INTERLANGUAGE AMERICAN ESPERANTIST The World Language Problem Dr. Bjorn Collinder IALA's General Report, 1945 Where Is IALA Going? The Living Fact of Esperanto tenth Brazil Congress Filipinos Seek Common Tongue English Is Rejected Oficiala Organo de la ESPERANTO ASOCIO de NORD-AMERIKO SEP—OCT» 1945 Twenty-five Cents -a*mb»M Address communications to: AMERICAN ESPERANTIST Vol 60 G. ALAN CONNOR, Editor Nos. 9-10 114 West 16th Street New York 11, N. Y. Associate Editors: Dr. W. Solzbacher, Joseph Leahy, Doris Tappan Connor, Pauline Knight China: The Very Rev. Dr. John B. Kao. Eire: Lorcan O hUiginn, P.CT. CONTENTS — ENHAVO The World Language Problem......Dr. Bjorn Collinder 91 Where is IALA Going?........W. Solzbacher, Ph.D. 99 1924 — IALA — 1945................ 102 Basic English — Failure in India-....."Flandra Esperantisto" 103 The Living Fact of Esperanto...........'D. T. C. 103 Filipinos Seek a Common Language......George J. Edgier 104 Esperanto in Action.................. 106 A Fair Question on IALA...........The Editor 108 President's Letter............ Dr. Cecil Stockard 109 Ĝis la Revido...............Joseph Leahy 109 To the Members of E.AJSTA.........G. Alan Connor 110 La Verda Standardo, Malgraŭ Hitler....."Paco kaj Justeco" 111 Esperanto-Raporto de Svislando.........D. Troesch 113 Pri la Familio Zamenhof en Varsovio . . . D-ro Stephen Xamenhof 114 Recenzo: "Kiu estas Kiu en Usono" .... D-ro Lehman Wendell 114 Facila Legado: "Suzi"..........George S. Raymond 115 Friendly Tips for Students............D. T. C. 115 Esperanto-Kroniko................... 116 El Esperanto-Lando................... 117 Publicity! Are we equal to the challenge?.....Harold Ewen 119 Deziras Korespondi.................. 120 American Esperantist published bi-monthly for the Esperanto Associ- ation of North America, by the Esperanto Interlanguage Institute. Jarabono el iu ajn lando, $1. Membreco, $2. El landoj kie estas neeble sendi monon, AE akceptos bonajn Espo-librojn, kaj etendas la abonon laŭvalore. Make Checks Payable to Order of the Editor — 67. Alan Connor. Twenty-flve Cents per Copy — $1 per Year AMERICAN ESPERANTIST Vol. 60 SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1945 Nos. 9-1D THE WORLD LANGUAGE PROBLEM Dr. Bjorn Collinder Professor of Pinno-Ugrian Languages at the University of Upsala, Sweden Professor Collinder is one of the foremost linguists of our time. This article (from -which the introduction, showing the need for an international language, has been omitted) was printed in October 1944 in a Swedish teachers' journal, and in January 1945 in Esperanto Internacia. The idea that in international intercourse mutual understanding is the only thing that matters, is in itself sound and good. The er- ror comes in when it is forgot-' ten that such understanding will never become a reality if we try to make one of the national lan- guages the coirimon language of all mankind. A national language cannot become the world lan- guage without crashing the other national languages. This possibil- ity is naturally out of the ques- tion, at least in our time. When Latin was the language of the educated people, of the Catholic Church and of diplo- macy, the situation was entirely different. Latin was no one's mother tongue. No nation had the right to school - master the others when the verbal or writ- ten use of Latin was concerned. In order to solve the world language problem, we must go back to such a state of affairs- In our time, not all those who are in need of understanding with persons outside their own lan- guage community have the time and money to spend on many years of language study. What we need now is a simplified Lat- in, a rationally streamlined lan- guage, conserving the Latin-Greek vocabulary which is already inter- national, and at the same time so simple and regular that any- one may learn it in elementary school. Fortunately we have such a language — Esperanto. It has been in use for 57 years in al- most all countries and has al- ready an extensive literature of original works and translations. It has abundantly proved its ca- pacity to serve, and its vitality. Experiments have shown that it is able to render all distinctions and shades of thought that may appear in international relations. In numerous conferences there have been lively discussions and passionate debates in this lan- guage, and many persons have shown an impressive eloquence in it. If the world were not gov- erned by as little wisdom as it is, Esperanto would already have been introduced in the schools of 97 98 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST all lands, and the world language problem would have been solved. That this has not happened yet is due in part to ignorance, in part to a lack of good will. When the question of the introduction of Esperanto into the schools was discussed at the League of Na- tions, the French Government made a positive solution impos- sible because they feared that Es- peranto might challenge the role of French as the language of dip- lomacy. Most of the opposition to Es- peranto is, however, based on ig- norance and prejudice- In this, unfortunately, many linguists — though by no means all of them —have had a harmful influence. Some of them have even denied that a language of the Esperanto type could work at all. Such statements crumble completely, of course, before the trumpet sound of praaical experience. No one who has attended an Esperanto Congress can seriously insist that Esperanto does not work. There are also linguists who approve of Esperanto in principle but believe that it suffers of de- fetts in its details and should be reconstructed. I have carefully fol- lowed this linguistic criticism and, I am sorry to say, the prejudice underlying it, is entirely sterile and destructive, although it is in general inspired by the best in- tentions. All languages have their imperfettions and faults, not ex- cepting Esperanto. But those who insist that Esperanto is a failure and the work of a dilettant are all wrong. Esperanto is—accord- ing to earlier statements by com- petent linguists—the genial work of a highly gifted philologist, who devoted the best part of his life to the work of elaborating it, of giving it the best possible form, and of perfecting it- After a thor- ough examination of Ido, Occi- dental, Novial and Latino sine Flexione, the best-known among the competitors of Esperanto, I must say that it is my considered opinion that all of them are con- siderably inferior to Esperanto. Ido, by the way, is only a dia- lect of Esperanto. Occidental is easier to understand without study than Esperanto if one has already mastered French, English and Ger- man languages, but it is certainly incomparably more difficult to speak and to write. Novial was constructed by a world-famous linguist but it is my opinion that if either Esperanto or Novial has to be labeled as a produa of dil- ettantism it is certainly not Es- peranto. If one asks me how the world language problem should be solved, my answer is: It is solved already in Esperanto. The problem is only to get the solu- tion accepted by those who are in power. An ever increasing number of competent linguists agree with Prof. Collinder. WHERE IS I ALA GOING? W. SOLZBACHER, PH.D. The International Auxiliary Lan- guage Association in the United States Inc. (IALA), which is usu- ally identified in the eyes of the public with the person of its Hon- orary Secretary, Mrs. Dave Hennen Morris, has just published a "Gen- eral Report 1945," summarizing its activities in the past (since its foun- dation in 1924) and outlining its plans for the future. IALA has un- doubtedly aided in the promotion of the idea of an international auxil- iary language among important cir- cles which had hardly been reached before, in particular in the United States. It has been able to raise for its research and promotional activ- ities considerable funds, and to spend well over half a million dollars with- in twenty years. It has published the "General Language Course" by Helen S. Eaton, using Esperanto as a basis for the subsequent study»of Latin, French, Spanish, and German. It commissioned the late Professor H. N. Shenton, of Syracuse University, to make an extensive study on the language problems of international conferences (published under the ti- tle "Cosmopolitan Conversation" in 1933). It has helped to pierce the soap bubble of JBasic English. On behalf of IALA, Professor Edward L. Thorndike, of Columbia Uni- versity, undertook experimentation to "ascertain the relative ease of learn- ing constructed languages and natu- ral languages." Esperanto and Ido (a "reformed" dialect of Esperanto, ■which has died since) were the con- structed languages used, while French, German, Italian and Spanish were used for comparison. Professor Thorn- dike found that "on the whole, with expenditures of from ten to a hun- dred hours, the achievement in the synthetic language will probably be from five to fifteen times that in a natural language, according to the difficulty of the latter" (p. 50). When IALA was founded "to pro- mote widespread study, discussion and publicity of all questions involved in the establishment of an auxiliary lan- guage, together with research and ex-. periment that may hasten such estab- lishment in an intelligent manner and on stable foundations" (p. 15), the problem seemed to consist pri- marily in an investigation of the re- spective claims of Esperanto and Ido. In view of die fact that Ido was more difficult' to learn than Esperanto and that the Ido movement, even in its heydey, never reached even 5 per cent of the strength of the Esperanto movement, the Esperantists were cer- tain that IALA would soon decide in favor of Esperanto and become a valuable ally in the work for Esper- anto. Such an ally would have been particularly welcome in the United States where' people were less "lan- guage-conscious" than elsewhere and' where the Esperanto movement has unfortunately remained far behind the strength which it achieved in Euro- pean ■ countries, in the Far East, and in Brazil. IALA has, however, not fulfilled these expectations. Instead of rallying to the support of the only living Interlanguage (after the dis- appearance of Ido), the few persons controlling IALA decided to concoct a new project, defying all experiences of the past and adding another life- less blueprint to the long list of those whose failure is a matter