INTERLANGUAGE AMERICAN ESPERANTIST WORLD SPEECH—OPEN LETTER To an English-Speaking Friend By Francisco Azorin Gallup Poll on World Language 71 PerCent Say "Yes" Former Quiz Kid an Esperantist Entirely Self-Taught La Ordinara Homo (Dua Parto) Henry Aaard Wallace AMERIKA MM) Ofciala Organo de la ESPERANTO ASOCIO de NORD-AMERIKO JAN—FEB, 1946 Twenty-five Cents Address communications to: AMERICAN ESPERANTIST Vol. 61 G. ALAN CONNOR, Editor Nos. 1-2 114 West 16th Street New York 11, N. Y. Associate Editors: Dr. W. Solzbacher, Doris Tappan Connor, Pauline Knight, Viktoro Murajo, China: The Very Rev. Dr. John B. Kao. Eire: Lorcan O hUiginn, P.C.T. Italy: The Very Rev. Gabriel N. Pausback. CONTENTS — ENHAVO The International Language — Open Letter .... Francisco Azorin 1 Gallup Poll on World Language...............3 Former Quiz Kid is an Esperantist........Armin F, Doneis 4 Language-Learning and Esperanto......Professor Frank Tomicb 5 Why Not "Basic Esperanto"?..........David M. Earl 6 World-Wide Book Circulation via Esperanto...........8 World Charter and World Language..............9 News Behind the News..................9 Esperanto in Action...................10 Around the World...................11 The Editor's Desk ...................12 EANA Honor Roll...................13 Morto kaj Vivo — Rememoroj el Alia Mondo.....W, Solzbacher 15 La Jarcento de la Ordinara Homo........Henry A. Wallace 17 The Esperanto Student...............D. T. C. 19 Al Mia Buĉistino — Poemo.........Raymond Schwartz 20 Kiel Pagi el Eksterlando?.................20 Legendo pri la Ŝtona Elefanto........Natalie Weiffenhach 21 Esperanto-Kroniko ..................22-23 New Esperanto Classes..................24 Deziras Korespondi...................24 American Esperantist published bi-monthly for the Esperanto Associ- ation of North America, by the Esperanto Interlanguage Institute. Jarabono el iu lando, $1.50. Membreco, $2. El iandoj kie estas neeble sendi monon, AE akceptos bonajn Espo-librojn, kaj etendas la abonon laŭvalore. Make Checks Payable to Order of the Editor — C7. Alan Connor. Library & Gift Subs, $1.00. Regular Sub, $1.50 With Membership in E.A.N.A. — $2.00 per Year Vol. 61 AMERICAN ESPERANT1ST JANUARY-FEBRUARY, 1946 Nos. 1-2 "THE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE" AN OPEN LETTER TO AN ENGLISH-SPEAKING FRIEND Francisco Azorin This is a brief for all non-English-speaking peoples re the proposal that English be the world tongue. Francisco Azorin was former Councilor of the City of Cordoba, Spain, and Deputy of the Spanish Parliament. Among his published works is the important eight-language Architectural Terminology, with Esperanto as the text language. We reprint this article in English from the Esperanto original in the Mexican journal Renovigo. Yes, my friend, technology has united mankind on the material plane. Our post-war task is now to forge moral unification. Otherwise, peace will not endure! That task requires the consideration of a great many social problems; not only between governments, but be- tween all of us as common citizens. Naturally, to facilitate direct inter- change of thought, we need an inter- national language. During the first centuries of our era the Latin language played that role. The Roman legions conquered the whole of the then-known world, and their language was disseminated so thoroughly that during the middle ages every document of universal im- portance was written in Latin. Even today the Catholic Church still of- ficiates in Latin. The Spanish language became in- ternational during the Renaissance. Spanish adventurers circled the globe, and as a result their language be- came the chief instrument of inter- comprehension in Europe, Asia, Af- rica and Oceania. It continues as the official language for more than twenty nations. Napoleon swept through with his armies from Gibraltar to Moscow. His French language, along with the ideas of the Encyclopedists and revo- lutionaries, infiltrated into universal culture. And up to our present epoch, it held sway as a language of tour- ists and diplomats. Now, the English language has achieved first place. The English- speaking peoples triumphed in the recent world-war, thereby greatly ex- panding their universal influence. As a consequence, admiring opportunists will suggest that they should profit by the occasion and impose the Eng- lish language as the international language. Others, conscious of the difficulties and complexities of the English language, propose for that role a form of clever extract called "Basic English", as sufficient for us — the inferiors — to make our- selves understood before the English metropolitans. I declare to you, dear friend, that I have no antipathy to the English language. If, among other blemishes, it has a confused phonetic system, it undoubtedly has a rich vocabulary for lexicographers, it is very expres- sive when used by talented writers, and it is sweet when spoken by little girls. Neither do I disdain the Eng- lish peoples, in spite of the accu- sation about imperialism, because I would indeed wish for a basis for 1 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST the most intimate union of all nations which would be all-inclusive in principle. But, consider! Let me call your attention to the fact that the English- speaking peoples won the war with the help of the Russians, who in their turn immediately imposed the Russian language as official for inter- national meetings and documents; also with the help of the Chinese peoples, about 500,000,000, whose language, therefore, implies some- thing; and with the help of Spanish- speaking nations; etc, etc. Besides all this, the languages which have played an international r61e will not resign their God-given missions as culmral instrumentalities. And the languages of the conquered lands, undoubtedly, will strive to sur- vive with the cultures which they symbolize. Even the most modest languages have the right to dream of sometime being heard universally. Nevertheless, the English-speaking peoples can, in accordance with his- torical tradition, seek to impose their language everywhere (since they are the victors). In all probability, that will humiliate friends and excite riv- als and, during the struggle, moral peace, justice and equity will suffer — all those things which we wish to establish. However, the language Babel is a problem readily solvable. It would seem to be not unlike other social problems! No language imposition, firstly. Let us adopt a neutral tongue, allow- ing the national languages to main- tain equal status, to the end that we can enjoy a non-partisan arena for cultural deliberation. And a few technical conditions: An international language must be simple and easy, so that the process of learning will not over-burden the mind. Because of that factor a nat- ural language, planlessly evolved layer-upon-layer by peoples and writ- ers, does not answer the purpose. We need an interlanguage produced by art, scientifically eUaborated. An international language must also be precise, complete, with tech- nical terminologies, because the lan- guage needed is not a jargon or col- lection of terms, but a most delicate culmral instrument. Finally, an international language must be harmonious, euphonious; because it will be utilized not only for technics or dry commerce, but for fluent song, poetry and love. These conditions actually define ESPERANTO. It is a neutral lan- guage, everybody's yet nobody's, and it is simplified to sixteen rules which have no exceptions. It is precise with technical terminologies, and it is euphonious as has been demonstrat- ed at twenty international congresses and in some thousands of literary works. Because of all that, many impor- tant personages have expressed opin- ions favorable to Esperanto. Because of all that, Esperantist pioneers sup- port propaganda associations in all lands — including your own country, of course — associations which you should join. Because of all that, Es- peranto has survived through the ter- rible hurricanes which we have suf- fered, while all rival, soulless pro- jects have wilted and died. Therefore, the prime problem, the language Babel, has an effective so- lution. It remains only that a highly responsible government — why not an English-speaking government? — propose it nobly and unselfishly to the others. And after the undoubted agreement which would result, re- produce phonograph disks and Es- peranto primers, and distribute them to all schools everywhere. In half a year, more or less, the human THE INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGE family would be able to begin direct I. come to a close, my friend, conversation one with another. Then, Everyone who sincerely desires to a condition not sufficient in itself, bring order out of the present con- but absolutely essential for the moral fusion should bear in mind that, "In unity of Humanity, will reign! the beginning was the Word". GALLUP POLL ON WORLD LANGUAGE 71% of all Americans believe that an international language should be taught in schools, 60% think that the introduction of an international language would increase the chances of maintaining world peace, and 2% believe at present that the language to be taught should be Esperanto. These figures, released by the Amer- ican Institute of Public Opinion on December 1, 1945, are the results of a nation-wide Gallup poll. They should, of course, be accepted with the same qualifications and reserva- tions as all public opinion polls. The idea for the poll was in part prompted by President Truman's re- cent interview on the language diffi- culties at international gatherings (see American Esperantist, Novem- ber-December 1945). The first ques- tion was: "Should the school child- ren in all countries be required to learn, in addition to their own lan- guage, some one language which would be understood in all countries, so that people of every nation could understand one another better?" The answers were: 71% Yes, 17% No, 12% No Opinion. 57% of those pol- led believed that "the United Nations should appoint a group to study var- ious languages and select one to use" fot the auxiliary. The third question, the most spe- cific, was: "If some language other than ours were selected, which one would you choose?" 