" 1 oh. ■I ■ . I . I n ■ si i n September, 1925 America Las Cleveland Congress Events Surplaca stado" c< Kongreso News and Notes from the Central Office Nekrologo The Yearbook of Esperanto For the Beginner T AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO OFFICIAL ORGAN OF THE ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION of NORTH AMERICA, Inc. a propaganda organization for the furtherance of the study and use of the International Auxiliary Language, Esperanto. Yearly Memberships: Regular $1.00: Contributing $3.00: Sustai $10.00; Life Members $100. HERBERT M. SCOTT, Editor CLUB DIRECTORY This department if conducted solely for the benefit of our organised groups throughout the country. It furnishes a meant of keeping In close touch with the work in other c for the exchange of ideas and helpful sugges- tions, and for the formation of valuable friend- ships in a united field of endeavor. BERKELEY, CALIP. Berkeleya Esperanta Rondo.—Vinton Smith, Secy., 586 Lake Park Ave., Oakland, Calif. OAKLAND, CALIF. Oakland Esperanta-Rondo.—L. D. Stockton, Secretary, 420 15th St. BAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. Esperanto Assoc a of California, Inc.— Meets first Tuesday evenings. Rooms 309-311 Chronicle Bldg., San Francisco. M. D. Van Sic Secretary, 1160 Fell Street. MONTREAL, CANADA. Montreal Esperanto Association: Meets each Monday evening at 8 in Room 25, 747 St. Catherine St., West. Sek. G. E. Warner. OKLAHOMA CITY» OKLA La Oklahoma Esperancista Societo kunvenaa dimanĉe kun Arto kaj Scienco Klubo, 2501 W. Ave. "GM, R x 156, Oklahoma, Okla I, Prez. WASHINGTON, D. C. Kolumbir. Esperanto-Asocio, third Thursday O r to May; Kabea Klubo, other Thurs- days througl the year, at 8 P. M. C nrsdtiy, at 7.30. All at 1918 Sunderland Pla CHICAGO. ILLS. La Gradatn Esperanto-Sodeto, Dvorak Park. —Jaroslav Sobenrad, Secretary» 5625 23rd Rd., Cicero, III. La Esperanto Oficejo, 1669 Blue Island Ave,— Kunvenas 2an kaj 4an sab. ĉiumonate. ROCKFORD, ILLS. i avian Esperanto Institute, 419 7th St. BOSTON, MASS. Boston Esperanto Society, 507 Pierce Bids;., Copley Sq.—Meets Tuesdays, 7 P. M. Misa M. Butman, Secretary. WORCESTER, MASS. Worcester County Esperanto Society.—Busi- ness Institute, every Friday, 8 P. M. BALTIMORE, MD. La Baltimore, Md., Esperanta Rondeto meets 1st and 3rd Wednesday evenings in month at Md. Academy of Sciences. DETROIT. MICH. Esperanto Office, 2916 East Grand Blvd.—Open daily. Library at disposal of everybody daily, 7 A. M.-9 P. M., except Tues. and Fri Classes meet Tues. and Fri, 8.10 P.M. La Pola Esperanto Aaocio, 1507 E- Canfieln Ave,—B. Lendo. Sek., 3596 29th St. TOPEKA, KANSAS Esperanto Association. Pre*. Cant. Geo. P. Morehouse. Sek-iino, S-ino Lida R.Hardy, 1731 Lane St. Kores-Sek-iino, F-ino Leone Newell, 635 Watson St. Groups are listed for 12 issues of the maga- zine, at a cost of only 25 cents for the two- line insertion. Extra lines are 10 cents each additional. The heading,—name of city or town—is inserted free. This matter warrants the immediate attention of every club secre- tary. Group Charter—$1.00. NEW YORK CITY. N. Y. The New York Esperanto Society.—Miss L. F. Stoeppler, Sec, 63 West 94th St. The Barĉo, or Esperanto Supper, is held on the of each month, 6.45 P. M. at H 81st St. and Columbus Ave. WEEHAWKEN, N. J. II i County Esperanto Society, Box 32. • . J. Head Room 30/ iing, r. J. Meet- ing A month. O'Brier man Place ~w York, N Kir mder direr ->f J. J. Susstnuth, every ex- nd. Roon 7 Dispatch Building, Union Hill, N. J. CLEVELAND. OHIO. The nd peranto Society, Hotel 8.00 P. M. S. Kox- TORONTO, CANADA. I has re mg re- ite ML o. PHILADELPHIA, PA. idelphin v, Henry W. 1 let: West gh School fo» rĉo and monthly meetings on third Ti h and Arch Sts. (Barĉo 6 meeting 7.45 P.M.) ot 133 N. 13th Si le Peter Reilly, VtoDelegito de . A.) R o de Litovaj Esperanttstoj, 2633 Llv- lo de Poluji ekr., S. Zysk. Kunvenas mardon vespere inter 8-10 h., 50) York Av PITTSBURGH, PA. Eane Academy of and Art. t. D. Of Sec 310 S. Lang Ave. Fridays, 8 P. M. MILWAUKEE. WISC. •erus Esperantists.