of record in the history of Interlinguistics. The "General Report" contains samples of what the future IALA language is expected to be like and explains the principles according to which it is being constructed. As a matter of fact, die IALA staff has not been working on one language but on three at a time, referred to 99 100 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST as. the "Naturalistic Model,'' the "Schematic E Model," and the "Sche- matic K Model." The "Naturalistic" language looks like Peano's "Latino sine Flexione" with a dash (a very Light dash, though) of de Wain's "OccidentaL" The "Schematic E" lan- guage is the same product exposed to. the influence of Jespersen's "No- vial," Some Esperanto influence has been added in the manufacture of the "Schematic K" model LALA re- search and money do not seem to have produced anything new or orig- inal How an amalgamation of sev- eral unsuccessful projects, with a tiny bit of Esperanto flavor added, is to produce a successful Interlanguage is dhflcult to grasp. The IAEA languages? suffer of an incurable congenital disease. They are much too difficult, to, learn. Eor a Russian, or a Chinese,, the: "Natu- ralistic" form is almost as. difficult as*; English or Spanish. For- an Eng- fi^irspeaking person for a • French- man, Spaniard, Portuguese,.' Italian), the.f written language js, ifnroediately understandable */ be knows Latin and/or several of the Romance lan- guages. Understanding the spoken Iknguage would j be difficult, how- eyer, and learning: to speak the lan- guage would: be • many. pines more diffiailt than learning» to. speak Es- peranto. The "Schematic E" ; and 'ISchematic K" languages would be somewhat ; easier -to learn, j because their word, derivation is .less irregu- lar; and the "K" model; has; phonetic spelling (which has been neglected in the other; models for the, sake of "natural" appearance). Both "E" and "K" are, however, definitely inferior to. Esperanto. One might say q£ the IALA languages what Lancelot Hoghen and Frederick Bpdmef say of Latino sine Flexione ("The Loom of Language, p. 47b): "Its author ignored the interests: Of, the peoples of Africa and, Asia,: as; he also ig- nored, the plain man in Europe." IALA claims to arrive at its lan- guage by the "impersonal methods of science" (General Report, p. 18). It cannot be denied, however, that "the basic procedures of IALA's system of standardization" are arbitrarily chos- en. IALA says that they have been established by a Committee on Agree- ment and that the six members of this Committee are persons of great reputation. It would be easy, how- ever, to. find a much larger number of persons of equally great reputation who consider those "basic proced- ures" as erroneous and inadequate. There is no proof to indicate that the members of the Committee on Agreement speak for anyone but themselves. Who selected them? Mrs. Morris! It would seem that in the last analysis IALA's methods are not half as "Impersonal" as is claimed. IALA i uses "control languages'' (English, j French, Italian, Spanish- Portuguese, these two counting as one unit). Words appearing in at least three control languages are con- sidered, as "international." The "pro- totype"; of; each word is obtained by a study, pf. its etymology. The result is—naturafly—almost identical with Professor Peano's "Latino sine Flex- ione" project. The short "samples" given in the "General Report" show, however, that IALA does not hesi- tate to break its own "impersonal" rules • whenever that is found more convenient. Take, for instance, Eng- lish "but," French "mais," Italian "ma," Spanish "mas," Portuguese "mas." . Etymolpgically, the word which is ; round in all of IALA's "control , Hnguages" except English, comes from the Latin "magis." But —disregarding its own rules—IALA chooses for Its "Naturalistic" lan- guage "sed," which does not exist in a single "control language." I do not object; to "sed" (Esperanto uses if) but», wish, to draw attention to the WHERE IS IALA GOING? 1G1 fact that in this case, as in others, IALA uses arbitrary decision, not "impersonal" rules. It is even more surprising that the "Naturalistic" "sed" becomes "ma" in "Schematic E" and switches back to "sed" in "Schematic K.' How this is com- patible with the statement that "our schematic vocabulary is developed by applying certain additional proced- ures to the basic procedures which have produced the fundamental nat- uralistic vocabulary" (p. 35) is be- yond my understanding. One of the few words in IAEA's sample text (pp. 44-45) which are different from what they would be in Latino sine Flexione is "guerra" for "war" (Peano has "bello"). The written word might be acceptable. The spoken word is not. "Guerra" is a romanized Germanic word. (in Old French the "gu" stands for Old German and Anglo-Saxon "w"). IALA pronounces the "u"; "gooairah" while of all the national languages only Italian does so. Matters are worse in the case of IALA's "gua- rantire" (also a romanized Germanic word). French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, German, Dutch, Scandinavian, Russian—and, of course, Esperanto— have the stem "garanti" or "garant." English has "u" in the spelling but disregards it in the pronunciation. IALA, unlike any living language, writes and pronounces "gu." These examples, based on a 300-word sam- ple text, could easily be extended. It is not the custom in the Esper- anto movement to pay much atten- tion to new language projects, which are produced at the rate of half a dozen a year and are usually forgot- ten before the printer's bill for the first textbook is paid. The three IALA projects, as language projects, would not deserve any space in the American Esperantist either. They are mentioned here because in this case there is a danger of great damage being done to the Interlanguage idea by these projects, or their final prod- uct, being marketed under the cover of recommendations which were giv- en for the earlier research activities of IALA by organizations, linguists, and interlinguists who, in fact, do not approve at all of the dilettantism underlying the production of IALA's own dialect. Page 64 of the General Report lists members of the Second Inter- national Congress of Linguists, Ge- neva, 1931, and of the Third Inter- national Congress of Linguists, Rome, 1933, who signed a testimonial ex- pressing their "general sympathy with IALA's Program of Linguistic Re- search." Among them are, for in- stance, Dr. Bjorn Collinder, Profes- sor of Finno-Ugrian Languages at the University of Upsala, Sweden, and Dr. Bruno Migliorini, Professor of Linguistics at the University of Rome, Italy. Professor Collinder, in October 1944, in a Swedish teacher's journal published an article in which he says: "There are linguists who approve of Esperanto in principle but believe that it suffers from de- fects in its details and should be reconstructed. I have carefully fol- lowed this linguistic criticism and, I am sorry to say, the prejudice un- derlying it is entirely sterile and de- structive. . . . After a thorough exr amination of Ido, Occidental, Novial and Latino sine Flexione, the best- known among the competitors of Esperanto, I must say that it is my considered opinion that all of them are considerably inferior to Esper- anto. ... If one asks me how the world language problem should be solved, my answer is: It is solved already in Esperanto. The problem is only to get the solution accepted by those in power." (See also Professor Collinder's article in this issue.) Professor Migliorini's opinion, sim- ilar to that of Professor Collinder, 102 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST appears in his article on "Universal Languages" in the "Enciclopedia Ita- lians (Vol. 19, pp. 396-398): "Occi- dental looks less artificial than Esper- anto but the difficulties of learning it arc only little inferior to those of learning a natural tongue. ... It is obvious that a project coming fresh from the mind of some scholar may have a number of valuable features. But it is not possible to simply put such a language on the same level with a language like Esperanto which has been practically used in many fields for two generations and which, though it has not succeeded in be- coming generally accepted, has proved in practical life that it satisfies the most various requirements." There can be little doubt that if someone would undertake to poll all the linguists whose names one finds in IALA's "General Report," a ma- jority of them—probably an over- whelming majority—would have to be "counted out" when it comes to supporting IALA's own projects. It may be assumed that IAEA will do a better job than Latino sine Flexione, Occidental and Novial in promotional activities, fund -raising, publications, lobbying at Government Departments and private organiza- tions, etc. One need, however, not be much of a prophet to predict that its language will fail to penetrate into practical use. Indirectly IALA's endeavors may in part have aided Esperanto and the Interlanguage idea. It must be feared, however, that any positive results from earlier endeavors will be outweighed by the confusion which IALA's efforts are bound to create in the minds of people who are not well acquainted with the facts and the problem. It should be clearly understood by all Interlinguists that whatever IALA's merits may have been in the past, it has ceased to be an impartial, objective research or- ganization and has deliberately chos- en to add its name to the list of hun- dreds of other lifeless language proj- ects which have unsuccessfully tried to displace Esperanto, to which each one of them is gready inferior. 