19% indicated French, 19% Spanish, 5% German (!), 3% Russian, 2% Latin, 2% Esperanto; 6% of the replies were "miscellaneous", and 19% indicated no choice. Most of those who replied to this question never actually studied the problem and were giving a good guess rather than a considered opin- ion. The 2% vote for Esperanto (3.6% of those who indicated a choice or preference) means neither that only 2% of the American people are willing to support Esperanto, once the case has been put before them in a sensible way, nor that 2% of all Americans are now going to mail in application forms for membership in the Esperanto Associ- ation. The discovery that 71 % of all Americans seem to recognize the urgent need for an international lan- guage shows, however, that the time is ripe for presenting public opinion with all the facts and arguments relevant for an intelligent judgement. The nation-wide percentage of the Gallup Poll (71%) is only slightly smaller than the state-wide percen- tage obtained a year ago by the Min- nesota Poll of Public Opinion for an affirmative answer to a similar question (74 % ), as reported and analyzed in this journal in January- February 1945. It would be interesting to have more details on the recent Gallup poll. If such additional material can be secured, the "American Es- perantist" will be pleased to publish a more complete and thorough analysis. FORMER QUIZ KID IS AN ESPERANTIST Armin F. Doneis If one were to wander along un- der the palms and mesquite trees near Santa Gertrudis Street in Kings- ville, Texas, one might catch snat- ches of Esperanto conversation eman- ating from a nearby house; or one might get a fleeting glimpse of a brilliant green Esperanto bicycle guided by the masterful hand of fourteen-year-old Richard Earnhart, former Quiz Kid. If you can catch his eye and flash a green star at Richard, he'll drop everything else to converse with you in Esperanto, and you'll find that his pronunciation and mastery of the interlanguage are a surprise and a delight! Richard will tell you, as he proud- ly displays a green star in his but- ton-hole, that he first learned of Esperanto about four years ago in El Paso, while preparing to win first prize in the national contest of the Scripps-Howard spelling bee in Washington, D. C. He was poring over an encyclopedia when the name "Esperanto" caught his eye. He was intrigued, and secured some Espe- ranto textbooks at the public library. Books were his only tutors in Espe- ranto, but to hear him "speak it like a native" attests to the speed and the thoroughness with which he mas- tered it. The mental horizons of Richard Earnhart extend far bevond the bor- ders of the Lone Star State and out to other continents where he cor- responds in Esperanto with wide- awake youngsters. He exchanges let- ters on science and science-fiction, and Esperanto serves as his key of friendship in many foreign lands. Nor does he neglect the folks at home. He has convincingly present- ed the merits of Esperanto to his parents and his younger sister, Syl- via, to the point where they, too, are undertaking the study of the aux- iliary international language. There's nothing exclusive about Richard Earnhart and his Esperanto enthusi- asm; he's willing and eager to share Esperanto's advantages with his class- mates, and teachers, and is now gath- ering material for an Esperanto Ex- hibit to demonstrate the virtues of Esperanto among Texas folk. Unassuming as he is, Richard is no ordinary boy. If you pressed him hard, he would admit that he appeared twice during 1942 on the national Quiz Kid radio program; that he won $500 and a trip to New York with his teacher as first prize in the national spelling contest; that he has consistently taken high honors in all his classes in spite of frequent change of schools; and that he com- pleted three terms of work in his first term of school life. But books are not his only friends. Richard has found a warm place in the af- fections of his classmates in high- school. This popularity they mani- fested recently by electing him sec- retary-treasurer of their sophomore class. Richard insists that there's nothing unusual in his interest in Esperanto. He sees no reason why most other boys and girls don't as quickly grasp the importance of Esperanto and avail themselves of its unique quali- ties and potentialities. He looks at his Green Star and muses over the great benefits which Esperanto can bring to humanity, and he gets that far-off look when he thinks of his many foreign friends in the Esperan- to movement. I want to present Richard Earn- hart as an excellent example for all new Esperantists (and some of the old ones too) of what "any red- FORMER QUIZ KID IS AN ESPERANTIST 5 blooded American" can do to ac- quire a useful and satisfying know- ledge of Esperanto in a short time when he sets his mind to it. Where- as most novices of the international language are situated where they have access to an Esperanto Club, or can secure the help and prodding of an instructor to aid them in the mastery of Esperanto, Richard, on the other hand, studied it intensively for one year with nobody's help or encourage- ment. While under favorable con- ditions the "mortality" among stud- ents in any language-course is high, and some of those who survive may only stammer a few parrot - like phrases, Richard's case is exemplary in that he became adept thru thor- ough study and careful use of Es- peranto, all by himself, in something over a year's time. LANGUAGE-LEARNING AND ESPERANTO Professor Frank Tomich Venn College, Cleveland, Ohio A cultured writer has said that language is the medium of communi- cating to others our thoughts, feel- ings and desires through spoken words. It seems to me, therefore, that it is of the highest importance that the student should apprehend this nature and office of language at the very beginning of his studies of foreign tongues. To the degree in which the first new language which the student be- gins to learn, aside from his own vernacular, can be shown to him to be capable of performing this mis- sion, — to the degree in which he can be made to see that all his thoughts, emotions and desires, which he expresses fully and completely in English, can be disrobed of their English dress, and can be enrobed in the garb of another language — to that degree will he apprehend the nature and office of the new lan- guage; and in return, to that degree will his studies in the new language aid him in understanding the nature and office of his own vernacular, and, finally, of language in general. The latter condition can be met in a high degree in the study of a living language, but, (nota bene) in the highest degree only in the study of Esperanto, because only Es- peranto is the expression of a con- cert of civilizations that are not very different from our own. By no means can this condition be fully met in studying a language which has ceased to be spoken, and which, when spoken, was the expression of a civilization that was essentially dif- ferent from our own. In order to impress most effec- tually upon the mind of the young student a clear idea of the nature and office of Esperanto, and of the difference between his vernacular or French, Italian, Spanish, etc., it is important that he should continue the study of Esperanto only, until he realizes that everything he says in English can also be said in Esperan- to (and sometimes very much clear- er). With this thought fully fixed in his mind, and fully realized in his practice, each new language that is afterward commenced will be ac- quired with increasing facility and in shorter time. WHY NOT "BASIC ESPERANTO"? David M. Earl For seven weeks in the summer of 1945, I had the assignment of teaching Basic English to Chinese sailors. The course was fairly inten- sive, involving three hours teaching per day, five days a week, and was under the personal supervision of Dr. I. A. Richards and his staff. As this is an experience which comparatively few Esperantists have had, perhaps my conclusions may be of interest to others. I feel that if we approach the question from an unemotional standpoint, we may be able to learn something of value from this sup- posed rival of Esperanto. I completed my work with a new sense of the value of the direct meth- od in teaching any language; and of the extreme difficulty of teaching English by any method. The inad- equacies of English as an international language showed up in bold relief from the first day: irregular plurals (this, these; that, those) and verb forms (is, am, are). Later, of course, the obstacles of erratic spelling cau- sed their usual headaches. Even as- suming that these problems were mas- tered by the Chinese sailors, (which was frequently not the case) the fact soon became evident that Basic's sup- posed economy of vocabulary has been achieved by using every word in as many idiomatic ways as pos- sible, exploiting its irregular appli- cations and thereby claiming a sav- ing. So the Basic dictionary tells us that "plane" may be either a flat surface or a carpenter's tool; and that if we place the word "air" before it, we have a flying machine. Since both "air" and "plane" are basic words, "airplane" is a simple com- pound not included in the well- known 850. Such uses of English homonyms are too frequent in Basic not to have been intentional. It is at least open to question whether a person with no knowledge of Euro- pean language customs finds it easi- er to learn that "right" means both a direction and a condition, or to learn the two words "dekstra" and "prava". If he does master the two meanings of "right", his next prob- lem becomes the determination of whether the opposite will be "left" or "wrong". I was gratified to notice that the grammatical mistakes made by my pupils were frequendy in the direc- tion of logicality — mistakes not of thought but only because of the pe- culiarities of English — and on some occasions I gained a somewhat rue- ful amusement from the fact that sentences written with mistakes in English would not have been wrong in Esperanto. One example comes readily to my mind: "Before six months I was in China." Since, during the same period (but on my own time), I was teaching a