn korespondajojn. Hi sendube konsideris la tradukon kiel paŭzon en la kunveno. Kiam la sek- vanta anglalingva parolado komenciĝis, la foririntoj revenis unu post la alia, sed ne ĉiuj ĝustatempe. Do la efektiva tempoperdo estis ankoraŭ pli granda ol la daŭro de la traduko. La aŭskultantoj ankaŭ ofte foriris, kiam traduko aŭ parolado neangla- lingva komenciĝis. Nur dum la longa parolado de la bjelorusa delegito preskaŭ ĉiuj restis en la salono, aŭskul- tante, sed ne komprenante. Fine venis unu formulo, kiun anglalingvano, kiu ne lernis la rusan lingvon, povas kom- preni: "likvidacia Frankiskovo faŝisma" ("La likvido de la Franko-faŝismo"). La plimulto de la aŭskultantoj laŭte aplaŭdis. Rimarkinte, ke tiuj vortoj estis la solaj, kiujn la aŭskultantaro komprenis, la bjelomsa delegito ripetis ilin ĉiam denove, havigante al si multe da aplaŭdo — kaj perdigante al la komitato multe da tempo. Kiel multaj el la aliaj vizitantoj al la kunvenoj de la Unuigitaj Nacioj, mi venis al la konkludo, ke la lingvaj baroj en la laboto de la organizo estas tiel grava malhelpo al ĝia sukceso, ke nek la "ordinara" nek la "samtempa" traduksistemo povas esti kontentiga solvo. UNO bezonas efikan, simplan kaj klaran lnterlingvon por siaj kun- venoj kaj laboroj. Estos necese pruvi al ĝi konvinke, ke Esperanto estas la definitiva respondo al la demando. THE ESPERANTO STUDENT Here are some expressions which you should learn well, for your visi to an Esperanto home. Don't think this is an imaginary episode, because som day you may visit this very same "familio". They live in California, and thei names are "Chomette"! Note especially the use of the -n ending to expres direction towards: Ni iru en la ĝardeno». Mem vian mantelon sur la benko* La Vizito Bonan tagon, sinjorino! Ĉu S-ro Chomette estas hejme? Mi estas S-ro Girard, Esperantisto de Kanado. Mi ĝojas renkonti vin sinjoro. En- venu, mi petas. S-ro Chomette iris antaŭnelonge al la butiko, sed li revenos baldaŭ. Ĉu vi deziras atendi? Jes, dankoa Cu vi estas S-ino Chomette? Jes, mi estas. Bonvolu meti vian mantelon sur la benkon. Sidiĝu, mi petas. Mi dankas. Vi bele parolas Esper- ante, sinjorino. Ho, jes, . . . en ĉi tiu domo estas necese. La tuta familio parolas Esper- ante. Ĉu vi havas infanojn? Jes, du filinojn. Dianto havas dek- kvar jarojn, kaj Lilio havas dek-du. Kie ili estas? Mi Sams renkonti ilin. Ho, ili ludas en la ĝardeno, mi supo- zas. Jen . . . venu . . . ni iru en la ĝardenon. Kiel bela estas via ĝardeno! Tre carma! (Vokas) Dianto! Lilio! Kie vi estas? . . . Nu, ŝajne ili estas for . . . Sed. jen venas alia Esperantisto! Kie? Mi petas! Mi vidas nur etan hundon. Rigardu! Estas nia Esperantista hundo, "Amiko"! . . . Venu al ni, Amiko! Ankaŭ li komprenas Esper- anton! (Ridas) Kiel do? Vi vere estas rimarkinda Esperantista familio. Mi gramlas vin! The Visit Good day, madam! Is Mr. Chomett home? I am Mr. Girard, an Esper antist from Canada. I am pleased to meet you, sir. Com in, please. Mr. Chomette went t< the store not long ago, but he will b back soon. Do you wish to wait? Yes, thank you. Are you Mrs Chomette? Yes, I am. Please put your coat 01 the bench. Sit down, please. Thank you. You speak Esperanw