1924—IALA—1945 In 1924, when international projects were rampant as a result of the Esperanto-Ido schism, IALA was organized to bring agreement between the competing systems. In its "Outline of Program", 1924, adopted by IALA's Advisory Committee and Board of Directors, It declared (p. 13): "The Association (IALA) has no Intention of developing or promoting any new language. In regard to different systems, its function is merely to serve as a neutral clear- ing house for study and information." In 1945, when natural evolution and the dictates of history have thor- oughly discredited Ido, discouraged most project-puzzlers, and brought Esper- anto to the fore throughout the world as the sole living Interlanguage, IALA turns to developing and promoting new projects, viz.: NATUBALISTIC, SCHEMATIC E, and SCHEMATIC K. These were preceded by IALA (Tentative Form), in 1944. BASIC ENGLISH—FAILURE IN INDIA Translated from June 1945 issue of Flandra Esperantisto. "In the United Provinces, during the last three years, we have carried out practical experiments with Basic in the Government Training College, Allahabad. The results have not con- firmed our expectations. . . . "Our experience—and I think that we allowed it a fair chance—has not encouraged us to go ahead with its use. "Since vague and misleading state- ments, claiming that by means of Basic Indian students can be taught English in a solid and easy manner, can cause harm, I have deemed it necessary to make the results of our practical experiments known." (signed) J. C. POWEL-PRICE Administrator of Public Education United Provinces, India THE LIVING FACT OF ESPERANTO On April 14th, 1945, many new faces appeared among the inhabit- ants of Rio de Janiero, Brazil. Every- where, one heard talk in and about Esperanto, for the occasion was the 10th Brazilian Congress of Esperanto. The Congress was held under the patronage of the President of Brazil, Getulio Vargas, and the honorary committee consisted of various Min- isters, the Archbishop of Rio, the Mayor of Rio, the Minister from Po- land, and the President of the Brazil- ian Bank. The provisional Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jose Roberto de Macedo Soares, officially opened the Congress. Dr. Raul Leitao da Cunha, Rector of the University of Brazil, delivered the opening address on the history of international language and its full realization in Esperanto. The Representative of the Minister of Education, Leal da Costa, spoke at the closing session, emphasizing the fact that Esperanto had, without ques- tion, attained its goal as the World Interlanguage, and that only pessi- mists could not realize its final tri- umph for the good of humanity. The President of the Congress was Jose Carlos de Macedo Soares, ex- Minister of Foreign Affairs, now Pre- sident of the "Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics", a depart- ment of the Government. Esperanto is, by statute, the official auxiliary language of the Institute. It has pub- lished numerous booklets, tourist fold- ers, and Statistical Resumes in Espe- ranto. During the present Congress they published a beautifully printed and illustrated book of the life, cus- toms and industry of Brazil, entitled "Tipoj kaj Aspektoj de Brazilo". The Institute is now preparing a map of Brazil with Esperanto text, which will be sent throughout the world. The General Director of Post and Telegraph issued two new postage stamps with Esperanto text in honor of the Congress. In the past, Brazil has issued four different postage stamps, honoring Esperanto. The of- ficial radio station of the Ministry of Education presented a weekly broadcast about Esperanto and broad- cast the opening and closing sessions of the Congress. For the Brazilians there are no longer polemics and academic pro- ject - puzzling about Interlanguage. During the war, the only two lan- guages permitted in publications with- in Brazil were Idioma Brasileira (Por- tuguese) and Esperanto, thus showing that the Brazilian Government and people appreciate the living fact of Esperanto. 103 FILIPINOS SEEK A COMMON LANGUAGE ENGLISH IS REJECTED George J. Falgier Teacher of Languages, now U. S. Radio Officer Esperantists, admittedly the most active group in the field, are famil- iar with efforts and proposals to pro- vide a common auxiliary language and thus to breach the language walls separating the nations of the world. On a miniature scale a similar battle is being waged here in the Philip- pines, where the immediate need is for a common national tongue. The methods of attacking the problem and the attendant success or failure are bound to be instructive for those who are engaged in the larger strug- gle for a world inter-language. For cenmries the topography of the Philippines, which consist of 7,084 mountainous islands, has iso- lated tribal communities and allowed the development of the 200 dialects estimated to be in use among the Filipinos. Modern conditions are changing all this. As a national life grows, the hindering effect of inter- tribal language barriers becomes more and more noticeable. Many of the dialects are closely related and may be grouped under the name of one or another of the native tongues. The chief one is acknowledged to be Tagalog, both in number of users and in extensiveness of its literature, yet there are only two million Tagalogs in a population of 17,000.000 Filipinos. The prospect of independence gave a new impetus to the desire for a common national language, and as early as 1936 a definite movement to this end was launched by Presi- dent Quezon, himself a Tagalog. A committee was appointed, a presi- dential order was promulgated, an Institute of National Language was founded, a law was passed, and the Filipino national language became a legal but not an accomplished fact. Tagalog was chosen, but before pas- sage the bill was amended to allow inclusions from other native lan- guages, Tagalog to remain as the basis for the composite. Here is seen a recognition of the Esperanto principle. However, application of the principle has been very limited. Even if so inclined, the Institute whose duty it is to prepare diction- aries and textbooks, could not have designed a satisfactory "Esperanto" in the time limit of two years set by the law. Although the Institute does not use the name Tagalog in its publications but simply refers to its product as the National Lan- guage, that product iis definitely Tagalog. Inclusions from other na- tive languages are too few to be helpful to the non-Tagalogs, but sufficient to arouse resentment among the Tagalogs, who naturally dislike having their tribal tongue tinkered with. English was not considered for the position of national language. President Quezon in a speech before the Philippine Writers' League in 1940 asserted that with few excep- tions English could not be properly taught except by American teachers. He supported his declaration by calling attention to the fact that the English spoken by the present gen- eration of Filipinos, who were taught by native teachers, is inferior to that used by persons who had American teachers during die early years of occupation. (This deteri- oration would probably be progres- 104 FILIPINOS SEEK A COMMON LANGUAGE 105 sive.) In the same speech he an- nounced that after full independence was attained, English would be drop- ped entirely from the elementary curriculum. Quezon: "Too much money has already been wasted in teaching English in the primary schools, all to no good purpose." It is justifiable to assume that patriotic sentiments had much to do with the rejection of English. It is to suffer the fate which is com- monly experienced by the language of a conqueror when his erstwhile subjects gain full freedom of choice, even though he was a paternally benevolent master and the high standing of his language is acknow- ledged. The Filipinos are sincerely and profoundly grateful to the Uni- ted States, but at the same time have preserved their national spirit and pride. This fact in itself is a com- pliment to United States policy. Observation of Filipinos in city and country bears out the state- ments of Quezon and creates the conviction that English has never won true acceptance in the Filipino heart. When Filipino converses with Filipino, a native language is invariably used. English is not heard among children at play. Three Tagalogs and three Visayans, who composed the crew of a native sail- ing canoe in which I enjoyed a ride off the coast of Mindoro, made themselves understood to each other without resorting to English although all of them could speak it. I visited the home of Antonio Ji- menez, Professor in the Far Eastern University. He is not antagonistic to things American; quite the con- trary is true. Thoroughly loyal, he contributed to and helped distribute the Liberator, guerrilla underground publication during the Japanese oc- cupation. He has a degree from an American university, speaks and writes eloquent English. Mrs. Jimenez also has fluent command of the language. Yet in their home Tagalog is spoken; the children understand no word of English. Although the Professor had wished them to learn it in the family circle, the pressure of environment prevailed. Two outcomes seem possible for the Filipino experiment in setting up a tribal tongue as the official na- tional or inter-tribal language. The less likely is that the effort will suc- ceed as planned. The same patriotic pride which induced all the Filipinos to turn away from English may be expected to lead the fifteen million non-Tagalogs to be cool toward Ta- galog. The more likely outcome may be that the native language of a region will assume the chief place in the schools of that region, the in- struction in Tagalog degenerating in- to a gesture. In the latter event, substantiation will be provided for the contentions of those philologists who maintain that a successful inter-language must be non-tribal, non-national (like Es- peranto) in order to be free from the fatal tendency to glorify or demean particular national cultures. For in the present-day world nationalistic or patriotic feelings are sensitive and potent, and must be reckoned with. If the Filipino leaders had the vi- sion to adopt Esperanto for the com- mon inter-tribal auxiliary or second language, allowing the native langua- ges to dominate their own regions (as they are likely to do in any case), the prospects of eventual success would perhaps be brighter. Certain- ly, for most of the non-Tagalogs Esperanto would be easier to learn than Tagalog. Students of the language •problem need the "American Esperantist"—$1 a year. ESPERANTO IN ACTION The "New Zealand Esperantist," which has recently become a well- printed periodical, publishes extracts from a radio talk which Dr. Fred J. Williams, one of the leaders of the Esperanto movement in the Fiji Is- lands, in the Southern Pacific, deliv- ered over Station ZJV, Suva. Dr. Wil- liams told how he learned Esperanto 30 years ago, using it in Australia and in North China. At the National Uni- versity of Peking there was an Espe- ranto Department presided over by a Chinese lecturer. Later when Dr. Wil- liams was