—S-ino B. H. Kerner, Sek.. 629 Summit Ave.. 3rd Tuesdays. 8 PM. i. ches >na ikee, Ol ST. PET! -URG, FLORIDA. M. 0\ lint 21 mmrrrwi «• ■ i Amerika Esperantisto ORGANO de la ESPERANTA ASOCIO DE NORDA AMERIKO 507 Pierce Bldg., Copley Square Boston 17, Mass., U. S. A. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR Vol. 34. September, 1925. No. 5. t •- ■t AMERICA LAST! She oughtn't to be there, bin that is about when die stands —in the world-wide Esperanto movement today. Can we prove it? Let n- make some outstanding comparisons and See. Of the 142 commercial enterprises affiliated with tin niversal Es- peranto Association not one is American. Of the three hundred Id advertisers in the Esperanto Yearbooks from some twenty- five countries, but two are Ameri< In the statistics of the national E operant* ciations appearing in the said Yearbook, tli atistics of three are "starred," as "not having any report this year"—the countries being little Finland. Russia (com- munication with which is notoriously difficult), and these United Slates. Every other country of any importance has fresh and booming statistics of progress. Compare the local centers of the Universal Esperanto Association of the United States with tli of the principal nations of Europe, considering also the res] ive populations served. Austria, with 1/17 our popula- tion, has 1/3 our 1 eranto cent Eelgium with 1/15 our population, has 1/3 our delegate list. Great Britain, with half our population, has nearly twice our list of delegate Bulgar with 1 11 our population, has half our local centers. Czecho- slovakia, with 1/8 our population, has three times a^ many local nters. France, with 1/3 our population, has n than twice as many U. E. A. headquarte Germany, with about half our illation, has more than tlire- is many U. E. A. centers. «aim with 1 ur population, 1 about 2 3 of our delegate list. Hungary, with 1/13 our population, has 1/3 our delegate list. Italy, with 1/3 our population, has almost many dele- nters. Holland, with 1/15 our population, has more than half as many U. E. A. ^regions/' Norway, with L/50 our popu lation, 1/7 our list of delegates. Poland, with 1/4 our popu- AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO lation, lias 2/3 our delegate list Sweden, with 1/18 our popula- tion, has more than half our Esperanto centers. Roumania, with 1/6 our population! has nearly as many delegate center Switzerland, with 1 2n our population, has more than half as many Esperanh enters. Now then why is our ostensibly great country in the rear of the International Language movement? There are several rea- sons. 1. In our great one-language stretch of continent, separated b) two oceans from the rest of the world, the language difficult1 physically obtrusive than in the interjostlmg Babel else- where. 2. Spiritually we are aloof from the Esperanto movement for the same re n we have lined up with Russia. < .ermany and Turkey on the outside of the League of Nations. ^. The earlier year- of our national Esperanto propaganda proceeded in the v lirections and appealed to the wrong people. The idealistic side of the movement \\ verempha- . the emotions were stirred at the expense i unmon sense, ir ranks wen welted by a superabundance of faddists, cranks ud fanatics, who before they blew off and out, threw discredit (ii the movement and produced an inevitable reaction, which we are feeling today. Now. editorially iking, our attitude in the matter of prop- ganda in this country is based on the ground assumption that Esperanto does not need the United State- America, but that the United States of America needs F. ranto. Esperanto can et along without this country just as the League of Nations ets along without her. Esperanto is an established fact, just as much so as the English language is an established fact. We in correspond, car >n business, or travel almosl anywhere on the civilized globe (except U. S. A » by means of Esperanto lone, right in this present day. That is sufficient so far