Cseh-method Esperanto course to Americans, a comparison was more readily made than might otherwise have been possible. I found the direct method outlined by Dr. Rich- ards similar in many ways to the Cseh system; the chief difference being that the Richards course in- volves less conversation and more reading of textual material. At the same time, he places great emphasis on acting out the material in front of the class, to be done by the stud- ents themselves; an excellent ap- proach. Out of this interesting and valu- able experience have come certain conclusions. First, Basic appears to be a well-planned system of teach- ing the English language, but it is not a solution to the problem of choosing a world auxiliary. We as WHY NOT "BASIC ESPERANTO"? Esperantists would do well to stress this attitude: that Basic can be no rival to Esperanto because it is es- sentially a method of introducing English, not an entity in itself. Al- tho this opinion may not be accept- ed by Ogden, it is clearly stated by Dr. Richards in his book "Basic English and Its Uses": "We should be poor servants of the future if in spreading the English language we impaired it. Happily the very con- stitution of Basic English makes it an influence tending in the other direction. It is no rival to or sub- stitute for an ampler English, where the use of that is feasible. It is an introduction and an exploratory in- strument." (pp. 6-7) "No one who knows Basic will willingly confine himself to it — except for special purposes." (p. 128) In the second place, we can as Esperantists advance the popular ap- peal of what we have to offer the world, by teaching a streamlined, minimum, practical vocabulary. Just as Basic is fundamentally the English language adapted to beginners, we can and should prepare an adaptation of Esperanto to beginners. I propose the judicious choosing of one thous- and roots, to be used in beginners' texts and in a series of interesting reading-books which would give new Esperantists an immediate use for their knowledge. Esperantists realize that because of its ingenious use of affixes, 1000 roots in their language can do the work of possibly 5000 words in any other language. The possibilities are unlimited; we can emphasize that by learning approximately the same number of words as in Basic, one will have not a cut-off stump of a language, but a full and rich means of human communication. This could be regularized and utilized as a selling point, with an abundance of literature available for such per- sons at their achievment level. We would possibly find a great percent- age of students retaining their in- terest — and ultimately going on to the full language. Those who have litde time or inclination for further study would at least have definite value for the effort expended. With regard to correspondence, it is safe to say that most letters and post cards written by common people turnout the world are on a vocabulary level considerably lower than would be achieved by 1000 Esperanto words. A beginning in this direction was made by Julio Baghy, who wrote "La Verda Koro" (an excellent no- velette) with a vocabulary of under 1000 roots. Andreo Cseh's elemen- tary course also includes substantially fewer than 1000 words. It goes without saying that this "Milvorta Esperanto" could not be presented as a rival to or substitute for full Esperanto; it would be employed only as an aid in teaching, and as an as- sistance to the large army of persons who agree with the international lan- guage ideal, are willing to devote a certain amount of energy to it, but for various reasons can not or will not spend several hours each day. In the meantime, I have already started to collect material for a ten- tative list, and will be grateful for all comments, criticisms and sugges- tions, either for or against the pro- posal. All those interested may address: David M. Earl, 2387 Woodstock Dr., Detroit 3, Michigan. SCOUTS: "Be Prepared" for the World Jamboree in France, August 1947. Esperanto will be used, and an Esperanto prospectus will be printed. Concepcion Arenal, the Spanish author, has said: "The Universal Language will be. When? A little sooner or a little later, according to the good or ill will of the people, who in this as in all big things can only retard its success, to their shame, or hasten it, to their glory." WORLD-WIDE BOOK CIRCULATION VIA ESPERANTO Count Folke Bernadotte's exciting story about his negotiations with Ge- stapo Chief Heinrich Himmler, For- eign Minister Joachim von Ribben- trop, and other Nazi bigshots, in the spring of 1945, has become a world bestseller and has been translated in- to many languages. The first for- eign language edition to reach the market, almost immediately after the Swedish original, was not in English or French, but in Esperanto. It was skilfully and rapidly prepared by die novelist Stellan Engholm and pub- lished by the Esperanto Book Club "Stelo-Libro" in Stockholm. The Es- peranto edition was followed by trans- lations in Danish, Finnish, Norwegi- an, Spanish (Argentina), Portuguese (Brazil), English (Great Britain), French, German (Switzerland), Span- ish (Spain), Czech, and English (United States). The Esperanto edition was able to appear first because it had several obvious advantages over the others. It was translated and printed in Stockholm, so the translator could keep in touch, by telephone, with the author and the publisher. The orig- inal plates could be used for the photographs, and it was possible to follow the Swedish original even in matters of typographical presentation. The translation is excellent and at the same time much more litteral than, for instance, the English trans- lation. In Swedish the book is en- titled "Slutet" ("The End"), there- fore the Esperanto edition is named "La Fino". The American publisher chose "The Curtain Falls", apparently because he liked the title of Quentin Reynold's bestseller, "The Curtain Rises". "La Fino" is not the first example of an Esperanto edition appearing before all other translations. When, about ten years ago, the sensational documents on the Andree North Pole Expedition were discovered, and published in Stockholm, the Esperan- to edition, a volume of 411 pages, was the first to reach the market, immediately after the Swedish origi- nal. Other topical books whose Es- peranto translations had great suc- cess included "Europe on the Rim of the Abyss", by the former Italian Prime Minister, Francesco Nitti, the Dutch author Jef Last's "Spanish Tragedy", and the French Senator Honorat's book on "Security". Esperanto as a medium for the worldwide diffusion of topical books, in particular when the language of the original is not widely understood, has proved its value in the past and has even greater possibilities in the future, especially when international postal communications improve and obstacles to the payment of bills from one country to another disap- pear. —W. S. "LA FINO" may be ordered from the "American Esperantist" at $2.25 for clothbound, and $1.75 for the paper edition. WORLD CHARTER AND WORLD LANGUAGE Like the League of Nations Cove- nant, which remained silent on the language problem because no agree- ment could be reached on this point among the Big Four at Versailles, the San Francisco Charter does not spec- ify which languages are to be used by the different organs of the United Nations. This is to be decided by "rules of procedure": "The General Assembly shall adopt its own rules of procedure." (Art. 21). "The Se- curity Council shall adopt its own rules of procedure" (Art. 30). "The Economic and Social Council shall adopt its own rules and procedures" (Art. 72). "The Trusteeship Council shall adopt its own rules of proced- ure" (Art. 90). The only exception is the Statute of the International Court of Justice, which is in most respects a mere copy of the Statute of the Hague World Court. Its Article 39 states: "The official languages of the Court shall be French and English. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in French, the judgment shall be delivered in French. If the parties agree that the case shall be conducted in English, the judgment shall be delivered in English. In the absence of an agreement as to which language shall be employed, each par- ty may, in the pleadings, use the lan- guage which it prefers; the decision of the Court shall be given in French and English. In this case the Court shall at the same time determine which of the two texts shall be con- sidered as authoritative. The Court shall, at the request of any party, authorize a language other than French or English to be used by that party." Article 111 of the San Francisco Charter declares: "The present Char- ter, of which the Chinese, French, Russian, English, and Spanish texts are equally authentic, shall remain deposited in the archives of the Government of the United States of America." If this is an indication of the languages to be used officially and permanently by the United Na- tions, matters are likely to become extremely complicated from the lin- guistic point of view. There will un- doubtedly be plenty of opportunities to demonstrate the need for the neu- tral and easy-to-learn Interlanguage: Esperanto. NEWS BEHIND THE NEWS Over the Moscow radio, in a youth program, Professor Herzog re- cently discussed "the origin of lan- guage". He declared: "We are mov- ing towards the elaboration of one universal language. Russian schol- ars are working on this problem." In a similar way, according to a Moscow AP dispatch of December 2, the language problem was men- tioned by the Chief Executive of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Kalinin, in an address to the 14th plenary session of the Komsomol. The Pre- sident of the Central Executive Com- mittee of the USSR "advised Soviet youth to become better acquainted with the languages, customs and character of foreign peoples, in view of Russia's expanding international contacts." In this connection it may be pointed out that Dr. L. L. Zamenhof's first book presenting Esperanto to the world was printed in Russian and that the Esperanto movement, in the first ten years of its existence, had its greatest strength in Russia. ESPERANTO IN ACTION Daily news broadcasts in Esperan- to, sponsored