transferred to the tiny is- land of Samara! in Papua, he started a fascinating correspondence in Espe- ranto until he had pen friends in one hundred countries and colonies. In 1036 Dr. Williams set out on a jour- ney around the world, using Esperanto everywhere and attending the Jubilee Esperanto Congress in Warsaw, Po- land. "One thousand members from thirty different countries and a thou- sand visitors took part in it. I present- ed greetings from the Government of Papua and also from the New Zea- land Esperantists. Then for a week we had dozens of meetings, literary, sci- entific, social, etc. The Roman Cath- olics, Protestants and Jews held reli- gious services in the language. One night we took the Opera House where plays were produced in Esperanto, and the climax of the Congress was an In- ternational Ball. To be directed to one's hotel by an Esperantist who saw the badge on one's coat, to be offered a paper by a newsboy speaking Espe- ranto, and to find an Esperanto menu in a restaurant were indeed interest- ing experiences in Warsaw. I am not exaggerating when I say that it was easier to make myself understood in Poland when talking to Esperantists from thirty different countries than it was in England speaking in English to people using various English dia- lects." In France, where the Esperanto movement used to be split into many organizations, a Conference held at the Sorbonne in Paris, at Easter, decided the establishment of a united organi- zation under the name "Esperanto Union for France and the Colonies" (UEF). This organizaton is divided into regional federations. The former independent organizations (profes- sional, religious, political, etc.) are re- placed by "sections" of UEE, member- ship in which is optional for any UEF member who wishes to join. Such sec- tions exist for the following 19 cate- gories: Workers, Teachers, Post Office Employees, Policemen, Catholics, Prot- estants, Jews, Quakers, Commerce and Industry (including Banking and In- surance), Scientists, Physicians and Pharmacists, Lawyers, Stamp Collect- ors, Members of Youth Hostel Organ- izations, Athletes, Professional Artists, Communications, Railroad Employees, Radio. * In the Netherlands, Esperanto has successfully weathered the storm of Nazi tyranny, according to an item "Esperanto Again in the Netherlands" in the New York Knickerbocker Weekly: "Because the inventor of Esperanto belonged to a 'race* which Hitler & Co. disliked and because a language which has as its purpose the promotion of international solidarity does not fit in with the plans of Ger- man nationalist gangsterism, the use of Esperanto by Dutchmen was for- bidden as soon as the occupation be- gan. It is, however, a sign of the times that the Tutmonda Junular-Organizo, the Esperanto youth organization, has already resumed its activities in the Netherlands and is planning to send a delegation to an International Youth Camp which is being organized for the coming year in England. Like many other valuable things, Esperanto has survived Hitler & Co." 106 AROUND THE WORLD In the Near East, the Seventh Pal- estinian Esperanto Congress was re- cently held at Jerusalem, the Second Egyptian Esperanto Congress at Alex- andria. Relations between the move- ments in the two countries are very cordial. Three Egyptian representa- tives attended last year's Palestinian Esperanto Congress. No less than 110 Palestinian Esperantists planned to attend the Egyptian Congress, but passport visas could not be secured in time. A majority of the Egyptian Esperantists are Arabs while a ma- jority of those in Palestine are Jews. Esperanto provides an absolutely neu- tral and equitable tongue for inter- racial fraternization. It eliminates the psychological barrier. The Very Reverend ]. B. Kao, O.F.M., prominent Chinese Esperahtist and Corresponding Editor of the "American Esperantist," has created great interest in Esperanto in the South American countries which he has been visiting as a member of the Chinese Relief Commission. A recent issue of the magazine "Pernambuco Esperantis- ta" contains an article by a young Bra- zilian intellectual, Olinto Barbosa Pbn- seca, who tells that he used to be skep- tical of Esperanto, the knowledge and use of which is widespread in Brazil. One of his arguments was that Espe- ranto, though perhaps satisfactory as an auxiliary language for the Western na- tions, would have no chances at all among Orientals. This argument was completely demolished, however,—In a kind and polite way but thoroughly— by a lecture which Father Kao deliv- ered under the auspices of the Brazil- ian Press Association in Rio de Janeiro. Hearing this prominent Chinese speak- ing Esperanto fluently and beautifully made Senhor Barbosa Fonseca change his mind. He now acknowledges his former error in a delightful article— written in Esperanto. In Belgium, Esperanto is being taught and used again on the radio, in schools, in clubs and organizations. The Courtray radio station has been broadcasting a weekly Esperanto news program every Sunday morning, since April 22. The Esperanto Journals, "Flandra Esperantisto." Flandra Ka- toliko," and "Paco kaj Justeco," ap- pear regularly. Two new Esperanto groups in Ghent, "Kunlaboro" (Col- laboration) and "La Junaj EsperanrJs- toj" (Young Esperantists), are pub- lishing mimeographed periodicals. Irl Ghent, there is also an Esperanto Chess Club, "La Verdaj Cevalanoj" ("The Green Horsemen"). Esperanto is taught at both the Industrial High School and the Royal Athenaeum, at Ghent. At Bouchout, on the North Sea coast, an* Esperantist camp was held this summer. At Antwerp, the Esperanto House? (Esperanto-Domo) of the Belgiart Esperanto League has survived the wax and sells Esperanto* literature and textbooks. At Brussels^ four local Esperanto organizations have joined forces In an Inter-Group1 Committee fEsperanto-Komitato In- tergrupa, EKI). At a* festival organ-' ized by EKI on May 10, six nation- alities were represented among the 20(J persons in atfendance. The constituent organizations of EKI are: the Brus- sels Branch of the Belgian Esperanto League, the Flemish Esperanto Insti- tute, the Brussels Branch of the Work- ers' Esperanto Federation, and the Es- peranto Group "Nova Vojo.ri * Esperanto EM-Radio Program. Sta- tion WABF-FM, The Information Sta- tion. New York, began a series of weekly half-hour broadcasts on Au- gust 24, entitled "The Lanrmage" Problem and Its Solution in Espe- ranto." Anita De Mars. Proxram Di- rector, arranged for discussion and lessons in Esperanto by Doris and Alan Connor. ; 107 AMERICAN ESPERANTIST G. Alan Connor, Editor 114 West 16th Street New York 11, N. Y. THE EDITOR'S DESK A FAIR QUESTION "Where is IALA going?" We de- vote four pages in this issue to the enterprise known as IALA. Much ado has been made by this organization over the innumerable dead projects, ancient and modern, for AN inter- national auxiliary languages Ordinar- ily the sole living inierlanguage, ES- PERANTO, ignores project - puzzles and project - puzzlers. But the great social and financial eminence of Mrs: Morris (the former Alice Vander- bilt) who guides the destinies of IALA, lend special emphasis to the dangers of confusion and schism which may result from unwise use of such power. For fifty-eight years, Esperanto has steadily evolved and is being used in every part of the world. It has achieved considerable official recog- nition in some lands. Natural evolu- tion has brought Esperanto far along the road to both perfection and rec- ognition. No cloistered academic puz- zling can now hope to affect the final triumph of the living tongue Esperanto. We print an analysis of IAEA's Report for 1945, in the hope that IALA will reconsider its trend to new projects, as well as its criT tenia for arriving at an academic per- fection in projects.. Dr. W. Solzbacher is an eminent linguist. He is one of the ablest in the field of practical linguistics, and he is a world-renowned Esperantist. His analysis merits Careful considera- tion. Then, too, among the world's very greatest linguists we find those who give complete recognition to Es- peranto as the accomplished solution of the world language problem. See Professor Collinder's 'article in this number. Furthermore, We have it from excellent authority that mod- ern "scientific linguists" have just re- cently repudiated IALA's research as entirely amateurish and unscientific. IALA has made much of the fact that Esperanto has not been com- pletely adopted as yet, after fifty- eight years of development. This is highly unscientific testimony. If it were valid argument, then the Metric System is even more a failure, since we have not completely adopted it after more than twice fifty-eight years. Full application of both world con- cepts will come when sufficient force is generated against inertia, and when the need is universally obvious. That time is rapidly approaching. IALA has also made much of their "new science of interlinguistics" and similar catch-phrases, yet any serious student will find no appreciable dif- ference between IALA's "Tentative Form of 1944" and Peano's Latino sine Flexione of 1903, which has been dead these many long years. And we need not search long to find the rea- son for its demise, while at the same time we. may find the reason for IALA's whole endeavor. It is simply emphasis on a LATIN for the elite —for scholars, scientists and Latin- ists, who already know several Ro- mance tongues. But the world now, in this Atomic Age, needs a simple world auxiliary for the common man, which will at the same time be whol- ly adequate for the most erudite and learned applications Such a language is ESPERANTO. It is now too late to revive the "Latino" of Peano's time. Esperanto is firmly fixed in the living activi- ties of all classes of men in all parts of the world. "Where is IALA go- ing?" Will IALA 'drop the substance for the shadow,' or will it accept the verdict of* history and the living fact of Esperanto? A fair question. 