a American EsperantistS are personally concerned. To our mind the raison d'etre <>f Annrika Esperantisto and the Esperanto As- ociation of North America is simply that our own fellow coun- men (for their own sakes, mind you. not ours i may enjoy the advantages we ourseh already enjoy to the full, quite the tine whether they care to join us or not. We repeat, putting it more broadly. eranto does not need the outsider; the <>u; Slder needs Esperanto. This brings us to the question of how best to diffuse the ings of Esperanto among the benighted public of U. A. There is no need to dwell long on the theory of propaganda methods. There seem be essential just two Ways, safe, sane but apt to be >ked on account of their simplicity. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 1. Let the langua,* itself be physically in the eyes of the public on all possible occasions, in the form of Esperanto lessons. These should be printed in as many monthly, weekly and dail papers and magazines as will let us. People will thus not b learning ibout the language, but absorbing, even unconscious- ly, I ffistantly meeting them, the forms of the language it- self. Make it as easy to acquire Esperanto as possible—tt< asking the outsider to send off and pay for a textbook, but by spreading tbe lessons upon the printed medium in which he has already invested. Amerika Esperantisto may be expected to set the example, and we present in this issue the first install ment of a practical course in the language. These lessons may be reprinted freely in other periodicals without notice or per- mission from us, and in fact we urge that this be done. 2. Let us urge our foreign friends to do our general propa- ganda for us in tin* a Untry; for in truth they alone can. Teil them to write freely to non-Esperantists in this country, either enclosing Cefec keys, or referring to the nearest U. E. A. deb gate over here for the translation of such letters and card Tell them to flood OUT country with advertising circulars, book- lets and catalogs in their various lines of business. If the American public gets a big enough avalanche of documentary evidence from abroad it will wake up to the status of Esperanto in the world at large. But it will not wake up till that avalanche conies. American Ef Esperant Words cannot describe it;—it must be seen and felt, and v hope it may be seen by a larger audience next \ ear at Phila- delphia. Mr. Zak, h briefly d< 1 his work as follow- The dancer represents the "Nations." "Hatred" and "Malice." executed by two black wned men attack the "Nations" and the result is war and poverty, "Esperanto." beautiful, and dressed in white robes like i queen, rescues the "Nations." "The Dance: The awakening" and dance of hove and Fret dom. 'Nations' attacked by 'Hatred' and 'Malice.' 'Na- tions' dances the dance of sorrow and appeals for help. 'Es- peranto1 comes to the assistance of unhapp) Nations' and bid^ Peace. 'Nations' dances again a dance of Love and Freedon then 'Esperanto' and 'Nations' walk arm in arm off the stage." SURPLACA "SAPKESTADO" ĈE LA KCNGRESO Ce la bordo de la Publika Placo en Cleveland kaj nur trans la strato de la hotelo en kin sidis la XVIIIa Kongreso star: tono altece eble sepdek centimetroj. metita tie de la lama Tom J,. Johnson, tiama Urbestro, kaj dediĉita al daura kaj kompleta parollibereco. Laŭ la kutimo kiun sekvas la civitanoj, iu ajn kiu havas ion por diri povas suriĝi >ur la stono kaj alparoli sia okaze kolekitan atidantaron sen ia mterrompo,—€c de la poli- cistoj! Kompreneble la geknngre^anoj estis tiaj fervoraj propagan- distoj ke ili bonveni /on utiligi la oficialan ">apkeston." Dimancmatene, la 12an de Julio, kelkaj samideanoj, ki< tand- ardo, insignoj. k.t.p. iom verdigis la pla i, kolektiĝis ĉirkaŭ la ŝtono kaj donis la aplaudon kiu, kune kun la oratora elokvei >. allogis atidantaron de eble ducent homoj. Untie paroli Sro, Lindsay, la c>tro de la loka grupo; sekvis la gesamideanoj Iletzel, Mann. Bley, Koliner (kiu parolis nur Esperante) Gold- zier. Lcavitt. Pharo