by the Czechoslovak Government, were started recently over shortwave (31-41) as well as over the Prague long-wave transmit- ter (1571 meters). A. Malik is the Esperanto news analyst. In addition to this Government program, broad- cast daily from 5:00 to 5:15 P.M. (American Eastern Standard Time), two weekly programs, sponsored by the Czechoslovak Esperanto Associa- tion, are broadcast over two Prague wave-lengths simultaneously (470.2 and 1571) on Mondays and Thurs- days, from 4:20 to 4:30 P.M. It is now learned that some Esperanto groups , carried on underground in Czechoslovakia. Revived Esperanto Clubs are making their appearance everywhere. The forthcoming publi- cation of a Czech Esperanto journal, "Ĉeha Esperantisto," was announced recently. The most important Espe- ranto news from Czechoslovakia is probably the introduction of Espe- ranto into the curriculum of the eve- ning classes (Labor Schools) of the Labor Unions (URO). The Educa- tional Commission of the Labor Unions, after having taken this de- cision, made the following statement: "As our schools exist in all cities and towns of any importance in Bohemia and Moravia, the diffusion of the knowledge of Esperanto will thus be assured on a larger scale than for- merly." • The Greek Esperanto journal, "He- lena Esperantisto," has resumed pub- lication in Athens under the editor- ship of Dr. Anakreon Stamatiadis. It tells of several Esperanto classes taught in schools, with the permis- sion of the Government. The most recent addition to these Esperanto classes is one, with about 50 students, at the Vouliagmenes Orphanage in Athens. The Danish Esperantists seem to be practical idealists. Immediately af- ter the liberation of the starving Netherlands, large quantities of food were sent to the Dutch Esperanto organizations under the direction of Dr. Paul Neergaard. This was fol- lowed by shipments of pots and pans, knives and forks, house and garden tools. "Dansk Esperanto Blad" tells of the visit to Copenhagen of Mr. James D. Sayers, former President of the New York Esperanto Society, now in U. S. Government service. Another foreign visitor was Mr. A. Fridenbergs, a lawyer from Riga and a former President of die Latvian Esperanto Society. He is one of 2,000 Latvian refugees now in Denmark and is Vice-President of their Com- mittee. * In France, Esperanto classes are now being organized everywhere. In historical Aries, a class with 45 stu- dents is sponsored by the Chamber of Commerce. In Paris, in addition to many classes set up by Esperanto organizations, four Esperanto classes are held under the auspices of the influential Association Polytechnique (Engineering Society). The Medical Journal of Lyon has offered a prize of 1,000 Francs to the first medical student practising at a Lyon hospital to pass the advanced Esperanto ex- amination. The President of the Uni- versity of Lyon, Professor Alix, pre- sided in person over aymeeting of the University Esperanto Club. The City Administration of Lyd^ sponsors an official Esperanto class at the Martiniere Vocational School. At Me- geve, 180 children are taught Espe- ranto in 9 school classes; there are 2 classes for grown-ups in the same town. At Brest and Quimper, Brit- tany, Esperanto is taught in 4 high schools to about 150 students. Other cities are starting classes. 10 AROUND THE WORLD More than 25 new Esperanto jour- nals began publication during the last year, most of them in the lib- erated countries of Europe: France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Nor- way, Finland, Czechoslovakia, Bul- garia, Greece. The world-wide Espe- ranto press will soon be more nu- merous and better than it was be- fore the war. Some of our colleagues have been printing extremely friendly comments on the "American Esperan- tist." The "British Esperantist," for instance, called the "AE" "one of the liveliest journals in the Esperanto movement" and said that "the Amer- ican Esperantists can be proud of it." In Belgium, "Paco kaj Justeco" called this journal "perhaps the best edited Esperanto periodical now published." The editors and publishers of "AE" will certainly do their best to justify such praise. They confess, however, that they feel some envy when they see that the "Laborista Esperantisto," of Amsterdam, Holland, only a few months after Holland's liberation, has a circulation of 3,500. Someone fig- ured out that, as the population of the United States and Canada is about 17 times as large as that of the Neth- erlands, the "American Esperantist" should have a circulation of at least 59,500. America must try to catch up with progress in Europe. • The International Esperanto League, with headquarters at Rickmansworth, near London, England, has recently been greatly extending its network of Delegates. While in 1944 the sec- ond part of the Year Book contained only 7 pages of additions to the list of Delegates, the second part of the 1945 Year Book contained 24 pages of such additions. The IEL journal, "Esperanto Internacia," which ap- peared every second month during the war, has resumed monthly pub- lication. The Third Argentine Esperanto Congress was held with great suc- cess in Rosario, the second largest city in the Republic. The general public, the press, and the local and national radio stations took a keen interest in the event. Among the guests of honor was the Very Rev- erend J. B. Kao, O.F.M., a promi- nent Chinese Esperantist, now travel- ing in South America on behalf of the Chinese Relief Commission. Fa- ther Kao is a Corresponding Editor of the "American Esperantist." Dur- ing the Congress, he delivered 12 lectures over 4 different radio sta- tions and at public meetings. For 1946, the Argentine Esperanto Asso- ciation plans a Conference of Dele- gates, to be held at Cordoba. • A Green Star Bishop is the Most Reverend Anthony Eltschkner in Cze- choslovakia. According to recent re- ports he has been appointed by the Pope Bishop of his native diocese of Hradec Kralove, the second lar- gest in Bohemia, as successor to Bishop Picha who has become Arch- bishop of Prague. Bishop Eltsch- kner has been active in the Catholic as well as the neutral Esperanto movement for many years. When in 1933 the Pope appointed him Titular Bishop of Zephyrium (Asia Minor) and Auxiliary Bishop of Prague, he put the Green Star of Esperanto into his episcopal coat-of- arms. Bishop Eltschkner was a great friend of the Catholic Esperanto magazine "Espero Katolika" which was being published at Brno, Czecho- slovakia, before the Nazi invasion. We understand that plans are under way for publishing this journal again in Belgium. "Espero Katolika," which was published successively in France, Holland, Austria, Spainf^nfd Czecho- slovakia, received the blessings of three popes and many bishops. • 11 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST G. Alan Connor, Editor 114 West 16th Street New York 11, N. Y. THE EDITOR'S DESK THE NEW YEAR The Staff of AE wishes to sincerely thank its members and subscribers who have so greatly supported every effort to advance Esperanto. All have shown wonderful understanding about the innumerable difficulties involved in starting a new "push" for Espe- ranto during the trying war and post- war years. Now the new EANA Of- fice is beginning to settle down to the work ahead. . New members are coming in, and old members are sending us active support in many ways. Many pay dues as Patrons and Sustainers. This is important support during these years of steadily rising printing costs. The dollar now buys only about fifty- cents' worth. The Central Office is tremendously encouraged by an in- creasing number who are making up for the fifty-cent dollar, by donations to the Esperanto Publicity Fund, li- brary gift subscriptions, and securing memberships and subscriptions from friends and neighbors. Mrs. Flora Wyman sets the pace in our Publicity Campaign by invit- ing others to join her in sending $100 to die Fund. After the truly splendid response thus far to Hal Ewen's ap- peal, we feel certain that Mrs. Wy- man will not be disappointed. In general, we can look ahead with con- fidence to steadily increasing support, and by the same token steadily in- creasing effectiveness in the promo- tion of Esperanto. Never was there a more auspicious moment in his- tory to "Forge Ahead!" for the final triumph of Esperanto. Together we can make it a most successful New Year. ESPERANTO CLUBS New Esperanto Societies and Class- es are being reported from all over the country. It is important that we knit all these activities into coopera- tive endeavors for Esperanto Action. EANA must establish a "clearing house." The Central Office has ap- pointed Pauline Knight, Assistant Secretary for Clubs, to compile a Club Directory in AE; to correspond with Club Secretaries, to aid in providing the hundred and one services which wiE foster and coordinate Esperanto Club work. Let us begin by asking you to send in at once: 1) The name of your society or class, 2) the Sec- retary's name and address, 3) the time of meeting, and aU pertinent details to aid in printing an adequate Directory. Address either the Gen- eral Secretary or the Assistant Secre- tary for Clubs, American Esperantist, 11.4 West 16 St., New York 11, NY. USE THE "AE" Members write to us saying that the American Esperantist is the best possible booklet for. use in promoting Esperanto. They point out that it is living proof of the vitality and the quality of Esperanto. After looking through a copy of "AE," no one can doubt the living fact of development toward a complete solution of the international language problem. Let's put our quality magazine to work making Esperantists! We offer copies at 5 for $1, or 12 for $2. Present them to important contacts in your city. Get them to subscribe. Use the "AE"! Let every member consider himself a Committee of One to double the circulation of "AE." LA STABO DE "AE" DEZIRAS AL VI FELICAN NOVJARON 12 The Esperanto Association of North America EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE Dr. Cecil Stockard, President, G. Alan Connor, Gen. Sec'y, Joseph Leahy, Member EANA HONOR ROLL EANA thanks the following members who are actively on the rolls as Patrons and Sustainers at the close of the year 1945. Their