108 The Esperanto Association of North America EXECUTIVE COMMTTEE Dr. Cecil Stockard, President, G. Alan Connor, Gen. Seedy, Joseph Leahy, Member PRESIDENT'S LETTER PEACE! I have no words to express what peace means to us, to the people of all the world! On the occasion of the raising of die American Flag in Berlin, President Truman made a speech, which, in my opinion, will go down in history by the side of Lincoln's Gettysburg Address. "We are raising this Flag in the name of the United States, who are looking forward to a better world, a more peace- ful world, in which all the people will have an opportunity of enjoying peace and opportunity." Take note of that, not just our own people, but "all the people." "There is not one piece of territory, or one thing of monetary nature that we want out of this war," continued Mr. Truman. "We want peace and prosperity for the world as a whole." How greatly diis bright new world will need Esperanto! What a wonderful opportunity for us to supply, to make known to the world that we can supply this much-needed interlanguage, one of the greatest possible aids towards has- tening the time when—again quoting the President's speech—" ... we can do the things in peace that we have been able to do in war. If we can put this tremendous machine of ours which has made this victory possible, to work for peace, we could look forward to the greatest age in the history of mankind. This is what we propose to do." The greatest thing Esperantists can do is to enter wholeheartedly into a tremendous campaign of propaganda in this time of great opportunity and need. "This is what we propose to do." The election is over. The Officers proposed by the Executive Committee were elected almost unanimously. Let us hope that this will mean a greater co- operation and a closer fellowship in the years to come than we have ever known before. The appointment of Committees will proceed slowly. There are a number of our finest potential leaders now in the Armed Forces, and it is our wish to put them to work for 'la afero' as rapidly as they are able to return to civilian life. Let's aE work together in the times of "peace and opportunity" which lie ahead. "This is what we propose to do." — Cecil Stockard. GIS LA REVIDO ! All affairs connected with the General Secretary's Office have been trans- ferred to the new address and personnel in New York. Now I am stepping aside as your long-time "Office Boy." My sole concern has been, and will be, for ESPERANTO as the logical and only living auxiliary language in the world. I am happy in the sure belief that I am leaving the Central Office of EANA in the hands of enthusiastic, qualified and capable people, who will hold high our banner for ESPERANTO. — Joseph Leahy, Past-Secretary 109 TO THE MEMBERS OF E. A. N. A. It is with sincere gratitude, yet mindful of tremendous labors and respon- sibilities, that I greet you as your General Secretary. By your votes I have re- ceived a most encouraging expression of confidence, along with all other mem- bers of the 'estraro.' Never was there a better time for the practical promotion of ESPERANTO. On this one supreme and neutral objective all of us can learn to work together in harmony. Quite naturally, there are many cross-currents and special interests which strive for emphasis in our councils and official organ "AE." I take it that the General Secretary must sincerely try to serve ALL legitimate interests, yet hold courageously to the main current of absolutely neutral promotion and applica- tion of Esperanto, as directed by the official purposes of E.A.N.A. Only those intimately acquainted with the problems of the Central Office can appreciate the difficulties. Considering my predecessor, Joseph Leahy, and his long and faithful service against tremendous odds, I stand humble and with profound respect for his sacrifice and service. Looking backward over issues of "AE" since 1910, I find again and again pleas from the various Secretaries for patience and understanding relative to the labors. May I repeat the old refrain! Let us unite on the one all-important objective—the promotion and appli- cation of ESPERANTO. Let us increase our support, financial and moral, for E.A.N.A. and "AE," to the end that we have an effective organization and a powerful organ to serve ALL interests until we reach sure and solid recognition by the public agencies of America. If we are to succeed, we must present but ONE interlanguage (Esperanto) to the public. By the same token, we must not dissipate our moral and financial strength, but pool our slender resources for those aims we all have in common. In that spirit, and with those principles, I will labor for E.A.N.A. In the words of the poet, Louis MacNeice ('Spring- hoard'—Poems) 1941-44, entitled "Babel": Patriots, dreamers, die-hards, theoreticians, all, Can't we ever, my love, speak in the same language? Or shall we go, still quarreling over words, to the wall? Have we no aims in common? — G. Alan Connor, Gen. Sec'y EANA CERTIFICATION RE 1945 ELECTION: The results were practically unanimous, 151 votes for each candidate (the exception being 150 votes for Vice-President). Miss Orloff, our former Vice-President, who had declined fur- ther office because of other important activities, received one write-in vote. We briefly summarize the list of officers to save space: Dr. Cecil Stockard, President; Robt. Karlson, Vice-President; G. Alan Connor, Gen. Sec'y; Doris T. Connor, Ass't Sec'y; E. A. Knight, Treasurer; Joseph Leahy, Member Exec. Coram. The complete certification, signed by official tellers, Mrs. Wm. H. Gal- land and Anne M. Leahy, is on file at Central Office. MEMBERSHIP & SUB RENEWALS: From now on renewal slip will be found only in last issue of your subscription series. Immediate renewal, upon receiving this slip, will greatly facilitate the work of the "AE" staff. 110 VERDA STANDARDO—MALGRAU HITLER Laŭ "Paco kaj Justeco", Bruĝo, Belgujo Dika pakaĵo alvenis per la poŝto. La poŝtmarkoj montris, ke ĝi venis el liberigita Belgujo. Malfermante ĝin, ni trovis, ke ĝi enhavis nume- rojn de Esperanto-gazeto, kiu aperis en Bruĝo (Brugge) sub la Nazi- okupado. Tiuj numeroj de "Paco kaj Justeco" sendube estas kaj restos gra- vaj dokumentoj pruvantaj la neven- keblan vivoforton de Esperanto. La gazeto aperis tute regule ĉiumonate ĝis la liberigo de Belgujo. Ĉi anko- raŭ aperas ĉiumonate kun tre inte- resa enhavo. La bele presita kovrilo montras simbole du manojn unuigi- tajn en forta manpremo—'Paco"—, pesilon—"Justeco"—kaj la Kvinpin- tan Stelon. Malgraŭ Hitler kaj la Nazi-tiraneco, en Bruĝo, tiu malnova kaj bela flandra urbo, estis homoj, kiuj neniam perdis sian kredon je paco kaj justeco kaj iuj alte tenis la verdan standardon. Kiam la pioniroj en Bruĝo ko- mencis la danĝeran laboron de ĉiu- monata publikigo de Esperanto-ga- zeto, ill bone konis la finan malsuk- ceson de alia "subtera" Esperanto- gazeto en Belgujo. En 1941 Flandra Ligo Esperantista eldonis kvin bele presitajn numeroj n de "Flandra Espe- rantisto." La sesa numero jam estis en la presejo, kiam la Gestapo flaris ion; la 25an de Novembro 1941 Ges- tapo-agentoj frapis je la pordo de D-ro Theo Van Gindertaelen, Pre- zidanto de FLE. Severa "esploro" de liaj "krimoj" komenciĝis. Flandra Li- go Esperantista estis devigata ĉesigi ĉiun laboron. Tamen poste Flandra Esperanto-Instituto revigliĝis kaj ven- dis—malgraŭ Hitler—grandajn kvan- tojn da Esperanto-libroj. Ĝi eĉ presis novan katalogon. Malgraŭ la neebleco replenigi la stokon, la Instituto ven- dis dum la milito librojn je tuta kos- to de 75,000 frankoj (laŭ nuna kurzo 1,700 dolaroj). En Bruĝo dum tiu tempo la pioniroj de "Paco kaj Jus- teco," ekzemple D-ro Fernand Roose, Fons Norro, Roger Iserentant, vigle laboradis. Niaj legantoj nun estas in- vitataj sekvi tiun laboron helpe de mallongaj elĉerpaĵoj el la numeroj de "Paco kaj Justeco." La 12an de Majo 1940 la Xl-a Kongreso de Flandra Ligo Esperan- tista estis akazonta en Bruselo. La prezidanto kaj la sekretario de "Paco kaj Justeco" jam pretigis siajn vali- zojn, esperante pasigi kelkajn agra- blajn tagojn en la ĉefurbo. Sed la lOan de Majo, kiel fulmotondro el blua ĉielo, la milito venis al Belgujo. La katastrofo ŝajnis neniigi la vivon de la Esperanto-grupo, sed ne por longe. Jam en Julio la membroj kun- venis denove kaj rekomencis la bi- ciklo -ekskursojn, kiuj ĉiam ludis grandan rolon en la grupvivo. En la aŭmno—malgraŭ Hitler kaj la mi- lito—Esperanto-kurso komenciĝis. En 1941 okazis ĉiusemajnaj grup- kunvenoj kaj unufoje en ĉiu monato "amuza vespero." "La estraro intencis, malgraŭ la okupado de nia lando, vigle daŭrigi la laboradon kiel kutime dum normalaj cirkonstancoj. . . . Tamen la estraro ne kontentiĝis pri la manko de intereso de la plej granda parto de la gemembraro, kiu nur tre mal- regule ĉeestis la kunvenojn. Aŭ ĉu la kaŭzo estis la timo pro la mal- helo kaj ŝirmpafado kontraŭ mala- mikaj flugmaŝinoj anstataŭ manko de intereso? Dum la monato Marto ni feliĉe povis sciigi al niaj gemem- broj la reaperadon de kelkaj Esper- anto-revuoj, kiel i.a. la konata 'La Praktiko.' . . . Meze de Majo atin- gis nin la sciigo pri la malpermeso en Nederlando de la agado de ĉiuj societoj kun internacia tendenco. Nia movado per tio ricevis teruran baton, car Holando iĝis (post germanigado- de Aŭstrujo) la 'Verda Paradizo'... Plej frapanta afero dum Junio estis la intensa Esperanto-propagando fa- 111 112 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO rita de niaj junaj kamaradoj Gr. Maertens kaj E. Debaets en ilia ler- nejo. . . . Ni ankaŭ starigis ŝakklu- beton, literaturklubeton kaj projektis ankoraŭ aliajn. Kompreneble ĉiuj tiuj klubetoj estas kaj restas subsekcioj de nia Esperanto-Grupo 'Paco kaj Jus- teco/ kaj oni ilin nur starigis ce- lante tiamaniere teni geamatorojn de tiuj diversaj ludoj kaj sportoj en nia propra rondo." En la jaro 1942 "nia unua kun- veno (laborkunveno) okazis In San de Januaro. La ĝenerala jarkunveno, laŭ kutimo kaj statutoj, estis deci- data por la 15a de Januaro. Neniu pensis je tiu momento pri la fakto, ke neimagebla malvarmeco kaj ankaŭ la manko de karboj, kiu malebligis al ni varmigi la ejon, ĉesigus de la 12a de Januaro ĝis la 15a de Marto ĉian aktivecon. Neniam antaŭe en la historio de nia grupo (kaj je tiu mo- mento ni ja ekzistis jam de kvin ja- roj) okazis del longtempa senakti- veco. Felice deko da gemembroj (ŝak- amatoroj) tamen regule kunvenis dimanĉe en la trinkejo de nia Esper- anto-domo. . . . Fine de Marto, je propono de la sekretario, la geanoj en kunlaboro dum la semajnaj kun- venoj komencis la tradukadon en la mondlingvon de la konata verketo de F. Timmermans: 'La tre belaj ho- roj de Fraŭlino Simforoza/ La grup- vivo denove floradis kaj ni aŭdis di- versajn. paroladojn pri interesaj te- moj. . . . Nia grupo por la unua fojo ankaŭ organizis Esperanto-kur- son dum la somermonatoj. Kvankam tio ne estas kutima kaj eĉ estis iom riska. car la kurso okazis dum la li- bertempo de la lernejoj, ĝi malgraŭ ĉio sufiĉe sukcesis kaj rekompencis la penadon de la estraro." "Paco kaj Justeco" daŭrigis sian laboron, kvazaŭ la germana okupado, la Gestapo, la malsato kaj la izoleco de la ekstera mondo ne ekzistus. Oni ja rimarkas en la numeroj aludojn pri diversaj nenormalaj cirkonstan- coj, ekzemple la manko de manĝaĵoj, de kafo, de radringoj por bicikloj, de karboj kaj — ĉefe! — de libereco. Politika kritikado tamen ĉiam estis nerekta, subkomprenata. La gazeto publikigis multajn artikolojn pri la ideoj de D-ro Zamenhof, pri inter- naciismo, pri antikva greka filozofio, pri gramatiko kaj stilo de Esperanto. La tuta spirito de "Paco kaj Justeco" estis radikale kontraŭa al la barbaraj Nazi-teorioj pri "supera raso" kaj la rajto de unu nacio regi la tutan mondon. EC la bona humoro ne mankis en la "subtera" gazeto. "Randi" publi- kigis en diversaj numeroj "rakontojn vere verajn" sub la titolo "Run kon- trolistoj sur la vojo." Jen unu el liaj anekdotoj: "En la vagonaro de T. al B., je iu stacieto, surgrimpas homo, kiu kunportas du neregulformajn sa- kojn. Li ŝovas ilin sub la benkon kaj sidiĝas. La kontrola brigado dume inspektas kaj fine venas al nia va- gonparto. Unu kontrolisto laŭte krias: 'Neniu havas kontrabandaĵojn?' Ĉiuj kapneas, sed nia sinjoro rekrias: 'Jes, mi—du ŝinkojn mi havas! Mi sidas sur ili.' Ĉiuj ridas, ankaŭ la kontro- listo. 