beautifully, madam. Oh, yes,... in this house it is neces sary. The whole family speaks Esper anto. Do you have any children? Yes, two daughters. Dianto is four teen years old, and Lilio is twelve. Where are they? I would like tc meet them. Oh, they are playing in the garden I suppose. Well now . . . come . . let us go into the garden. How lovely your garden is! Very charming! (Calls) Dianto! Lilio! Where are you? ... It looks like they are away . . . But here comes another Es- perantist! Where? Please! I see only a little dog. Look! It is our Esperantist dog. "Amiko"! . . . Come to us, Amiko! He also understands Esperanto! (Laughs) So? You are truly a remarkable Esperantist family. I con- gratulate you! LITERATURA MONDO, denove estas eldonita en Budapest. Tiuj kiuj deziras ricevi la gazeton, sendu $2.50 al A.E. por tutjara abono. Petu senpagan prospekton. 134 ESPERANTO-KRONIKO Famaj kaj konataj psikiatroj, D-ro A. A. Brill kaj Majoro H. L. Gordon, estas ankaŭ Esperantistoj. D-ro Brill estas nomita en freŝdata eldono de Life, "la dekano de Freud-psikoanalizo en Usono". Li persone konis D-ron Zamenhof. D-ro Gordon estas klerulo pri hebreaj verkoj. Li deforas nun- tempe kiel psikiatro en veterana mal- sanulejo. Li skribis: "Mi estas Esper- antisto depost 1910. Dum multaj jaroj mi skribis mian taglibron Esper- ante." "Pit ol 80 jaraĝa, kaj ankoraŭ It aktive laboras kiel kuracisto", estas titolo de artikolo en Duquesne Star, Duquesne, Pa. Ĝi temas pri D-ro I. L Kinney, kiu spite de surdmuteco, tre sukcese laboras kiel pied-kuracisto. Li ankaŭ propagandas Esperanton en la tag-ĵurnaloj. D-ro Kinney serĉas informon pri malnova korespondanto- surdmutulo, Sinkind Schonberg, antaŭe en Varsovio, Pollando. Ĉu iu povus helpi pri informo? Adreso: Dr. I. L Kinney, 38 First National Bank Bldg., Duquesne, Pa. Konferenco pri Mond-Registaro ĉe Kolegio Rollins presis "Alvokon al la Popoloj de la Mondo" en Esperanto. La "Alvoko" estis verkita de Carl van Doren, kaj tradukis ĝin Esperante Profesoro Edwin L. Clarke. Subskri- bis ĝin Albert Einstein, Raymond Gram Swing, kaj multaj aliaj eminen- tuloj. Oni povas ricevi senpagan ekzempleron de la "Alvoko" ĉe la adreso: Kolegio Rollins, Winter Park, Florida. "Peton pri Helpo por Greka Sami- deanino" sendis al ni Wm. A. Knox, Circle Pines Center, Cloverdale, Mich. Tiu helpo estas aprobita de Helena Esperantisto. S-ro Knox deziras kolekti mon-helpon por F-ino Despina Paka, kiu bezonas operacion. Bonvole alskribu rekte al S-ro Knox pri tiu tre inda afero. "Manĝoj por la Milionoj" estas la nova organizo en Usono, kiu vendas, dissendas kaj donacas speciale faritan farunajon, nomita Mult-celada Nu- trajo. Eta koverto entenas la manĝa- ĵon, kiu estas tre riĉa je multaj valoraj nutro-elementoj. ĉi kostas nur 3-cen- dojn por tuttaga nutro-bezono! Petu pluan informon de Samideano Ste- phens. Adreso: Donald Stephens, 119 East 19 St., New York 3, N. Y. Thomas A. Goldman, samideano antaŭe de Washington, D. C, nun troviĝas en Rotterdam, Nederlando, kie li dejoras kiel Vic-Konsulo por Usono. Ni salutas kaj gratulas. Vniversala Kongreso de Esperanto, en Bern, Svislando, 1947. Sendu al A.E. por senpaga prospekto. Nova Esperanto-Klubo en Portland, Oregon, jus