unstinting support as members in the higher brackets, makes it possible to publish an improved "AE". We trust that many more will add their names to the Honor Roll in the new year, to aid in maintaining an effective organization and magazine. Patron Membership, $10 William G. Adams Robert Alberg Anonymous Clement Ayers Dr. Luella K. Beecher Boston Esperanto Society Dr. Ferdinand W. Breth Prof. Edwin L. Clarke Ernest G. Dodge Armin F. Doneis Esperanto-Klubo Harmonio Esperanto-Klubo Los Angeles Esperanto Society of Detroit Esperanto Society of N. Y. Dr. G. P. Ferree J. H. Furay Wm. H. Gix Robert Karlson Howard E. Latham Fred H. McMann Fritz Mitsche Joseph H. Murray Henry I. Nagin Wm. B. Patzer Charles Ramsay Bernice Rayburn Lt. Charles E. Simon Dr. W. Solzbacher Mrs. Cecil Stockard Prof. Frank Tomich Geo. B. Wrenn Mrs. Flora Wyman Sustainer Membership, $5 H. R. Arnold Arthur S. Ballard Robert Blackstone A. M. Brya Wm. C. Chapin Lt. Preston Davis, Jr. William H. Donaldson Frank Doneis Mary Harlow Doneis Paul Doubek D. M. Earl Hirsch Ginn F. X. Graser Mrs. A. F. Hamann Rev. Daniel Hughes Frank J. Kovarik Russell R. Lambert Mrs. Frances L. McDowell S. T. Pai William Plampin Elwyn C. Pollock Grace Randolph A. E. Regal Harry G. Schatz Lt. Helen Lee Schlenker Dr. Abr. M. Schwager Gunnar Spant Salvatore Spinella Herbert L. Thompson John Tomishin May D. Van Sloun Pvt. William Vathis Mrs. Lee M. Wainman Helene Wolff-Kleve Capt. J. W. Wood 13 ESPERANTO PUBLICITY FUND To the Editor of American Esperantist: I would like to help the Publicity Fund, and taking my cue from Samideano Harold Ewen, I will contribute $100 to that effort as soon as five other friends of Esperanto are willing to do the same. I believe that Esperanto and EANA can and must take on new energy and make itself increasingly felt as a real factor in our American outlook of today. —Flora M. Wymah. Hal Ewen really started things! If the response to Mrs. Wyman's chal- lenge is as prompt as to that of Hal Ewen's, we shall soon see our goal of the $1000 Working Fund realized. Who will be first with $100? Since the call, "Who will be the fifth with $25?" we have received not one but four "fifths": F. M. Stead- man, M. S. Alderton, J. H. Furay, Robert Karlson. Other contributions: Esperanto Society of Milwaukee, $10; Dr. Luella K. Beecher, $8; H. Schroep- pel, J. D. Shea, Donald Stephens, Lt. R. C. Marble, Elmira Esperanto Club, A. E. Regal, H. G. Schatz, $5 each; Lee Atford, $3; R. Eadie, $2.50; Don- ald Munro, Dr. A. M. Schwager, Jas. H. Morrison, R. A. Flavell, Work- men's Benefit Fund Tremont Branch, Wm. Vathis, Wm. H. Donaldson, Prof. F. Tomich, $2 each; Capt. J. W. Wood, John Richards Orth, Emile Blais, Jean Tremblay, R. R. Lambert, Efwood Etter, Esther Kovari, $1 each. Our thanks to all! Contributions to EANA may be deducted by the donors in arriving at taxable net income. Contributions are deductible up to 15 percent of your income. The General Publicity Fund is a part of EANA activities. Report on Fund Activities Total Contributions to Publicity — $551.20 (since Feb. 1945). Total for $1000 Fund to date — $285.00 (min- imum $5). Specific Activity: 1) 300 copies of AE 3'45 with letter to Delegates of San Francisco Conference, to Sena- tors and Representatives, to a selected list of eminent leaders in international affairs. 2) 300 copies of AE 5'45 with letter to selected list of linguists and educators. 3) 300 copies of AE 7'45 sent to Youth Clubs and to leaders in Scout and Youth groups, to Scout leaders in all the American Republics. 4) 250 copies each of AE 9'45 and 11*45 to linguists, language teachers, and those interested in Internationa] Problems. Results of Campaign: This public- ity effort resulted in a number of subscriptions and memberships to AE and EANA from professors in various Universities and from those interested in following the progress of the Inter- language Esperanto. There has been an increase in membership in EANA since March 1945 of about 60 mem- bers, which may be partly credited to our publicity efforts. Hundreds have obtained a favorable impression of Esperanto which will be immensely valuable to us in the future. Total Expenditures of Fund to V46: $182.83. This includes payment for 250-300 extra copies of each is- sue of AE, multigraphed special let- ters, envelopes, postage, printed slips. COMMITTEE TO DATE: V. Murajo, E. Dodge, "Miami," C. Ramsay, F. Steadman, M. Alderton, ]. H. Furay, Robt. Karlson, Hal Eiven. 14 MORTO KAJ VIVO REMEMOROJ EL ALIA MONDO W. SOLZBACHER ĵurnalisto, kiu antaŭ nelonge voja- ĝis en Germanujo kaj revenis de tie al Londono, skribis al mi, ke Walter Knopf ne plu vivas. La Nazioj ekze- kutis lin en 1939, je la komenco de la milito, konsiderante lin kiel "per- fidulo". Eble la Gestapo trovis en Polujo dokumentojn pri lia kontraŭ- hitlera agado. Li restis fidela al siaj idealoj ĝis la morto. Liaj multaj ami- koj en ĉiuj landoj neniam forgesos lin. Li estis unu el tiuj praktikaj idealistoj, kiujn la mondo tiom bezo- nas en ĉiuj sferoj de la vivo. Walter Knopf, profesoro en Beu- then, germana industria urbo trite proksima al la pola landlimo, fondis la Katolikan Esperanto-Societon "Fra- teco" kaj prezidis ĝin de 1919 al 1933 — kaj poste ankoraŭ subtere. "Frateco," vigla, aktiva kaj bone or- ganizita grupo, aliĝis al Germana Es- peranto-Asocio (GEA), Internacio Katolika (IKA), Mondjunularo Ka- tolika (MOKA), kaj Paca Ligo de Germanaj Katolikoj (F.D.K.). La disvastigo kaj praktiko de Esperanto, la batalo kontraŭ militistaj tendencoj, kaj la kreo de pli bonaj rilatoj inter germanoj kaj poloj estis inter la ĉefaj taskoj de tiu organize Kiam Hitler fariĝis diktatoro de Germanujo, la grupo estis dissolvata kaj Walter Knopf havis multajn malfacilajojn kun la Gestapo; sed li neniam ĉesis labori. Por korespondado kun aliaj landoj li uzis adreson en Katowice, Polujo. De tie mi ricevis en Luksem- burgo, kie mi loĝis tiam, multajn le- terojn kaj poŝkartojn en Esperanto, kiujn li subskribis "Semper Idem". Li vere restis "ĉiam la sama". Miajn respondojn mi subskribis "Juna Bata- lanto" kaj sendis pere de nia komuna pola amiko, D-ro Bochenski, kiu pri- zorgis la interŝanĝon. Mi komencis korespondi kun Wal- ter Knopf en 1925, mi kredas. Liaj informoj kaj konsiloj estis ĉiam soli- daj kaj utilaj, kaj mi treege satis lian helpon dum la naŭ jaroj, kiam mi eldonis la Esperanto-gazeton "La Juna Batalanto" kaj dum la mallonga peri- odo, kiam mi estis redaktoro de "Ka- tolika Mondo". Lia grupo abonis Esperanto-gazetojn pogrande. En la somero de 1930 mi havis la plezuron viziti lin kaj lian afablan Esperantistan edzinon. Mi interrom- pis vojaĝon en Polujo por iri al Beu- then kaj konatiĝi kun la gesamideanoj de "Frateco". Gesinjoroj Knopf gas- tigis min, kaj dimanĉe posttagmeze "Frateco" organizis ekskurson kaj pik- nikon. Ie en la arbaro, proksime al la germana-pola landlimo, mi faris pa- roladon, parte en germana lingvo, parte en Esperanto, raportante ĉefe pri miaj spertoj kaj travivajoj en Po- lujo. Antaŭ ol iri al Beuthen, mi parto- prenis en la bela montara regiono je la pola-slovaka landlimo en interna- cia tendaro de junulargvidantoj el multaj landoj de Centra kaj Orienta Eŭropo. En la arbaro supre de la Dunajecvalo, proksime al Sromowce, ni estis gastoj de la Pola Skoltina Asocio kaj de ĝia estrino, Pani Mal- kowska, virino kun brila intelekto kaj gtanda koro. La plej multaj el la skol- tinoj estis tro junaj kaj tro okupataj por partopreni en niaj diskutoj, en kiuj, poloj, ĉehoslovakoj, rumanoj, bul- garoj, latvoj, germanoj, francoj, ang- loj, norvegoj kaj aliaj interŝanĝis opi- niojn kelkfoje tre malsamajn; sed la ĉeesto de la skoltinoj donis al la kon- ferenco rute specialan atmosferon. Hi ne nur zorgis pri nia materia bonfar- te, sed ankaŭ en la liberaj horoj hel- pis nin pli bone kompreni iliajn lan- don kaj popolon. Mi estis apenaŭ du tagojn en Dwor Cisowy ("Taksusa 15 16 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Bieno"), kiam, dank' al ili, mi jam kantis parkere kaj entuziasme la plej belan popolkanton de la polaj "gora- li" (montaranoj): "Tea gorami, za lasami, za dolinami Podbili sie dwaj gorali czupagami..." ("Malantaŭ la montoj, malantaŭ la arbaroj, malantaŭ la valoj, du mon- taranoj batis unu la alian per dikaj bastonoj___") La kanto havas vig- lan, amuzan melodion, kvankam ĝi temas pri tiel tragedia afero kaŭzita — kiel vi certe jam divenis — per belulino, kiun la kanto nomas "ma dziewczyna" ("mia knabineto"). Do mi lernis la kanton rapide, kiel ĉiu alia en la tendaro. Mi estis malpli sukcesa pri la popoldancoj de la "go- rali". En Dwor Cisowy ni diskutis kaj kantis en multaj lingvoj, ankau en Esperanto, car troviĝis inter ni Esper- antistoj el diversaj landoj. Ni satis speciale la Esperanto-tradukon de slo- vaka popolkanto, kiu komenciĝis tiel: "Al la rivereto, bluokula knabineto, Al la rivereto ne iradu plu..." Al "nia" rivereto, la Dunajec, ni tamen iris ofte. La regiono estis so- vaĝe bela je ambaŭ bordoj. La mon- toj kaj arbaroj estis pacaj kaj majes- taj. Sed ni sciis, ke je unu bordo la lando estis pola, je la alia ĉeĥoslova- ka, kaj ke tiu regiono estis estinta kaj estonta objekto de politika konflikto kiel tiom da aliaj regionoj en Europe Ni estis konvenintaj por vidi ĉu ni povus fari ion por servi la paeon. Je la lasta vespero ni ariĝis ĉirkaŭ granda kampfajro, kies brilo disvast- iĝis ĝis trans la landlimo. Geamikoj diverslandaj faris mallongajn parola- dojn. Mi estis la lasta. Mi patolis pri paco kaj intetnacia frateco, klopo- dante esprimi ion el tio, kion ni ĉiuj sentis en tiu solena horo ĉirkaŭ la fajro. Mi staris ĝuste vidalvide al la polaj skoltinoj, kiuj aŭskultis atente. Je la fino, la plej juna el ili, apenaŭ 14 aŭ 15-jara knabino, nomita Jad- wiga, venis al mi kaj diris kun voĉo, kiu estis duone solena, duone amuza: "Miaj fratinoj sendis min, por diri al vi. ke ni ĉiuj amas vin kaj ke ni dan- kas vin por via bela parolado. Ni re- memoros ĝin kaj ĝojus, se vi kelkfoje pensus pri ni. Tial ni petas vin, ak- cepti insignon de nia Pola Skoltina Asocio kiel signo de amikeco kaj re- memoro." Tium insignon, kiun Jad- wiga donis al mi, mi portis kun mi dum multaj jaroj, kaj mi konsideris ĝian posedon granda honoro. Kie estas nun Jadwiga ■— mi ne- niam sciis ŝian lastan nomon — kaj la aliaj polaj