'Mi komprenas/ li diras, irante al alia vagonparto. Alvenante en la lasta stacio, la sinjoro prenas la du ŝinkojn de sub la benko kaj mala- peras en la amaso." Kelkaj el la plej aktivaj membroj, ekzemple Gregoire Maertens, "propa- gandoĉefo" de "Paco kaj Justeco," es- tis en 1943 inter tiuj belgoj, kiujn la germanaj aŭtoritatoj forsendis al Germanujo por deviga laborado. Ta- men la agado de "Paco kaj Justeco" neniam ĉesis: ĉiusemajnaj kunvenoj, kursoj en la vintro kaj en la somero, ĉiumonata gazeto—ĝis la liberigo de Belgujo. Nun la grupo, kiu alte te- nis la verdan standardon, kiam la svastiko ŝajnis triumfi, denove fiere laboras antaŭ la okuloj de la publiko. LA FAMILIO ZAMENHOF EN VARSOVIO D-ro Stephen Zamenhof Jen estas lastatempa novajo pri la familio Zamenhof. Ni presas parton el letero }us ricevita de D-ro S. Zamenhof, nevo de la majstro. D-ro S. Zamenhof nun loĝas en Nov-Jorko. . . . Mi ĵus ricevis korespondaĵon de Varsovio (darumita en Marto, 1945). Ĝi informas nin ke S-ino Wanda "Zamenhof, edzino de Adam (filo de D-ro L. L. Zamenhof), kaj ŝia juna filo Ludoviko (nepo de D-ro L. L. Zamenhof) ankoraŭ vivas, kaj troviĝas en Varsovio. La adreso estas: Lowicka 59a, Mokotow, Warsaw, Po- land. Mia kuzino, F-ino Roma Zamen- hof (nevino de D-ro L. L. Zamen- hof) sendis la korespondaĵon. Ŝi loĝas kun la familio en Varsovio. Si mencias kelkajn aliajn gekuzojn en Varsovio, sed ne troviĝas eĉ unu vorto pri Lidja Zamenhof aŭ la fratino So- fia. Pri Adam Zamenhof, filo de D-ro L. L. Zamenhof, li estis mortigita en Germana malliberejo frue en la ko- menco de la milito. Ni jam scias pri liaj suferado kaj murdo. Povas esti ke Lidja loĝas en alia urbo, sed ŝajn- as neeble ke la familio en Varsovio ne scius pri ŝia sorto. Pro tio mi havas nenian esperon ke ŝi nun vivas. Kiel vi jam scias, la popolo de Varsovio malsatas kaj mankas vest- aĵoj. Ni sendas pakaĵojn regule al la Varsovia adreso, sed kompreneble unu, du maloftaj pakafoj ne longe sufiĉas. Eble la Esperantistoj de Ameriko tre volonte helpos la 15- jaran nepon de D-ro L. L. Zamenhof, nome Ludoviko kaj lia patrino. La pakaĵoj (manĝaĵoj kaj vestaĵoj) povas esti senditaj pere de: World Jewish Congress, 1834 Broadway, N. Y., aŭ National Orga- nization of Polish Jews, 214 W. 92 St., New York, N. Y. Sendube Esperantistoj en aliaj land- oj, speciale Svedlando kaj Svislando interalie, ŝatus helpi pere de landaj Judaj Organizoj, aŭ rekte se eble. . . RECENZO: "KIU ESTAS KIU EN USONO" KIU ESTAS KIU Inter Usonaj Es- perantistoj. (62 pp. $1, havebla ĉe Amerika Esperantisto.) Kompilita de Kapitano Post, Route 5, Little Rock, Ark., U.S.A. Jen nova esperantista adresaro kiun oni tralegas kun ple- zuro kaj akceptas kun danko. Ne estas facile kolekti tiom da adresoj kaj bi- ografietoj, car ne ĉiuj esperantistoj estas membroj de la nacia asocio, aŭ eĉ de lokaj grupoj; krom tio, ne ĉiuj estas pretaj kunlabori. Kapitano Post tial bone sukcesis, kaj pro lia malfacila laboro ni ŝuldas al li grandan dankon. En la libro oni renkontas malnovajn amikojn kaj notas kun korostreĉo ke ili ankoraŭ laboras por Esperanto. Fi- deleco de la malnovaj esperantistoj estas stimulo por la novaj. Bedaŭrinde, la libro enhavas erar- ojn, sed ili sendube malaperos en dua eldono. Tiuj eraroj estas gramatikaj kaj stilaj. Kiam dua eldono estos be- zonata ni esperu ke Kapitano Post transdonos la manuskripton al la Li- teratiura Fako de la Amerika Esperan- to-Akademio, kies devo ja estas kon- troli manuslcriptojn. La aprobo de la Akademio, kiel ankaŭ de E. A. N. A., oficialigus la libron kaj tiel aldonus al ĝia graveco. — LEHMAN WENDELL. 113 ESPERANTO-RAPORTO DE SVISLANDO D. Troesch La plej viglaj grupoj en la neŭ- trala movado de Svislando estas Bern, Thun, Zurich, St. Gallen kaj Basel. Kelkaj grupoj vivetadis kvazaŭ sur la papero dum la milito, sed tre ver- ŝajne estos baldaŭ ĝenerala reviviĝo kiam rilatoj plene reestos. Esperanto estas afero kiu preskaŭ perdas sian sencon kiam ĝi estas enŝlosita en- lande dum jaroj. Nur la plej fortaj esperantistoj povis daŭrigi la agadon dum la plej nigraj jaroj, car ili an- taŭvidis la finan liberiĝon kaj la revenon de internaciema tempo, la tempo kiu nun komenciĝas. De re- gule aperantaj gazetoj en Svislando estas du: Svisa Espero (oficiala or- gano de Svisa Esperanto-Societo) kaj La Semanto (bulteno de laboristaj esperantistoj). Alia novajo kiu interesos vin en Usono: Laŭ informo de la Svisa Telegraf-Agentejo, la Ŝtata Konsilan- tara de la Kantono Neuchatel nomis Profesoron Edmond Privat, Profesoro de anglaj lingvo kaj literaturo ĉe la Universitato de Neuchatel. D-ro Pri- vat, kiu estas tre konata tra la tuta Esperanta mondo pro siaj jam kla- sikaj verkoj pri la vivo de Zamenhof kaj la historio de la lingvo Esperan- to, ĝis nun instruis en la Kantona Komerca Lernejo en Bellinzona. La Nova Komerca Lernejo en Bern (Neue Handelsschule Bern) enkon- dukas Esperanton. La 20-an de Aŭ- gusto la Nova Komerca Lernejo, sub la direkcio de D-ro Leo Schermann, malfermis sian unuan kurson de Es- peranto. En la prospekto dissendita antaŭ la komenco de la kurso, D-ro Schermann skribas: "Kvankam la Nova Komerca Lernejo ne prenas pozicion rilate al diversaj proponoj por solvi la lingvan problemon,' ni estas tamen sufiĉe progresemaj por rekoni jam ekzisrantajn faktojn. Por ĉiam kreskanta nombro da homoj en ĉiuj landoj kaj kontinentoj, ne ekzistas plu lingva problemo nek lingvaj muroj. La movado por la enkonduko de la internacia helpling- vo Esperanro disvolviĝis en la 60 jaroj de sia ekzistado tiel ke ĉiam pli da homoj en la tuta mondo pri- zorgas sian tutan eksterlandan kores- pondadon en tiu simpla facile ler- nebla lingvo." Certe estus bonege se multaj samideanoj en Usono skribus poŝtkartan gratulon al D-ro Scher- mann pro lia progresemo. (Adresu: D-ro Leo Schermann, Neue Handels- schule Bern, Wallgasse A, Bern.) Kaj alia novajo estas la fondiĝo antaŭ kelkaj monatoj de nia societo Svisa Internacia Servo kun la du ce- loj: (1) belpi la Esperanto-movadon en Svislando per artikoloj en la naci- lingvaj gazetoj, ktp; kaj (2) meti nian lingvon je la servo de ne-espe- rantistoj. Por realigi la duan punk- ton Svisa Internacia Servo tuj aliĝis al IEL kaj agos kiel peranto por Svi- saj firmoj kaj privat-personoj kiuj ankoraŭ ne scias Esperanton sed be- zonas helpon de eksterlando. Per kon- kretaj servo j, ĝi intencas montri al la ĝenerala publiko la utilecon de Esperanto. Unu el la pluraj taskoj de la Servo estas peradi verkajojn belliteraturajn kaj raportajojn inter verkistoj en Svislando kaj aliaj lan- doj. Kun la reveno de paco, venis la momento starigi tian interŝanĝadon sur solida bazo. Ni esperas ke vi po- vos helpi nin kontakti profesiajn aŭ amatorajn verkistoj n kiuj ŝatus par- topreni tian interŝanĝadon kun ni. Precipe ni deziras ricevi mallongajn rakontojn kaj ankaŭ priskribojn pri vialandaj kaj lokaj aferoj, folkloro, ku- timoj, ktp, kiujn ni povas traduki kaj publikigi en svisaj gazetoj. Ankaŭ fotografajojn kun akompananta tek- sto ni interŝanĝas. Sendu (esperante aŭ angle), kaj pern informon ĉe: Svisa Internacia Servo, Hallerstrasse 16, Bern, Svislando. 114 FACILA LEGADO POR LA KOMENCANTO a SUZI" George S. Raymond Jen estas eta bonhumora rakonto de tre lerta Ĉe-metoda kur- sano. S-ro Raymond partoprenis en Ce-kurso de Doris Tappan Connor. Ni atendas pli de lia plumo. En nia domo ni havas ban-ku- von. Gi estas granda, blanka kaj kelkfoje glita! Ankaŭ ni havas katinon, kiu estas la patrino de du belaj katidoj. Ankaŭ ni havas infanojn. Hieraŭ vespere okazis ke unu el la infanoj enlitiĝis kaj lasis la ban-kuvon duonplena da akvo; kaj la katino, tre ruza besto, kaŝis sin kiam venis la tempo por iri al ŝia lito, kaj, kvankam ĉiuj vo- kis ŝin, neniu povis trovi ŝin. Tial ŝi povis dormi en la domo ansta- taŭ en la ĉevalejo, kie ŝi devus dormi- Tio estus sufice bone, sed je la mateno, tre frue, Sinjorino Ka- tino soifis kaj kaŝvagis ĉirkaŭe por serĉi ion por trinki. Ne tro- vante lakton sur la tablo, nek akvon ie en la kuirejo, ŝi supren- saltis kaj ektrovis la akvon en la ban-kuvo. Tiun matenon, kiel ĉiumatene, mi leviĝis frue; tial mi vidis tion kion ŝi faris. Tre malsaĝe ŝi pe- nis stari sur la rando kaj trinki el la ban-kuvo. Ŝiaj akraj ungoj, utilaj por grimpi arbojn aŭ kapti musojn, ne konvenis por alkroĉiĝi al tia glata ebeno. Kompreneble, ŝi enfalis, la kompatinda kreito, kaj mi, pardonu min Dio, mi ridis! Sed mi vere kompatis ŝin, kaj mi permesis ke ŝi sidu en nia plej bona seĝo dum ŝi sekigis sian fe- lon, car mi tre multe ŝatas ŝin. Ŝi estas gracia, kaj ŝia nomo es- tas "Suzi." Unufoje, mi konis tre belan fraŭlinon nomitan "Suzi"! Friendly Tips for Students: 1. In Esperanto, the word si is a reflexive pronoun for the third person. It always refers back to the subject of the verb: Ŝi (la katino) kaŝis sin. (She hid herself.) Si sekigis sian felon. (She dried her own fur.) Remember: You never use si as the subject of the verb. 2. Today's Special: Notice the sentence . . . la infanoj lasis la ban-kuvon duon- plena da akvo. ( . . . the children left the bathtub half-full of water.) Ban- kuvon has the "-n" accusative, but duonplena does not! Duonplena, here, is a predicate adjective, indicating the condition in which the object is found, with a form of the verb esti (to be) understood. We never use "-n" after esti! The complete sentence would be: ... lasis la ban-kuvon (tiel ke ĝi estis) duonplena da akvo, And note the different meaning of .. . lasis la duonplenan ban-kuvon. ( . . . left the half-filled bathtub.) 