estas organizita. La mem- broj plejparte estas kursanoj de la klaso de S-ro J. M. Clifford. La sekretariino, S-ino Bonnie Teague, estas filino de nia malnova kaj fervora samideanino Olive H. Campbell. Ciu membro de la klubo estas ankaŭ membro de EANA — tre imitinda ekzemplo! ĉu vi ŝatus ricevi belan Esperantan Libron? Via tasko: Skribu al Radio stacio OSTRAVA, ĉekoslovakio, pri, 1.) Kion vi opinias pri Ĉekoslo- vakio?, 2.) Kio vin interesas el nova vivo en Ĉekoslovaka Respubliko? Tiu, kies letero estos publikigata ricevos ekzempleron de gazeto kaj Esperantan libron. Memor-Vespero je Lidja Zamenhof, okazis en Decembro en Nov-Jorko sub la aŭspicio de la Bahaa Centro. D-ro Stephen Zamenhof, kuzo de Lidja, partoprenis en la programo; Roan Orloff parolis pri la Vivo de Lidja; kaj S-ino Cora Fellows deklamis la poemon "Sub la Verda Standardo". S-ino Delia Quinlan estris la pro- gramon. 135 DEZIRAS KORESPONDI Kosto de Anonceto: Eksterlande, 2 rasp, kuponoj; Enlande, 5 cendoj por unu vorto Anglujo. League of Pals, 68 Wind- sor Crescent, Bridlington, Yorks. Junu- loj kaj aliaj dezirantaj helpi mond- amikecon per korespondado pri flank- okupoj kaj ordinaraj temoj, Angle aŭ Esperante, sendu nomon kaj adreson por disdono al "Plum-Amiko". Avizu aliajn kaj starigu "Palisade"-Klubon. Argentino. Luis Vicino, Castro Barros 1015-29, Sucursal 23, Buenos Aires. Ofertas inters, de neuzitaj P.M. de Argentino kontrau tiuj de via lando, laŭ oficiala mon-ŝanĝo. Brazilo. F-ino Norma Guerrini, Rua Barao de Campinas 751, Sao Paulo. Dez. inters, il P.K. kun samideano en Usono. Bulgarujo. Andrejo Iv. Jejĉev, str. "Knjazkiril" 26, Assenovgrad. Grupo dez. kor. kun Amerikanoj pri diversaj temoj. Ĉekoslovakio. F-ino Marie ŝvarcova, Vrbno ve Slezsku, lekarna, 19-j. dez. inters, il. PK kaj fotografajoj kun junaj Esperantistoj. Ĝinujo. S-ro Eltunko, P.O. Box 115, Chengtu, 33-j. jurnalisto dez. kor. kaj inters, pri gazetservoj, literaturo, muzikaĵoj. Ĉina Esperanta Biblioteko, ĉe Eltunko, danke akceptas Esperan- tajn eldonajojn. Ĉinujo. S-ro Joanff Ĉou, c/o Chien Hwa Industrial Corporation, 104 Chung Cheng Rd., 10th Area, Tient- sin. Dez. kor. pri internaciaj aferoj kaj geografio kun tutmondo. Ĉinujo. S-ro Chin Kaigi, P.O. Box 175, Chungking. 24-j. fraŭlo dez. kor. kaj inters P.M. kaj fotojn tut- monde. Danujo. B. Andersen, Teglvark- salle 11, Aalborg. Instruisto kaj 30 geknaboj dez. inters. PM kun Usonaj geknaboj. Francujo. F-ino Yvette LaFosse, 1 rue de la Marine, Auxerre (Yonne). 19-j. dez, kor. kun Usona junulo pri diversaj temoj, speciale pri Usono. Francujo. Office de Transaction; Philateliques, 4 rue Jean-Claude-Tissot Saint Etienne (Loire). Por inters objektojn kaj korespondi aliĝu al 1: trilingva klubo "Amikeco". Pert informon. Francujo. S-ro Jozefo Roche, cit( Rocher Dn. e2, Cenon sur Vienne. Dez kor. tutmonde. Germanujo. S-ro Hans Fick, Net Wokern 3, Post. Gr. Wokern, Meek lenburg, (Rusa Parto). Grupo d< plenaĝuloj, geinstruistoj sopiras al lete- roj de Usono. Nederlando. Johano Groenescheij Tulpstraat 33, Koog aan de Zaan. 43- sek. de Espo-Grupo dez. kor. Usono. S-ro Bruno Beckman, In- struisto, Senior High School, Rochester Minn. Dez. kor. kun ĉiuj landoj poi siaj 40 gelernantoj (15-18 jaraj.) pei il. pk, inters. PM. Certe respondos. Usono. S-ro F.L. Broening, 107 E Montgomery St., Baltimore 30, Md Kie troviĝas en Usono la fraŭlina; samideanoj? 