skoltinoj el Dwor Ciso- wy? Kiam ilia lando estis invadata de la germana armeo en 1939, ili ja ne plu estis knabinetoj, sed plenkres- kaj virinoj, multaj el ili sendube ed- zinoj kaj patrinoj. Cu Jadwiga estis unu el tiuj, kiuj mortis en aeratako aŭ pro malsato? Ĉu ŝi estis unu el tiuj, kiuj estis forkondukataj por sklava laboro aŭ unu el tiuj, kiuj fariĝis vik- timoj de nepriskribeblaj krimoj? Mi ne scias kaj eble neniam scios. Re- pensante pri tiu tempo en Dwor Ci- sowy kaj pri mia vizito al la Esperan- to-Grupo "Frateco" en Beuthen, mi nun sentas doloton kaj eĉ honton. Revo kaj entuziasmo ja ne sufiĉas por realigi paeon kaj fratecon en la mondo. Pena laboro kaj realista aga- do ankaŭ estas necesaj por malebligi ripeton de la jus pastinta katastrofo kaj por konstrui mondon, en kiu ju- nulinoj kiel Jadwiga havos paean es- tcntecon antaŭ si kaj en kiu ne plu ekzistos sangavidaj tiranoj por mor- tigi homojn kiel mian bonan Esperan- tistan amikon Walter Knopf. "America Esperantisto" estas la plej ejika propagandilo por montri ke Esperanto vivas kaj progresas. Mendu ilin prograruie je favora prezo. LA JARCENTO DE LA ORDINARA HOMO Henry A. Wallace Sekretario de Komerco por Usono Redaktista Noto: Ĉi tiu estas la dua el tri sinsekvaj partoj de la epoka parolado de Henry A. Wallace. La tezo estas an- koraŭ tre grava — ja eĉ pli grava nun post la eksplodo de la atoma bombo. * (Daŭrigo) La marŝo de libereco dum la an- railaj 150 jaroj estis longedaŭra po- pola revolucio. En tiu Granda Popola Revolucio, estis la Usona Revolucio de 1776, la Franca Revolucio de 1789, la Latin-Amerikaj revolucioj de la epoko de Bolivar, la Germana Re- volucio de 1848, kaj la Rusa Revo- lucio de 1917. Ĉiu parolis por la or- dinara homo per esprimoj de sango sur la batalkampo. Kelkaj iris al tro- eco. Sed la signifa afero estas ke la popolo palpeserĉadis sian vojon al la lumo. Pli da ili lernis kunpensi kaj kunlabori. La popola revolucio celas al paco kaj ne al perform, sed kiam la rajtoj de la ordinara homo estas atakitaj, tio ellasas la furiozecon de ursino kiu perdis ursidon. Kiam la Nazi-psikolo- goj diras al sia mastro Hitler ke ni en Usono eble povas produkti cent- milojn da aeroplanoj, sed ke ni ne havas volon por batali, ili nur trom- pas sin kaj lin. La vero estas ke kiam oni ofendas kontraŭ la rajtojn de la usona popolo, kiel oni jam ofendis kontraŭ tiujn rajtojn, la usona po- polo batalos kun senkompata furiozo, kio pelos la antikvajn kaŭrantajn Teŭ- ton-diojn ree en siajn kavernojn. La Gotterdamerung estas veninta por Odin kaj lia bando. La popolo estas en marŝo al eĉ pli plena libereco ol iam ĝuis la plej bon- ŝancaj popoloj de la tero. Nenia kon- trau-revolucio de la Nazi-anoj halti- gos ĝin. La ordinara homo elpelos la Hitler-marionetojn el kaŝo en Usono, en Latin-Ameriko, kaj en Hindujo. Li detruos ilian influon. Neniaj Laval- uloj, neniaj Mussolini-uloj estos tole- rataj en la Libera Mondo. La popolo, en sia jarmila kaj revo- lucia marŝo antaŭen, por aperigi tie ĉi sur la tero la dignon kiu estas en ĉiu homa animo, tenas kiel sian kre- don la Kvar Liberoj n, deklaritaj de Prezidanto Roosevelt en lia komu- niko al la Kongreso je la 6-a de Ja- nuaro, 1941. Tiuj kvar liberoj estas la vera koro de la revolucio por kio la Unuiĝo de Nacioj prenis sian po- zicion. Ni, kiuj loĝas en Usono eble opinias ke estas nenio tre revolucia pri libereco de religio, libereco de esprimo, kaj libereco el timo pri la sekreta polico. Sed kiam ni komencas pensi pri la signifo de libereco el bezono por la ordinara homo, tiam ni scias ke la revolucio de la antaŭaj 150 jaroj ne estas finita, aŭ jen en Usono aŭ en iu ajn alia nacio en la mondo. Ni scias ke tiu revolucio ne povas halti ĝis libereco el bezono es- tas efektive atingita. Kaj nun, dum ni antaŭeniras al la efektivigo por la Kvar Liberoj de tiu popola revolucio, mi dezirus paroli pri kvar devoj. Estas mia kredo ke ĉiu libero, ĉiu rajto, ĉiu privilegio ha- vas sian prezon, sian respondan de- von sen kiu ĝi ne povas esti ĝuita. La kvar devoj de la popola revolucio, kiel mi vidas ilin hodiau, estas jene: 1. La devo por produkti ĝis la limo. 2. La devo por transporti kiel eble plej rapide al la batalkampo. 3. La devo por batali per ĉiuj niaj fortoj. 4. La devo por konstrui paeon — justan, bonfaran kaj daŭran. La kvara devo estas tiu kiu inspi- ras la tri aliajn. Ni malsukcesis pri nia tasko post Mondmilito N-ro 1. Ni ne sciis kiel klopodi por konstrui daŭran rutmon- dan paeon. Ni ne konstruis pac-trak- 17 18 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO taton sur la fundamenta doktrino de la popola revolucio. Ni ne tutkore penis por krei mondon kie povus esti libereco el bezono por ĉiuj popoloj. Sed eĉ per niaj eraroj ni lernis mul- ton, kaj post la nuna milito ni tro- viĝos en pozicio por utiligi nian scion en la konstruado de mondo kiu estos ekonomie, politike kaj, mi esperas, spirite solida. Moderna scienco, kiu estas krom- produkto kaj esenca parto de la po- pola revolucio, teknologie ebligis ke ĉiuj homoj en la mondo ricevu sufi- ĉon por manĝi. Mi diris antaŭnelonge al S-ino Litvinoff: "Unu celo de tiu ĉi milito estas por certigi ke ĉiuj en la mondo havu la privilegion tage trinki kvarton da lakto." Ŝi respondis: "Jes, eĉ duonon de kvartoduono."" La paco devas signifi pli bonan normon en la vivado de la ordinara homo, ne nur en Usono kaj Anglujo, sed ankaŭ en Hindujo, Rusujo, Ĉinujo kaj Latin-Ameriko -— ne nur en la Unuiĝo de Nacioj, sed ankaŭ en Ger- manujo kaj Italujo kaj Japanujo. La jarcento en kiun ni eniras — la jarcento kiu elvenos el la nuna milito — povas esti kaj devas esti la jar- cento de la ordinara homo. Eble estos la oportuno de Usono por sugesti la liberojn kaj devojn per kiuj la ordi- nara homo vivados. Cie la ordinara homo devas Ierni por konstrui sian propran industrion per siaj propraj manoj en praktika maniero. Ĉie la ordinara homo devas lerni por pliigi sian produktadon por ke li kaj liaj infanoj fine povas pagi al la mond- komunumo ĉion kion ili ricevis. Ne- niu nacio havos la Di-donitan raj ton por ekspluati aliajn naciojn. Pliaĝaj nacioj havos la privilegion por helpi plijunajn naciojn ekiri sur la vojo al industrio, sed devas esti nek milita nek ekonomia imperiismo. La meto- doj de la deknaŭa jarcento ne efikos en la popola jarcento kiu estas ko- menconta. Hindujo, Ĉinujo, kaj Latin- Ameriko havas grandegan koncernon pri la popola jarcento. Dum iliaj po- polamasoj lernas legi kaj skribi, kaj dum ili fariĝas produktaj maŝinistoj, ilia grado de vivado duobliĝos kaj triobliĝos. Moderna scienco, kiam tut- kore dediĉita al la ĝenerala bonstato, havas en si eblajn potencojn pri kiuj ni ankoraŭ ne sonĝas. Karteloj en la paco venonta devos esti submetitaj sub internacia kontrolo por la ordi- nara homo, krom esti sub sufiĉa kon- trolo de la respektivaj enlandaj re- gistaroj. Kiam internaciaj monopolaj kombinoj estas sub kontrolo, tiam inventoj povas servi la tutan popo- lon anstataŭ nur la malmultajn. {Daŭrigota) BARGAINS IN GOOD ESPERANTO READING Send to Joseph Leahy, 1754 Lanier Place, Washington 9, D.C., for these book bargains which are offered to lower our book stocks. Rozujo Ĉiumiljara, Payson 25c Akrohato de Nia Sinjorino 25c Blanche, Virgulino de Lille 25c Miserere kaj Thais, Payson 25c Lando de Arĝenta Akvo, Payson 25c Ginevra, Pri vat 25c Princo Vane', Putnam k Beetes 25c Surprises at Sylvia Farms 15c Taso de Amservo, Taylor-Weems 25c Sub la Meznokta Suno, Wendell with covers 25c, without 20c (Above books sold at 6 for $1.00) Juneco kaj Amo, Payson cloth covers 40c, paper 25c Ask about other occasional books. Subscribe to Readers Digest $3.00 Special sub for short time $2.75 "RD" for Service people 1 yr. $1.50 Subs taken for any publication, at regular and club rates. ASK. THE ESPERANTO STUDENT Esperanto is always pronounced just as it is written. The vowel sounds a, e, i, o, u, may be indicated by the vowel sounds heard after "b" in the English words; bat, heat, hiet, bote, hoot. Esperanto "e" and "o" have no exact equivalent in English: "e" is similar to the "a" in "chaos", and the "o" to "o" in "obey", both pronounced rapidly. Be careful not to drawl these sounds out as we do in English. En la Butiko En la butiko estas multaj objektoj: libroj, cigaroj, cigatedoj, horloĝoj, ĉo- kolado. La eleganta sinjoro staras en la butiko kaj rigardas la objektojn. Alia sinjoro, la veodisto, diras al li: "Bonan tagon, Sinjoro! Kion vi de- ziras?" La eleganta sinjoro montras al la horloĝoj: "Mi deziras aĉeti no- van horloĝon. Kiom kostas la mal- granda ora horloĝo?" "Ho, la ora horloĝo estas ja la plej bona — kaj ĝi kostas nur kvin dola- rojn!" respondas la vendisto. "Kvin dolarojn! Ĝi estas sufiĉe mul- tekosta . . . sed mi bezonas novan horloĝon. Tre bone, mi aĉetos ĝin." La sinjoro donas la monon al la ven- disto, li pagas lin, kaj do la vendisto vendas la horloĝon al la eleganta sin- joro. In the Store In rhe store are many objects: books, cigars, cigarettes, clocks, choc- olate. The elegant gentleman stands in the store and looks at the various objects. Another gentleman, the sales- man says to him: "Good Day, Sir! What would you like?" The elegant gentleman points to the clocks: "I wish to buy a new clock. How much does the small gold clock cost?" "Oh, the gold clock is indeed the best — and it costs only five dollars!" answers the salesman. "Five dollars! It is quite expensive . . . but I need a new clock. Very well, I will buy it." The gentleman gives the money to the salesman, he pays him, and so the salesman sells the clock to the elegant gentleman. Professor Edwin L. Clarke, Examination Committee, reports the following certificates granted: Atesto pri Kapableco, Patricia K. Alexander, Lydia Allen DeVilbiss, Morris Morrison, all of Miami, Fla. Atesto pri Lernado, Philip Henry Hensley, of Homestead ,Fla. Memberships in the International Esperanto League ate due for 1946. EANA is affiliated with IEL, and by virtue of your membership in EANA you are an Associate Member of IEL. For further benefits to Esperanto and to yourself you may become an Indi- vidual Member of IEL, by additional payment as follows: MJ (Member with Yearbook), $1. MA (Member with Yearbook and the all-Esperanto magazine "Esperanto Internacia"), $2. Send IEL individual memberships di- rect to Donald E. Parrish, 328 W. 46 St., Los Angeles 37, Calif., or through EANA. Esperanto in the News: The fol- lowing newspapers have carried items on Esperanto: Friends Intelligencer, Sept. 1945; Milwaukee Sentinel, Sept. 5. 