115 ESPERAINTO-KRONIKO PROPONU ESPERANTON! Projekto for Inter-Eŭropa Radio: En la "Schweizer Radio-Zeitung," 1- an Julio 1945, aperis novaĵo pri pro- jekto kiu celas la starigon de inter- Eŭropa reto de radio-sendo-stacioj. "La iniciantoj de tiu piano estas A. W. L. Hubert, Prezidanto de la 'International Radio Maritime Committee', kaj P. P. Eckersley, Eks - Ĉefinĝeniero de la 'British Broadcasting Corporation.' Pli- grandigon de la Eŭropa reto formus mallongonda sendostacio-centro en la internacia parto de Tanĝero (Tan- gier), kiu havas direkteblajn ante- nojn al Norda kaj Suda Amerikoj. La lingvo-problemon oni povus solvi per alternaj dissendoj en diversaj ling- voj. Oni ankaŭ pripensas la enkon- dukon de 'Baza Angla' aŭ de Inter- nacia Helplingvo!" Ni forte konsilas ke ĉiu Esperantisto skribu leteron, altkvalitan kaj dignan, al la iniciantoj de tiu projekto ĉe la supraj adresoj en London, England, kaj sugestu la uzadon de la vivanta interlingvo Es- peranto. * Rita Beukema Martinez, sperta Es- perantistino kaj konata organizinto de la Esperanto-Grupo en Grand-Forko, Nord-Dakoto, skribas de Vaŝintono (kie ŝi deforas en registaro-laboro). Ŝi informas ke ŝia parenco, H. J. Bult- huis, mondfama Esperanto-verkisto en Nederlando mortis antaŭ kelkaj mo- natoj sub la Germana regado. La Ger- manoj forprenis don de S-ro Bult- huis, kaj forjetis lin el lia hejmo je la ago de proksimume 80 jaroj. Tiuj frapoj sendube kaŭzis la morton. Es- peranto perdis tre gravan verkiston en tiu milit-tempa morto. Nellie Monte Gill, de Montpeliero, Vermonto, kiu multe kaj efike pro- pagandis Esperanton en antaŭaj ja- roj, havas la simpation de ĉiuj Esper- antistoj pro la morto de sia edzo an- taŭnelonge. NORMAN H. FROST, pioniro de la Esperanto-Societo de Bostono, mor- tis frue en 1945. Li estis la Hera redaktoro de Amerika Esperantisto 1918-22, kaj eldonis libron, "Spoken Esperanto," in 1922. Li ĉeestis Kon- greson en La Hago 1920. Reokazo de nerv-malsano devigis lin forlasi akti- vecon, kaj liaj lastaj jaroj pasis en la Ŝtata Malsanulejo ĉe Aŭgusto, Maj- no (Augusta, Maine).—G. Winthrop Lee, nuna Prezidanto de la E.S.B. ra- portis tiun malfeliĉan novajon. ROGER GOODLAND, alia pio- niro de la E.S.B., mortis en Sud- Afriko en Decembro 1944. Li estis kapricema sed aminda Anglo kiu bone servis kiel Sekretario de E.S.B. dum kelkaj jaroj. Li far is multon por or- digi la Espo-kolekton ĉe la Publika Libraro de Bostono. Dum la Unua Mond-Milito li servis en la Kanada Armeo, kie li malsaniĝis pro venena gaso. Li neniam plene resaniĝis. Je reveno al Anglujo li ricevis heredajon kiu ebligis lin multe vojaĝi. Poŝtkar- toj de Sud-Ameriko, Azio, Oceanio, kaj aliaj vojaĝ-restejoj, atestis pri lia vojaĝemo. Raportis G. Winthrop Lee. CHAS. H. HUNTER, longtempa kaj fervora ano de la Esperanto-So- cieto de OHahomo-Urbo (ESOC) su- bite mortis de kor-malsano, la 18-an de Marto, je la 66-a jaro. Unu plej- lasta ago lia estis artikolo pri Esper- anto en la loka tagjurnalo. Li unue studis Esperanton antaŭ 25 jaroj, kaj estis fonda membro de ESOC. Li estis en la Publikiga Komitato de EANA, 1940-41. (Raportis Bernice X. Ray- burn.) PETER REILLY, pioniro-Esperan- tisto de Filadelfio, Pensilvanio, mor- tis la 27-an de Junio en sia librejo. Li estis Kasisto de la Asocio de Libro- Vendistoj dum 20 jaroj. Li estis libro- vendisto dum 45 jaroj. 116 EL ESPERANTO-LANDO ■ El la Belga Armeo, en kiu li milit- servas, Soldato Fons Norro skribas: "Via revuo, Amerika Esperantisto, es- tas tre bela. Mi vivas nun kun anglaj soldatoj en la RTO-ejo en Bruĝo. Mi faras propagandon por Esperanto kaj mi estas konvinkita, ke via re- vuo min ege helpos en tia laboro. Saluton al la tuta Amerika Esperan- tistaro el Bruĝo, urbo de arto kaj de kontraŭstaro al la malamikoj de Esperanto!" Leiero-papero kun Esperanto-Moto estas presita de nova Esperantisto, kiu volonte sendos informon kaj prezaron al interesatoj. Homer R. Hansen, Mid- dletown, Conn. S-ro Aug. P. Heimann, de El-Dora- do, Kanso (Kansas), daŭre subtenas kaj propagandas Esperanton, kvankam li estas nun 85-jara. i Prof. J. F. Clewe, Los Angeles, lerte organizas traduk-projekton pri grava literamro de la ekiezio Kris- tan-Scienco. Kredantoj de tiu ekiezio bonvole skribu al la Centra Oficejo pri ebla kunlaboro. Parolante pri la prelegpj de nia kunredaktisto, D-ro "W. Solzbacher, ĵurnaloj kaj organizaĵoj ofte atenti- gas pri lia Esperanto-laboro. Tion fa- ris ekzemple "Talent," organo de In- ternational Lyceum Association, kaj "Program," organo de American Plat- form Guild, du fakaj organoj pri pre- legoj kaj prelegistoj, kaj, ankaŭ anon- ciloj pri D-ro Solzbacher disvastiga- taj per Roxanna Wells Lecmre Bu- reau, en Nov-Jorko kaj Open Forum Speakers Bureau en Bostono. La pro- gramo por 1945/46 de la famkonata Serio de Kristana Kulturo en Wind- sor, Kanado, anoncas prelegon de D-ro Sofcbacher por la 25a de No- vembro, prezentante lin kiel "aŭtori- tamlo pri Esperanto,' Internacia Po- litiko ktp." El Aŭstralio F. R. Banham, redaktis- to de "La Rondo," skribas: "Pastro Ga- briel Pausback ageme propagandis Es- peranton, dum kiam li loĝis en nia lando, aperigante du, tri artikolojn en katolikaj organoj en Brisbane." Jas. H. Morrison, Oakland, Calif., sendas noyajn abonojn al "AE," kaj priskribas efikan propagand-ideon. Li algluas folieton pri Esperanto en jam legitajn numerojn de "Reader's Di- gest," ktp, por donaci al kluboj kaj centroj de la Ruĝa Kruco, ktp. S-ino Marion S. Alderton, 909 Channing Ave., Palo Alto, Calif., sendas helpemajn eltranĉaĵojn pri Es- peranto, kaj informon pri sia klopo- dado en ekonomia kaj socia aferoj. Nia EANA Vic-Prezidanto Robert Karlson, multe laboras por revigligi la Esperanto-movadon en Kanado. Li presas multajn propagandilojn, inter kiuj estis represajo de "Esperanto Confers Gift of Tongues" de Pastro Pausback. "Esperanto estas preta por servi" estas la moto de la vigla Esperanto- klaso en Miamo, Florido. Sub simila titolo aperis longa artikolo pri Esper- anto en la Miami Daily News, 17-an de Junio. D-rino Lydia Allen DeVil- biss kaj David Earl estas la gvidan- toj de tiu bona vigleco por Esper- anto en Miamo. D-rino DeVilbiss unue parolis pri Esperanto antaŭ la Panamerika Ligo, kiu havas 267 fi- liojn en Usono, kaj de tio rezultis 25 studentoj por la Esperanto-klaso. Inter la klasanoj estas diversaj ins- truistoj kaj unu Ĉina leŭtenanto. P-ino Ann Beatty, konata kaj ama- ta Esperantistino de Kardintono, Ohio, decidis ke ŝia domo bezonis novan kolorigon. Ŝi ne trovis laboristojn por fari la laboron, do ŝi mem faris ĝin. Kaj si estas nur 87-jara/ W ESPERANTO-KRONIKO Ĉe la Strata Fin' estas la nomo de la domo de S-ino D. B. Fuller en Framinhamo, Masaĉuseto (Framing- ham, Mass.). ŝi havas grandan ko- lekton de esperantaĵoj kaj ofte invi- tas soldatojn kaj aliajn por vidi ilin. En Junio, The Boston Daily Globe pu- blikigis leteron de ŝi pri Esperanto. Doris Saville, Vancouver, B. C, jam gvidis kursojn en Vancouver Business School, sed nun priplanas eĉ pli gra- van kurson sub la konsilantaro de edukado, en la publikaj lernejoj ves- pere. F-ino Saville sendis bonan liston de Kanadanoj kiuj aprobas la novan EANA kaj AE, nome: R. Busschaert, Jessie Forrest, S-ino Etta Hoar, M. Kno block, Rae R err an, Catherine Wil- son. Ni tre dankas al ĉiuj. F-ino Roan Orloff, multe priparo- Es Esperanton dumsomere antaŭ gru- poj en May wood, 111.; Ann Arbor, Mich.; Saline, Mich.; Green Acre Ba- hai School, Eliot, Maine; i.a. Si flugis al Wilmette, 111., kie ŝi multe paro- ladis. Ni esperas verki pli detalan novajon en sekvonta numero. A. F. Bedford, 50 Central Ave., Hillsdale, N. J., vizitis la Centran Oficejon. Li nun estras filatelian kom- panion, "Green Star Stamp Compa- ny," kiu pogrande kaj pomalgrande, profesie kaj amatore, negocas pri poŝt- markoj. Skribu al li por plena infor- mo, kaj filatelia negocado. Betty kaj Harold Ewen anoncas la naskiĝon de filo, Carl Benjamin Ewen, kiu komencis sian Esperantistan (!) vivon je la 4-a de Augusto. Leŭt. Sam E. Martin, USNR, sen- dube troviĝos en la "Lando de la Le- viĝanta Suno" (nun 'suno' iom nuba kaj duba!) Ni tion opinias car li multe kaj lerte studis la lingvon de Niponlando. Se jes, ni espereme aten- das novajon pri Esperanto tie. Bildkartoj pri la studejo de Mark Twain kun Esperanto-teksto baldaŭ eldoniĝos pro la bona laboro de El- mira Esperanto-Klubo, Elmiro, Nov- Jorko. Kaporalo Johano Lillevold skribis el la Filipinaj Insuloj: "Mi trovis malgrandan Japanan vortaron, kiu fa- vore menciis Esperanton, kaj mal- longe difinis Volapukon kiel mor- tintan projekton — kaj tio estas ko- rekta. La Japanoj estas inteligentaj en almenaŭ unu rilato!" Vundita Esperantisto Leŭt. R. C. Marble revenis al Usono kaj nun es- tas en malsanulejo en Kalifornio. An- taŭe li loĝis en Seatde kaj Kansas City. Ni sendas al li koran salmon de la tuta Esperantistaro kaj esperon por lia baldaŭa resaniĝo. D-ro Norman A. McQuown nun troviĝas en la Kolegio 'Hunter,' Nov- Jorko, instruante la Rusan lingvon laŭ la plej nova metodo de instruo uzita en la armeo. D-ro McQuown estis grava estro por la aplikado de tiu metodo en la armeo, kaj liaj kur- soj en 'Hunter' celas por instrui sam- tempe la metodon kaj la Rusan ling- von. S-ro J. H. Holding estas la Ĉef- agento en Usono de la Internacia Aso- cio de Poŝtmark-kolektantoj. La or- ganizo celas al la aĉetado kaj inter- ŝanĝo de poŝtmarkoj inter la mem- braro mtmonde. Skribu al /. H. Hold- ing, 2647 W. Adams St., Chicago, III. Howard E. Latham, poŝtestro, Kale- donio (Caledonia), Nov.Jorko, kiu dum la milito servis en Grenlando, nun denove studas Esperanton, kaj faras mirindan progreson sen ia Es- perantista kontakto. Li volonte helpos pri Esperanto. por Skoltoj, kaj estas Skoltestro en sia urbo. Li pretigas sin por instrui Esperanton. 