kaj Dro. Scnoltcs. Kontentiga inter montriĝis kaj nur la neceso iri al "lunĉo" (ĉar e erdsteluloj havas apetitojn ) fine disrompis la kunvenon. II. W. II. NEWS AND NOTES FROM THE CENTRAL OFFICE Although the Geneva Con is was numerically smaller than usual, due we are told to the high rate of exchange, it \v;i very valuable session according to all reports. An American woman who has been travelling and working in Europe and \sia for several years, a student of life and world AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO conditions, happened to be in a during the Congress sion. A few extracts in a letter to an American friend tell of her surprised impressions: "This morning ( August 2) I was on my way to church,—very much so. I went to mass (Latin and Esperanto). Second, I went to Quaker meeting. Then 1 hurried over to the Protestant Cathedral, where there was another Esperanto service. As I , have studied the language about two hours, you can guess how : much I understood. Nouns and adjectives I could always pick out,—but devotionally speaking, they were not much help. [ t am <|itite swept off my feet by this Esperanto business; I can't 1 imagine why I never before realized its worth. It is one of the big factors in world recovery, for it is actively and growing- ■ ly international. My hotel is full of Esperantists, and when I see an icy Englishman thawing under the beams of a bulky sweating German, both enveloped in a thick atmosphere of Ks- ! peranto, I feel sure that the next war is not imminent. I went to a "llahai" tea the other rnootl, and there sat a French woman talking about (ibandi to an American, and I only got a drizzle of it. Next to me sat a man from Stuttgart and another from Kyoto, talking* to beat the band,—there I sat like a know- nothing. So 1 Said to myself 'Get busy/ And now I am trans- lating my first exercises, and am going to the big meeting to- night in the hope that some of the speech may soak in. By the way the hit of the evening was made by a boyish little Fran- ciscan monk with a sense of humor/" Friday evening, Vugust 28th. a good sized audience came to the Fellowship House at Greenacre to hear Ex-President Ed- ward S. Payson tell about "The Recent Rapid P of E peranto as a World Language and Means of International Good- will/' Dr. Hills Cole made the introductory speech and the group gave close attention to Mr. Payson's graphic descriptions the accomplishments of Esperanto and what it means to the world, concluding with "The Seven Ages of a" from Shal pea re. By a happy circumstance our new President. Mr. Hetzel. was also present, and follow «-d with some of his experiences at in- rnational congresses. Miss Meriam added a few words of the >nterence> to follow. Saturday morning there was an informal meeting on the >rch when Messrs I -on and Hetzel gave more information about the movement; questions were an-wered, books and mag- azines were shown. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO NEKROLOGO Joseph Silbernik, duni multaj jaroj ĉefdelegito de U. E. A, en Nov-Jorko, Usono, mortis dimanĉon, 30an de augusto, 192?, en Bellevue Hospitalo, Nov-Jorko. S-ro Silbernik bofrato de D-ro Zamenho», estinta frato de S-ino Zamenho Li estis es Miss Thompson had this season a good sized group studying Esperanto, of both the young set and the grown-ups. A number of young people representing the Bahai group will attend the conference of The Fellowship of Youth for Peace at Swarthmore College i Philadelphia i September 8-10, and will ask to have Esperanto put in their platform. Mr. F. A. Ilamman, President of the Milwaukee Esperanto Society reports fifty at the picnic on August 15th, and that his summer course in Esperanto now numbers seventy. Thirty Esperantists gathered at Prospect Park. Minneapolis. August 10th, for a picnic supper. The youngest was Margaret Clarke, daughter of Professor E. L. Clarke of the University of Minnesota, and Mr. \\ . P. Robinson the oldest Esperantist in Minneapolis. Mr. C. A. Briggs made his wants known by talk- ing