1945; Portland Press Herald, Oct. 6. 1945 (Editorial); Tune In, Oct. 1945; Colliers, Sept. 15 and 28, 1945; Evening Capitol, Annapolis, Md., Oct. 25, 1945; Arkansas Gazette, Nov. 22, 1945;. This Week Magazine, Dec. 15, 1945; Worcester Telegram, Worces- ter, Mass. & Tribune - Republican, Meadville, Pa. both carried the AP dispatch "Esperanto — Key to One World"; Western Stamp Collector; The Capital Times, Madison, Wis. 19 AL MIA BUCISTINO Raymond Schwartz, Parizo Ĉi tiu poemo, represita el Franca Esperantisto, pruvas, ke nia bonhumora fakulo pri poezio, Raymond Schwartz, famkonata kiel fondinto de la Esper- antist-kabaredo Verda Kato kaj kiel estinta redaktisto de La Pirato, bone tra- vivis la militon. Pirate ŝtelinte ĉi tiun poemon, la redaktisto de AE tamen simpatias kun Raymond Schwartz kaj sendos al li, kiel honorario, kelkajn fun- tojn da usona viando en konservoj. Sinjorino buostino, Se vi amas, mi supozas, kiu tronas ĉe la kaso ke vi amas nur pogrande. kaj klasike, laŭ difino, Vi ne per kulero dozas, bonodoras je bov-graso, sed abundas tuj ĝisrande! mi bezonas al vi diri Por tarifi vian flamon, komplimenton pri la sano: oni pes-unuo prenas Vidi vin kaj ne admiri la normalan kilogramon, povus nur vegetarano! kaj el tio mi komprenas, Vi aspektas fenomena ke posedi vian koron — pri-malmanko-arestajo, kun konvena aldonparto — kie ĉio estas plena — reprezentus la valoron speciale la korsajo. de tutjara viandkarto. Apud la fadenfiguroj Mi rezignas konsekvence de tro longa fast-epoko pensi plu pri am-propono, viaj gasbalon-konturoj kaj mi petas nur, kompense, havas guston de provoko! ŝaf-kotleton . . . sen kupono. Kiel Pagi EI Eksterlando ? Esperantistoj el multaj landoj skribis al Amerika Esperantisto, esprimante laŭdon kaj admiron pri la gazeto kaj demandante. Kiel ni povas aboni? Ek- zistas tri metodoj: 1. El kelkaj landoj oni povas sendi ĉekon aŭ poŝtmandaton. La laboro povas esti iom plisimpligata, se kelkaj personoj kune sendas unu ĉekon. La abonprezo estas unu dolaro kaj duono por unu jaro. 2. Oni povas aboni, sendante 30 Internaciajn Respondkuponojn. Ili estas haveblaj en la poŝta oficejo. Ni scias, ke en kelkaj landoj 30 Respondku- ponoj kostas multe pli ol unu dolaron kaj duono, kaj ke tiu pagmaniero estas sufiĉe multekosta. 3. El landoj, el kiuj oni ne povas sendi monon al Usono, ni akceptas an- kaŭ novajn bonkvalitajn Esperanto-librojn. Sendu la libron aŭ librojn kaj in- diku la oficialan prezon. Ni liveros 6 numerojn de AE por ĉiu dolaro kaj duono de la valoro. Ne estas necese skribi antaŭe, se la valoro de unu librosen- dajo estas malpli ol 5 dolaroj. Se ĝi estas pli, bonvolu demandi nin antaŭe ĉu ni povas utiligi la librojn, kiujn vi oferas. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO, 114 West 16 St., New York 11, N. Y., Usono 20 FACILA LEGADO POR LA EOMENCANTO LEGENDO PRI LA STONA ELEFANTO Natalie Weiffenbach Fraŭlino Weiffenbach, de Coral Gables, Florida, rradukis ĉi riun legendon el la angla lingvo, kiam ŝi estis studento en unu el la Esperanto-klasoj de David Earl. En Arizono estas ŝtonego kiu si- milas al elefanto. La Indianoj rakon- tas legendon pri la ŝtona elefanto kiu staras en la dezerto: Antaŭlonge kiam la blankaj homoj sciis nenion pri Ameriko, la tuta lan- do apartenas al la Indianoj. La ĉefo de la Indianoj estis tre saĝa, tre bona kaj forta, sed li ne havis filojn. Kiam la ĉefo sentis ke li maljuniĝis, li al- vokis ĉiujn junajn Indianojn kaj diris al ili: "Tiu el vi estos mia filo kiu alportos al mi en la daŭro de unu jaro la plej fottan objekton en la mondo. Gi devas esti pli forta ol la suno, pli forta ol la vento, pli forta ol la dezerto, ol la monto, aŭ ol la rivero dum diluvo." La junuloj fotiris por serĉi la plej fortan objekton en la mondo. Iu al- portis al la ĉefo medikamenton fari- tan el la veneno de la sonserpento. Alia alportis kvindek kojotojn, kiujn oni ligis kune. Sed la ĉefo nur ridis kaj skuis la kapon. Inter ili estis juna viro nomita Theeka, kiu foriris kun arko kaj sago. Theeka marŝis tra la dezerto dum multaj tagoj. Li marŝis ĝis li atingis landon, kiun homo neniam antaŭe vizitis. Li marŝis tra profunda var- mega sablo. Subite li vidis objekton kiu movis. Estis elefanto. Li kriis: "Tiu estas la plej granda besto en la mondo." Li kuris post la elefanto, sed ne povis atingi ĝin. Li sekvis la elefanton dum multaj tagoj, sed ne povis kapti ĝin. Unu tagon li vidis alian objekton. Estis virino. Kiam ŝi alvenis al li, li vidis ke ŝi estis tre bela, juna virino. De tempo al tempo li rigardis sin, kiu restis apud li, sed kiu ne diris eĉ unu vorton. Theeka ne volis paroli kun ŝi, car li timis perdi la elefan- ton, sed li sentis ke li amis sin. Post- nelonge la junulino falis. Theeka ne haltis. Li postsekvis la elefanton sed lia koro suferis. Sed li ne povis su- feri longe. Li donis unu lastan rigar- don al la elefanto kaj diris: "Adiaŭ, plej forta besto! Mi revenas al ŝi kiun mi amas." La spirito en li mor- tis, sed lia koro kantis. Kiam li atin- gis la junulinon, ŝi leviĝis, ŝi metis siajn brakojn ĉirkaŭ lia kolo kaj kisis lin. Tiam Theeka diris: "Mi ne deziras plu la fortan beston. Mi amas vin. Vi estas dolĉa kiel la floro en la prin- tempo." La bela junulino respondis: "Mi montros al vi la plej fortan ob- jekton en la mondo. Venu!" Ŝi pre- nis lian manon kaj gvidis lin al la elefanto. Subite la elefanto haltis, car eta birdo flugis ĉirkaŭ lia kapo, kaj kantis am-kanton. La elefanto haltis ĝis la birdeto konstruis neston sur lia kapo. Ĝi haltis tiel longe, ke ĝi iĝis ŝtono kaj vivas eterne. Tiam Theeka komprenis. Li kon- dukis sian belan junulinon al la ĉefo kaj diris: "Mi trovis la plej fortan objekton en la mondo. Estas la amo!" La estro respondis: "Vi kaj viaj filoj estos ĉefoj de ia Indianoj." Read "Karlo" by Edmond Privat. 43 pages of Easy-Reading in Esperanto, 30c 21 ESPERANTO-KRONIKO Parley Parker Christensen nun tro- viĝas kiel la nova Prezidanto de la Esperanto-Klubo de Los Angeles. S-ro Christensen lernis Esperanton en la jaro 1910, kaj multe propagandis ĝin depost tiam. Li servis en diversaj pos- tenoj de la movado, kaj estis Vic- Prezidanto de EANA en 1931-32. En la politiko li multe partoprenis — kaj estis kandidato por ofico kiel Prezi- danto de Usono en 1920 (Farmer- Labor Party). Li nun oficas kiel Kon- silanto por la urbo Los Angeles. Sennacieca Asocio Tutmonda. Laŭ plej freŝdataj informoj SAT neniam mortis, sed havis katakombecan vivon dum la militjaroj. El Paris jam dis- sendiĝis Manifesto al la Tutmonda SAT-anaro. Komence de 1946 reape- ros Sennaciulo. Klopodoj estas fara- taj por aperigo de tria, ampleksigita eldono de Plena Vortaro. * Pastro Daniel Hughes el Detroit bele tradukis la Esperanto - poemon "Sur la Kampo" de Daĉjo Richardson en la anglan kaj kimran lingvojn. Li send is la kimran tradukon al ĵurnaloj en Kimrujo kaj ni nun atendas la publikigon. • Bulteno de la jama Simjonia Or- kestro de Bostono publikigis artikolon pri Esperanto. La titolo estas: "En- tr'acte, Muziko kaj Esperanto, per Kritikisto Ernest Newman (Sunday Times, London)." La titolo estas en Esperanto kaj la artikolo iom ŝerce diskutas la libreton "Muzika Termi- naro" de Montagu C. Butler. • Lima Esperanto-Asocio ĉiujare ali- ĝas al EANA amase. Bona ekzempio por ĉiu klubo! Nova estraro de la Klubo estas: D-ino L. K. Beecher, Prez.; S - ino Harry Jay, S-ro Earl Sealts, Vic-Prezidantoj; S-ino Arthur M. Vaughn, Sekretario. En Windsor, Ontario (Kanado), D-ro W. Solzbacher, kunredaktisto de AE, faris prelegon la 2 5 an de Novembro. Kvankam li menciis Es- peranton nur unufoje en la parolado, li ricevis 5 demandojn pri la lingvo en la demando-respondo-periodo kaj tiel havis okazon paroli pri ĝi detale. Intereso pri Esperanto kreskas. En la Esperanto-Societo de Detroit D-ro W. Solzbacher paroladis la 26an de Novembro pri la nuntempa stato de la Esperanto-movado en la mondo. La kunveno okazis en la hejmo de Ges-roj E. Sievers. • Reprezentanto de la Itala Amba- sadoro parolis ĉe la kunveno de la Esperanto-Klubo-Harmonio en Nov- Jorko, la 1-an de Decembro. S-ro Carlo Almagia parolis pri la "Post- Militaj Celoj de Italujo." Ĉe la sama kunveno la societo proklamis hono- ron al S-ro H. W. Smart pro elstara laboro por Esperanto dum la jaro 1945. • Prelegisto pri internaciaj aferoj, D-ro Francis S. Onderdonk, en Ann Arbor kaj Detroit, mencias Esperan- ton en preskaŭ ĉiuj paroladoj, kiujn li faras en la plej diversaj grupoj. • Heleno Heidi Scherer alvenis en la mondon je la 27a Novembro 1945 dum kiam ŝia patro Joseph R. Scherer (Joroŝo) Eks-Prezidanto de EANA faris paroladon pri Esperanto al 500 studantoj en la Supera Lernejo en Canoga Park apud Los Angeles. Nun la eks-globtrotulo provizore ne voja- ĝos ĉirkaŭ la mondon, sed li kaj lia edzino Heleno instriios Esperanton en privataj klasoj al Heleno Heidi (Hei- di estas fama svisa nomo). La plej juna denaska Esperantistino jam sen- dis sian kotizon por membreco en EANA kaj IEL por 1946. 