118 PUBLICITY ! ARE WE EQUAL TO THE CHALLENGE? To the Editor of American Esperantlst: If the Esperanto movement will ever make significant advance, it must certainly do so now. Never before have people been as much concerned with international problems, and the events that are taking place will determine the course of world affairs for many years to come. Every proper effort made now, it is apparent, will bear many times the hatvest it would at some less oppor- tune time. Must it always be a matter of too little and too late? As things stand now the Esperanto movement in America is almost unable to seize the opportunity. Publicity is at a minimum; excellent opportunities arise and are allowed to slip by, perhaps not to re-occur; progress is hindered—because we lack the means to take advantage of the situation. It is clear that if we are to make the most of present favorable circum- stances we must have an adequate working fund, the absolute essential to suc- cessful action. And what can we consider an adequate fund? Certainly nothing less than One Thousand Dollars can be acceptable. Any smaller sum would be mockery of the stature of the Esperanto movement. In response to your appeal for contributions to the Publicity Fund, I sent you two dollars, believing that in my present straitened circumstances that was all I could afford. On further consideration, however, I realize that this is a short-sighted oudook, since money properly used now has many times its value in terms of effect. Therefore, if you will undertake this project, I will contribute $25 toward the $1000 working fund, as soon as five other friends of the Esper- anto movement indicate that they are willing to do the same. It is customary in raising funds to give all sorts of pep-talks and exhorta- tions. In this case the need is so evident that pep-talks should be unnecessary. It remains only to be seen whether we Esperantists in America are equal to the challenge of the opportunity. Samideane via, HAROLD EWEN P.S. I further suggest that for a fund of such a special nature the minimum acceptable contribution be five dollars, so that the proper level of income may be established. Who Will Be the First to Match Harold's Contribution? The Editor of American Esperan- Although Harold suggests a $5 min- tist proposes that all who contribute imum, we will be grateful for lesser $25 or more to the General Publicity sums. Small sums will be pooled in Fund be organized into a Publicity official tabulations. Here are the fig- Advisory Committee. Many may be ures for the past two months: Charles able to give more than $25. "We know Ramsay, $8; Wm. G. Adams, $5; Mrs. that $25 is a real sacrifice for Harold, Jewell Bainbridge, $5; Pvt. Ted Craw- and we are particularly pleased to be- ford, $5; Bernice Rayburn, $5; How- gin this One Thousand Dollar Cam- ard E. Latham, $5; R. C. Marble, $4; paign with his letter and donation. Aug. J. Heiman, $2; David Ericson, Let us all dig deep for an effective "W. T. Williams, Wm. Knox, George Fund. Gaber, Eldred Lowe, each $1. 119 DEZIRAS KORESPONDI Anoncetoj pri korespondado el Usono kaj Kanado kostas 25 cendojn por 4 linioj. El aliaj landoj, de kie estas nua malfacile sendi monon, AE akceptas anon- cojn senpage. La redaktisto rezervas al si la rajton fini tiun privilegion je iu tempo. Usono. S-ro J. H. Holding, 2647 W. Adams St., Chicago, Illinois. Dez. kor. kun seriozaj PM kolektantoj kaj negocantoj ekster Usono. Afranku fi- latele kaj aerpoŝte. Usono. Eugene T. Lake, 219 Cen- tral Ave., Cranford, N. J. Ŝipdeseg- nisto, kiu estas petata por verki li- bron pri ŝipoj kaj boatoj, dez. kor. pri ŝipoj de aliaj landoj, precipe pri tiaj ne uzataj en Usono kaj Europe Usono. S-ro Arthur Bedford, 50 Central Ave., Hillsdale, N. J. Dez. kor. kaj inters. PM amatore aŭ pro- fesie kaj pogrande. Usono. S-ro Noble Holderread, Milford, Indiana. Dez. kor. kun Aus- tralio. inters. PM. Usono. Alan Samuel, 284 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn, N. Y. 13-jara skolto dez. kor., inters. PM tutmonde. Francujo. J. Govaert, 64 Rue Bon Secours, Compiegne, Oise. Dez. kor. Francujo. S-ro Bochon Michel, 10 Quai Ste. Claire, Romans (Drome). Dez. kor. por sia Esp-o klaso. Brazilo. Prof. Roberto das Neves, Esperanto Klubo de Kristana Asocio de Junuloj, Str. Araujo Porto Alegre 36, Rio de Janeiro. Grupo de 120 Esp.-istoj, 17-jara ĝis 59-jara, plej- parte Universitat-studentoj, dez. kor. Senegal. Michel Kabore, Marin sur le bateau "Jupiter," Dakar. Belgujo. Soldato Fons Norro, No. GCT/2-106, 2nd Belgian M. C. Group, Belgisch Leger te Velde. Dez. kor. pri arto, literature, muziko, fer- vojoj, vivo en Ameriko kun geesp- istoj. Belgujo. F - ino Marie - Louise Se- nave, Vestingstraat 44, S-ta Kruco, Brugge. Dez. inters, il. PK. Belgujo. F-ino Germaine Mallet, Assebroeklaan 43, S-ta Kruco, Brug- ge. Dez. kor. kun geoficistoj. Aŭstralio. S-ro F. M. Cave, Pomo- na, Queensland. Dez. kor. tutmonde, inters. PM kaj monerojn. Irlando. S-ro Patrick Harding, Grange of Mallusk, Carnmoney, Co. Antrim. Dez. kor. pri historio de Ir- lando, Francujo, Hispanujo, Skot- lando, kaj pri ĉiutaga vivo en Que- bec, Centra Ameriko, Sud-Ameriko. Italujo. Torina Esperanto - Grupo, Casilla Postale 161, Torino. Dez. kor. Skotlando. G-te Leons Kielpinski, Polish Forces P. 64A (K.U.) Edin- burgh, pola militisto, dez. kor. Anglujo. Herbert J. Brown, 6 Church St., Barton Hill, Bristol 5, 15-jara, dez. kor. kun ĉiuj landoj. Nov-Zelando. S-ino J. M. Hooper, R. D. Makerau, via Kaukapakapa, Northland; farmist-edzino, pianistino, dez. inters. PM. Svedujo. S-ro Karl Erik Karlsson, Uplandsgatan 69, ltr., Stockholm, 20- jara, dez. kor. kun fraŭloj kaj fraŭ- linoj pri lingvoj, sportoj, filmoj, tea- trafetoj, krp. Francujo. S-ro Marc Vermynck, Avocat, 2 Rue Godefroy-de-Bouillon, Clermont-Ferrand. Dez. kor. kun Uso- naj advokato aŭ jurstudento. Belgujo. S-ro Gilbert Bruyned, Vla- mingdam 121, Brugge. Dez. kor. kun studentoj pri televizio. Senegal. Jean-Marie Kone, a la D. P. "Machines," Poste Nawal, Dakar. Nov-Zelando. Cyril Brandon, 16 Wairiki Rd., Mt. Eden, Auckland S. 1. (elektro-inĝeniero) dez. kor. Belgujo. F-ino Rose-Anne Roose, Gvido Gezellelaan 15, Brugge. Dez. kor. kaj inters, il. PK. Francujo. S-ro Robert Magne, 14 Rue d'Isly, St. Etienne (Loire). Dez. kor. kun ĉiuj. landoj. 120 ESPERANTO BOOKS Uncertain transportation makes it difficult to get books from Europe or South America, and our orders are filled in small lots. If your order is not filled within 48 hours, it is because we are waiting for shipments. PRACTICAL GRAMMAR OF ESPERANTO, Ivy Kellerman-Reed. A favorite all over the world for many years. For class or self-instruction ,73c ESPERANTO HOME STUDENT, by James Robbie. Splendid for class or self- study. Pocket size and a favorite with the service men in camps .25e PRACTICAL ESPERANTO, by Wm. S. Benson. For self-instruction. It is unique with its 650 illustrations .25c UNIVERSALA ESPERANTO METODO, by Dr. Wm. S. Benson. This book is a wonder. "The only book of its kind in the world." 11,000 pictures. Two full- page tables of the pronunciation of the Esperanto alphabet in 36 languages. Correlatives in 35 languages. Complete index. 555 pages $3.50 AMERICAN POCKET DICTIONARY, by Carl Froding. 80 pages of Esperanto- 1 English and English-Esperanto. An indispensible Ettle pocket companion .30c ESTU PRETA, by George J. Falgier. A splendid key, with grammar, and con- siderable fundamental teaching .10c 4 "LA ESPERO," Esperanto Song. Words and Music. Double sheet 8x11. Every ]■ Esperantist should have it. Sung at all Esperanto meetings .15c or 2 for .25c [ "LA VOJO." Esperanto Song. Single sheet. With translation. .10c or 3 for .25c } EDINBURGH DICTIONARY. A world favorite. English-Esperanto and Espe- Ĵ ranto-English. 288 pages $1.00 i STEP BY STEP IN ESPERANTO, by M. C. Butler. One of the world's best. )!. Paper covers .75c | MILLIDGE ESPERANTO-ENGLISH DICTIONARY. Latest edition, 1945. $3.50 I STARS. No more of the metal stars, advertised in some text-books, due to priorities. | INDIAN BEAD STARS, white bead background with green star in center .45c j] HOME STUDENT RECORDS—made in Europe. No more available. i "LIFE OF 2AMENHOF" (English) $1.00. •'VTVD DE 2AMENHOF' (Esperanto) $1.25 I '"ESPERANTO rNTERNACIA", by Ann E. Beatty. Over 300 hymns, original ! Esperanto and translations of well-known English hymns - .45c I YOUR MEMBERSHIP EfEAR.A WHX BE APPRECIATED X Membership, with "American Esperantist''. $2.00 per year. And if you also wish membership in the International Esperanto League, with the Jarlibro OTearbook Encyclopedia of Esperanto Activities), $3.00. For the "Esperanto Internacla" (all-Esperanto official organ of L E. L.) add $1.00 to either of these memberships. Total for all above, $4.00. | I.................................................. Date.................. ' apply for membership in the Esperanto Association of North America, and enclose I . ' • ' i. subscription (indicate class and amount) ........................................ ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION OF NORTH AMERICA 114 W. 16 St., New York 11, N. Y. Esperanto is not an academic project It is the liv- ing interlanguage already in world-wide use for in- terchange of thought between peoples with different national languages. It is auxiliary to their mother tongues. The official 'Declaration on Esperanto/ World Con- gress. Boulogne-sur-Mer, states: "Because at the pres- ent time no investigators throughout the world any longer doubt that an International Language can be other than a constructed one, and because out of the great number of attempts made during the past two centuries, all present only theoretical projects, and only one language, Esperanto, has shown itself to be a language really completed, thoroughly tested from all sides and capable of life in all circumstances, for that reason supporters of the idea of an Interna- tional Language, realizing that theoretical discussion will lead to nothing and that the end in view can only be attained by practical work, have already grouped themselves around the single language, Esperanto, and are working for its dissemination and the enrich- ment of its literature." Many competent investigators have come to the same logical conclusion. Dr. Bjorn Collinder, one of the most distinguished linguists of modern times, states this conclusion as follows: "If one asks me in what manner the world-language problem is to be solved, I respond: 'It has already been solved in Esperanto. The problem is merely one of bringing about the acceptance of the solution by those who are in power/ " H. G. Publishing Co.