34-j. NEULO dez. kor kun tiuj, prefere pri temoj bonhumoraj Usono. S-ino Vera Loomis, 1005 9th Ave., S., Fargo, N. Dak. Dez. kor tutmonde. Interesiĝas pri filozofio libroj, popoloj, kutimoj. Usono. S-ro Louis Obreczian, Boj 51, Waterman, Pa. 47-j. karb-ministc dez. kor. Uzas patriotajn kovertojn kaj 1-a tagajn. Usono. S-ro Iver Svarstad, P.O Box 1909, Long Beach, Calif. Kolekta' il. PK kaj dez. inters. PK kun la tuta mondo. Japanujo. F-ino Michiyo Marusawa Inadera Sonoda Kawabe, Hyogo. Mem- broj de Virina Asocio Laborista dez kor. Speciale interesiĝas pri Usonaj virinoj laboristaj. Japanujo. S-ro Kaĝuma Harada, « Kuŝiro Koun Kaiŝa, 5-8 Miŝikamaĉi Kuŝiro (Hokkaido). 20-j. studento dez kor. kun tutmondo. 136 ESPERANTO BOOKS ESPERANTO HOME STUDENT, James Robbie. Beginner's text for class or self-instruction. 64 pp., newly printed 14th edition...................... .25c PRACTICAL GRAMMAR OF ESPERANTO, Dr. Ivy Kellerman-Reed. More complete beginner's text. 142 pp. (war-time edition), formerly .75c, now only .50c STEP BY STEP IN ESPERANTO, M. C. Butler. Excellent simple text with in- struction and numerous exercises. 244 pp. ..............Paper, ,85c; Cloth, $1.25 PRACTICAL ESPERANTO, Dr. Wm. S. Benson. Unique picture-method with 650 illustrations, English text, and Vocabulary. 80 pp......................25c UNIVERSALA ESPERANTO-METODO, Dr. Wm. S. Benson. "The only book of its kind in the world". 11,000 pictures. Pronunciation of Esperanto alphabet and tables of correlatives in 36 languages. Direct picture-method of instruction and definition. Complete textbook, reader, dictionary (fully illustrated with common words given in 40 languages), and index. A unique and encyclopedic book. 5Ĉ0 pp........................... cloth bound, stamped in gold $4.00 ESPERANTO, G. Alan Connor & Doris T. Connor. (World Language Series, edited by Prof. Mario A. Pei). A practical introduction to Esperanto, and systematic phrase-book. 32 pp......................................... .65c LANGUAGES FOR WAR AND PEACE, Mario A. Pei, Ph.D. Guide to languages of entire world, inch Esperanto (see above). 663 pp.................cloth $5.00 ESPERANTO GRAMMAR & COMMENTARY, by Major-General Cox. A com- plete analysis of Esperanto grammar, with helpful lists and examples. ..Cloth $2.00 ESPERANTO KEY (English). Esperanto in miniature. .. .10c; 3 for .20c; 10 for .50c 10-in-l DICTIONARY OF BASIC LANGUAGE, French, German, Spanish, Ital- ian, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Portuguese, Esperanto, 10 languages, including Esperanto, in a nutshell. 110 pp. .......... Paper .50c; Cloth $1.50 EDINBURGH DICTIONARY, Eng-Esp and Esp-Eng, 288 pp, best concise diet... $1.00 AMERICAN POCKET DICTIONARY, Carl Froding. Esp-Eng & Eng-Esp. Be- ginner's pocket companion. 80 pp. (war-time edition) .....................30c MILLIDGE ESPERANTO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. 1942 edition. 490 pp. Cloth $3.50 ESPERANTISMO, I. Gomes Braga. Miscellaneous articles about Esperanto move- ment, in easy excellent Esperanto. Recommended for individual, class, or club reading practice. 