22 ESPERANTO - KRONIKO Cora L. Fellows, tre amata Espe- rantistino en la Nov-Jorka movado, rimarkigis nin pri nova kaj plibona priskribo pri "Universal Language" en la kuranta aldono al "Nelson's Loose - Leaf Encyclopedia," Tio nin atentigas ke ni devas klopodi por pli bonaj priskriboj en aliaj enciklope- dioj pri Esperanto. • Wm. P. Vathis nun troviĝas en la armeo kie li certe propagandos Espe- ranton kiel ĉiam. El la familio Vathis nun troviĝas en la armeo ok-el-ok de la junaj familianoj. Preskaŭ Vathis- armeo! • Nova Esperanto - Klaso en Kiev- lando, Ohio, sub la gvidado de Pro- fesoro Frank Tomich de Fenn-Kolegio. La Kolegio ĝentile cedis belan ĉam- bron, kaj la klaso nun regule funk- cias kun pli ol 15 studentoj. F-ino Jessie Scott de la Esperanto-Societo de Klevlando multe helpis. Charles E. Peterson el Bell, Cali- fornia sukcesis varbi kvin novajn jar- abonojn por AE dum 1945. Ĉu vi ne povas fari same? • La Esperanto-lnterlingva Asocio en New York organizis sian unuan aŭ- tunan kunvenon en Hotel New York- er la lOan de Novembro. D-ro W. Solzbacher paroladis pri "Esperanto Marias Antaŭen — Ĉirkaŭ la Mondo." Inter la gastoj estis tri eminentaj mek- sikanoj, el kiuj S-ro Macedonio Platas estas elstara amiko de Esperanto. • Itala Milit-Kaptito en Usono estas Esperantisto. Kapitano Vincenzo Rus- sc venis al Usono unue kiel milit- kaptito, sed poste servis en la Itala Serv-Taĉmento. Pete de Esperantis- tino, S-ino D. B. Fuller, li abonis al Amerika Esperantisto. Antaŭ nelon- ge li revenis al Italujo. Kvar Ĉinaj Esperantisto] nun tro- viĝas en Usono. Tri studas en la aer- korpuso kaj unu estas studento ĉe Universitato en Ĉikago. Hi estas: A/c Hung Ping Cheng, A/c Yu-Chiang Wang, Lt. Francis Fan, kaj S-ro Lee Nel-son. Bonvenon al Usono! Hi ĉiuj estas anoj de EANA. Ni mencias an- kaŭ S-ron S. T. Pai, ĉina samideano nia, kiu troviĝas inter la Subtenantoj de EANA. Hi ĉiuj anraŭenigos Espe- ranton kaj en Usono kaj en Ĉinujo. Brave! * Helpo al Eŭropaj Samideano]: El Nederlando kaj Italujo venis kelkaj petoj por vestajoj, radringoj por bi- cikloj, kaj manĝaĵoj. Esperantistoj kiuj deziras helpi en tiuj kazoj, skribu al ni por informo. La Broŝuro pri Okcidenta Virginia estas nun preta por dissendado. S-ro Roland Ruff, RFD No. 2, Box 233, St. Albans, West Virginia, sendos la broluron kune kun mapo de la Stato al ĉiu, kiu sendas al li tri-cendan polt- markon. * Malnova] Anoj Revenas al EANA. Ni bonvenigas la sekvantajn sami- deanojn, kiuj post longa silento de- nove laboras kun ni en la servo al Esperanto: Tom Robbins, J. Leo Chapman, Rev. Theo Hanssen, Frank Leslie Gaines, George Haskell, Dr. Ransom Luce, John Richards Orth, Lee Atford, Albert M. Koliner. Tutmonda Junular-Organizo resta- riĝas en Nederlando. Kunvenoj jam komencis, la geknaboj konstruis pro- pran domon per siaj propraj manoj. La oficiala organo. La Juna Vivo bai- daŭ reaperos en plena formo. Ĝi en- havas ludojn, enigmojn, anekdotojn, simplajn lecionojn por gejunuloj. Tiuj, kiuj interesas pri abono povus skribi al AE por plua informo. 23 New Esperanto Classes Esperanto classes are now being held in various cities of the United States and Canada: Annapolis, Md., on Fridays, 4 p.m. at the Public Li- brary on Church Circle, under the direction of Rev. James L. Smiley; Ann Arbor, Mich., Prof. Hirsch Hoot- kins of the University of Michigan is instructor, auspices Baha'i Center; Brooklyn, N. Y., class in Public School 212, taught by Abraham Ja- cobs; Coconut Grove, Florida, Miss Patricia Alexander, teacher; Fargo, N. Dak., at the "Interstate Business Col- lege," teacher, Mrs. Etty Graeffe; Grosse Point, Mich., Mrs. Mabelle L. Davis teaches a class in the Grosse Point Evening High School under the auspices of the Board of Edu- cation; Hamden, Conn., teacher, Mrs. Jeanne Blaski; Hamilton, Ontario, teacher, J. H. Hartley; Los Gatos, Calif., at the Montezuma Mountain School, taught by its President, E. A. Rogers; Lynn, Mass., class at Eastern Jr. High School, taught by Robert Alberg; Miami, Florida, under aus- pices of the Pan American League, teacher, Morris Morrison; Moncton, N. B., Canada, guided by Mrs. W. H. McEwen; New Haven, Conn., members of the New Haven Wom- an's Club, teacher, Mrs. Jeanne Blas- ki; New York, N. Y., at the Epiph- any Branch of the N. Y. Public Li- brary, Thursdays, teacher, Harry G. Schatz; at the International Ladies Garment Worker's Union, teachers, Ralph Bonesper and Pauline Knight; Portland, Oregon, teacher, Mrs. Anna Kincaid; Seattle, Wash., Study-Group under the direction of Byron Ela, class taught by Mr. and Mrs. Charles S. Brown to University of Washing- ton alumni and students. Courses are now being organized at Palo Alto, Calif., under guidance of Herbert L. Thompson, and in Tampa, Florida, at the University of Tampa, under the direction of H. P. Ayers. DEZIRAS KORESPONDI Anoncetoj pri korespondado el Usono kaj Kanado kostas 25 cendojn por 4 linioj. El aliaj landoj, de kie estas nun malfacile sendi monon, AE akceptas anon- cojn senpage. La redaktisto rezervas al si la rajton fini tiun privilegion je iu tempo. Svisujo. S-ro Angelo Bobbia, Nidau- gasse 8, Biel Kt., Bern. 20 jara, studas ĉe Komerca Lernejo, dez. kor. Finlando. S-ro Taito Lippahainen Lammi, Lieso. 35-jara fraŭlo, komer- cisto dez. kor. kun Usonanoj. Estro de kooperativa butiko. Usono, S-ro David Bartholomew, 819 Third Ave., Bozeman, Mont. Dez. kor. pri speciala edukado je personoj korpe malhelpataj. Francujo. S-ro Ernest Foulou, a Tre- mons Lot. & Gne, Garonne. 20-jara fraŭlo, fariĝos instruisto, dez. kor. kun gejunuloj. Svedlando. S-ro Magnusson, Pop- pelgatan 61, Malmoe. 33-jara svedo, kiu baldaŭ intencas viziti Usonon, dez. kor. kun ge-Usonanoj prefere en la konfekcia fako (Ladies' Gar- ments). Skribu tuj. Italujo. S-ro Pedrazzini Giorgio, Strado Foro Buonaparte 52, Milano. 23-jara, librotenisto, dez. kor. pri Uso- na vivo. Anglujo. S-ro C. P. Cocks, 158 Mot- land Rd., Croydon (Surrey). Petas informojn el ĉiu lando pri la uzado de Esperanto en komerco, ankaŭ ga- zetojn, presafojn, leterojn, k.t.p. Ĉekoslovakio. S-ro Ernesto Vana, Zilina, Slow, ĈSR, Pivovarska 3. Dez. kor. pri naturaj sciencoj, naturaj ku- racmanieroj, astrologio. Norvegujo. S-ro Eugene Grondahl, Sverdrups Gt. 9, Oslo. Dez. kor. kun eksterlandanoj. Argentina. F-ino Susana Cursach, Entre Rios 919, Buenos Aires, 9-jara studentino, dez. kor. Ŝatas legi belajn librojn. Belgujo. S-ro Emil Stalpaert, Steen- straat 48, Brugge. Dez. kor. 24 ESPERANTO BOOKS PRACTICAL GRAMMAR OF ESPERANTO, Ivy Kellerman-Reed. A favorite all over the world for many years. For class or self-instruction .75c ESPERANTO HOME STUDENT, by James Robbie. Splendid for class or self- study. Pocket size and a favorite with the service men in camps .25c PRACTICAL ESPERANTO, by Wm. S. Benson. For self-instruaion. It is unique with its 650 illustrations .25c UNIVERSALA ESPERANTO METODO, by Dr. Wm. S. Benson. This book is a wonder. "The only book of its kind in the world." 11,000 pictures. Two full- page tables of the pronunciation of the Esperanto alphabet in 36 languages. Correlatives in 35 languages. Complete index. 555 pages $3.50 AMERICAN POCKET DICTIONARY, by Carl Froding. 80 pages of Esperanto- English and English-Esperanto. An indispensible little pocket companion .30c LANGUAGES FOR WAR AND PEACE, by Mario A. Pei, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Romance Languages at Columbia University. "Should become the standard handbook of the practical linguist ... an amazing wealth of useful information and advice . . . many times worth its price." (Review in "AE"). A guide to the languages of the world, with a complete Esperanto part. 663 pages. $5.00 WORLD LANGUAGE SERIES, edited by Prof. Mario A. Pei. ESPERANTO, by G. Alan Connor and Doris T. Connor, a practical introduction to Esperanto and a sys- tematic vocabulary and phrase-book following the pattern of Professor Pei's famous series. 32 pages. .65c 10-in-l DICTIONARY OF BASIC LANGUAGE in French, German, Spanish, Italian, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, Portuguese, Esperanto. 10 languages, including Es- peranto, in a nutshell. 110 pages. Cloth $1.50, Paper .50c ESPERANTO GRAMMAR AND COMMENTARY, by Major-General Cox. A very complete analysis of Esperanto grammar, with helpful lists and examples. Cloth $2.00 SEP VANGOFRAPOJ, by Karlo Aszlanyi. The most recent of the "Epoko Series." Novel translated from the Hungarian. .75c ESPERANTO KEY, (English), Excellent for Esperanto promotion .05c KARLO, by Edmond Privat, Easy First-Reader in Esperanto -30c "LA VOJO." Esperanto Song. Single sheet. With translation. .10c or 3 for .25c EDINBURGH DICTIONARY. A world favorite. English-Esperanto and Espe- ranto-English. 288 pages $1.00 STEP BY STEP IN ESPERANTO, by M. C. Butler. One of the world's best. Cloth covers $1.20 MILLIDGE ESPERANTO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Latest edition, 1942 $3.50 STARS. No more of the metal stars, advertised in some text-books, due to priorities. INDIAN BEAD STARS, white bead background with green star in center .45c "LIFEOFZAMENHOF" (English) $1.00. "VIVODEZAMENHOF" (Esperanto) $1.25 "ESPERO INTERNACIA", by Ann E. Beatty. 240 translations of well-known English hymns and songs .50c YOUR MEMBERSHIP IN E. A. N. A. WELL BE APPRECIATE» Membership, with "American Esperantist," $2.00 per year. Sustaining Mem- ber, annually, $5.00. Patron Member, annually, $10.00. Life Member, one pay- ment, $100.00. All memberships include "American Esperantist." Your mem- bership in one of the higher brackets will greatly aid in the promotion of Esperanto in North America. Send your membership dues to: ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA 114 W. 16 St., New York 11, N. Y. A Philippine guerrilla in Leyte, Adriano Ragracias, who fought for the freedom of his country during the Japanese occupation, now studies Esperanto and sees in it the solution for common understanding between the peoples of the world. He speaks Tagalog, several Visayan dialects, Spanish and English. He views Esper- anto as the living interlanguage created for interchange of thought between peoples of different national lan- guages — not to take the place of their mother tongues. He writes the Editor: "Sir: I found it one of my greatest pleasures to read your article "Filipinos Seek a Common Language", in the American Esperantist, Sep-Oct, 1945. I received it from Lieut. John M. Brewer, USNR, now stationed in Tacloban, Leyte. I wish to congTatulate you for the implications of your article." "After pondering upon the facts of your subject mat- ter, there came a thought to my heart, that the Filipinos, these days, are in need of a common language to ex- press the national aspiration of our people in the com- mon cause of the peace-loving nations of the world. That language must only be the ESPERANTO. I be- lieve that as our country advances in education, and as generations roll on, tribal dialects have to deterio- rate and become obsolete and finally disappear. The nationalized language would be maintained and cher- ished, while Esperanto and the nationalized language would clasp hand in hand — the international and the official languages." "It is my deepest concern that I will continue to study, how to write and how to speak the language of Esper- anto, as God liberally enables me. Wishing you a mighty success, I am yours truly, Adriano Ragracias, Provincial Guard, Tacloban, Leyte, Philippines." H. G. Publishing Co.