Esperanto with his fingers through the deal and dumb al- phabet, and only by using the language could one be sure of appeasing his hunger unless he was satisfied with tomatoes (the same in English and Esperanto!). "I,a Verda Stelo de la Maro" was the name of a group of students studying Esperanto under Lieut. Bugge-Paulsen of Oslo University while crossing the ocean recently on the same boat with Miss Stoeppler. Dr. Timothy J. Donoghue. L. L. B„ of Boston University, a master of at least five language and with a highly specialized training for an international law career, after periods of hope and despair, became entirely blind. Making use of his training, be began lecturing on Mexico where he had li\ed for some time, and teaching Spanish, brought out the Donoghue Spanish Com- mercial Grammar and an English Commercial Grammar. Some years ago he went to Tampa, Florida to live, where he is now teaching Spanish. He has also recently become interested in Es- peranto and formed a club for study. We hope this association may be of service to the blind with Rev. Joseph Bartlett of An- tioch College and Dr. Donoghue to suggest the best methods. "Current History" for September has an admirable article on the international language question, entitled "Esperanto—the New World Language1* by J. D. Savers of New York. At this writing it has already brought many inquiries for further infor- mation and orders for books. Read the article and show* it to air friends. • AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO tinta malsana lastajn jarojn, sed lastatempe iom plibonigis. Li revis pri revido al siaj parencoj en Europo, speciale aJ la ne- \ inoj, la Zamenhofaj ĥlinoj, ee la XVIla en Geneva, decidinte tien iri kontraŭ la konsilo de amikoj kiuj timis la reztllton de tia longa vojaĝo. Reveninte Nov-Jorkon jaiidon, 27an de aŭ- gusto, severe malsana. li mortis post iri tagoj. S-ro Silbernik estis unu el la plej aktivaj Esperantistoj en ord-Ameriko, eminenta en la oficiala Asocio. kaj ĉiam tuj preta fari pli ol liajn devojn en nia Nov-Jorka laboro. Ni perdis amatan samideanon. Al al parencoj en Europo, (neniuj estis en Amcirko) ni espriiAas niajn korajn simpati- ojn. Nov-Jorka EsperantistaroV THE YEARBOOK OF ESPERANTO We Have just received our copy of the Official Yearbook of the Esperanto Movement for 1925, issued at the headquarters of the Universal Esperanto Association, in Geneva, Switzerland. It gives the practical status of the movement in all its branch' thruoul the world at the present time. Of course it would be ridiculous to think of adequately summing up in a single article the closely packed information contained in the 46K pages of the Yearbook. We can here only make cursory reference to cer- tain outstanding featur f con incidentally, this is the finest kind of propaganda. In order to render the lan- guage and its body of current users immediately useful both to themselves and the world at large, it has enlisted at least one representative, called a delegate, in as many and as important cities and towns a> possible thruout the civilized earth. These delegates serve during "good behaviour." which includes paving their yearly dues and being generally trustworthy. Now sup- ,H sc you want any sort of information, statistics, literature or general assistance with respect to any part of any foreign coun- try. You write to the delegate of that vicinity, enclose a stamp) or pay his expenses, and he is bound to make a bona fide attempt furnish you that information, etc. < >r suppose you want to \ isit that part of the world. Just write the delegate when you will arrive, and he will either meet your train himself or have nother equally trustworthy Esperantist meet it, and "take charge" of you, if you desire, during your visit there. All you need do is pay expenses. The real compensation of these dele- gates is their place of 1 ►r at the forefront of a supreme world movement, and the assurance that they will be as well done by it they themselves need international assistance. Let us now follow