32 pp....................................15c, 10 for $1.00 ESPERANTO-SORTIMENTO: Princo Vane', Putnam-Bates; Blanche, Payson; Miserere kaj Thais, Payson; La Rozujo Ĉiumiljara, Payson; La Akrobato de Nia Sinjorino. Payson, La Mopso de la Qnklo. Good Esperanto reading at bargain prices to reduce stocks........................ ,25c each; all 6 for $1.00 SEP VANGOFRAPOJ, Karlo Aszlanyi. Most recent novel of the "Epoko Series". Translated from the Hungarian. 145 pp.................................75c "LIFE OF ZAMENHOF" (English) $1.25. "VIVO DEZAMENHOF" (Esperanto) $1.25 LA FINO, by Count Bernadotte, world best-seller, popular edition, paper........ $1.00 JUNECO KAJ AMO (Legendo el Venecio), Edw. S. Payson...........Cloth .50c THE LANGUAGE PROBLEM, Its History and Solution, E. D. Durrant. Highly recommended, complete treatise, with index. 168 pp................. Cloth $1.50 "LA ESPERO" & "LA VOJO." Two separate Esperanto songs, with words and music for piano ............................................ Both for .25c INDIAN BEAD STARS. White background with green star in center........ .75c YOUR MEMBERSHIP EN E. A. N. A. WII2L BE APPRECIATED Membership, with "American Esperantist," $2.00 per year. Sustaining Mem- ber, annually, $5.00. Patron Member, annually, $10.00. Life Member, one pay- ment, $100.00. All memberships include "American Esperantist." Your mem- bership in one of the higher brackets mil greatly aid in the promotion «* Esperanto in North America. Send your membership dues to: ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA 114 W. 16 St, New York 11, N. v DR. ZAMENHOF SAID: "Only a neutral language which belongs to none of the living nations, can be a suitable international language. It is self-evident that the people whose language were chosen as international would soon acquire a great predominance over all other peoples." "We constantly repeat that we do not at all wish to interfere in the internal life of peoples, but only to cre- ate a connecting bridge between them. We wish to create a neutral foundation on which the various peo- ples can communicate with one another in peace and brotherhood without forcing the ethnic characteristics of one people upon others." "Among Esperantists there are no stronger or weaker, privileged or unprivileged nations; no one is humiliated, no one is ashamed. All of us, with full equality and on a basis of neutrality, feel ourselves to be members of one nation ('one world*) and members of one human family." "A whole hundred sensational inventions will not cause such a great and beneficent revolution in the life of momkind as the introduction of the neutral interna- tional language. Thanks to Esperanto it is possible for all peoples to understand one another, and the world will sooner or later become one great human family consisting of different ethnic groups, internally with different languages, but externally with the same interlanguage." —Quoted from "Pensoj de Zamenhof", published by the Swiss Esperanto Society, 1945. The booklet may be secured from the American Esperantist at 35c per copy. H. G. Publishing Co.