the 1925 Yearbook and note, in a very irsory way, the diffusion of this delegate system, excluding English caking counter where of course it is not needed far as we are concerned. Austria: delegates in 11 places, including Vienna, Graz and Innsbruck. Turning now to the subhead "Vienna" (by way of 10 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO example) let us see how the city is organized for the assistance of the stranger in its midst. There are two delegates-in-chief. Under them are five delegates among whom the wards of the city are divided. There are in the city twenty-seven Esperanto societies, whose addri--es are given in the Yearbook, There is in addition an headquarters, known as the peranto Office, and it is there the foreigner is likely to apply first upon his ar- rival in the capital. Many of the societies in the city are spec- ialized groups, where a foreign visitor may find his particular iffinities." Thus we find listed a "singing" so< /. a Cathol union, a "peace" group, a police union, a society of streetcar men, a teachers' institute, a chamber of commerce, a blind circle, a group of railroad employees, a "Christian workmen' society, etc. Belgium: delegates in 22 places, including Brussels. Antwerp, Bruges, Charleroi, Ghent, Liege and Namur. Bulgaria: delegates in X2 places, including, of course, Sofia, the capital. Turning to the subhead "Sofia." we find that tl delegate is assisted by a "vice-delegate." and there are two E peranto societies in the pla Czechoslovakia: delegates in 183 places. Prague, the capital. has three delegates, including a special one for commerce, and two vice-delegates. There are six Esperantist centers listed ill the city. Denmark: delegates in 12 places, including, of course, Copen- hagen, the capital. In Copenhagen there is a delegate and vice- delegate, four Esperanto societies, and a headquarters lor strangers. The Dree City of Danzig has the "skeleton" organization of delegate, vice-delegate and Esperanto headquarters, as well as a young people's society. Esthonia: delegates in 9 places. Finland: delegates in 29 places, including Helsingfors, the capital. The latter has delegate, vice-delegate, three societies and an Esperantist headquarters. France: delegates in 126 places, including Paris, Avignon, Bordeaux. Calais, Dijon, Grenoble, Lille, Limoges, Lyon. "Mar- seille, Nancy, Nice, Nimes, Orleans, Reims, Rouen, Strasbourg, Toulon, Toulouse, Tours, Verdun, Versailles and Vmcenm We only give the suborganization of the capital: Under the delegate-in-chief there is a vice-delegate, ami twenty delegates (apparently one for every ward of the city). There are eight peranto societies listed, besides the Central Esperanto ( Mfiee and Book Concern. Germany: delegates in 227 places, including Berlin, Dresden, Munich, .Leipzig, Bremen Dus>eldorf, Bayreuth, Frankfurt a AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 11 M., Hamburg, Hannover, Heidelberg, Karlsruhe, Coblentz, Co- logne, Lubeck, Madgeburg, Mainz, Nurnberg, Oldenberg, Stuttgart, Ulm, Worms, etc., etc., Berlin has a chief delegate and vice-chief delegate, a special commercial delegate, and twen • del dividing the city among them. There are twelve Esperantist organizations, besides a Central Office. (Of cour e i goes without saying thai many of the Other citi both m Germany and elsewhere, an mixed on the same plan. Greece: delegates in four pla including the capital. Spain: delegates in 37 places, including Madrid, Barcelona, ville, Valencia, /arago/a. Hungary: delegates in 23 places, including Budapest, the capital which has the "skeleton" organization of delegate, vi< delegate. Central I iffice, besides eight Esperantist societies. Italy: delegates in 4tf places, including Rome, Bologna, Flor- ence, Genoa, Venice, Pisa. Milan, Padua, Palermo, Syracu Trieste and Fiumc. Almost all the larger cities are suborgan- d. as usual, at least into delegate, vice-delegate and centt «•ffiee. Latvia: delegates in 14 places, including Riga, Lithuania: delegates in three places. Monaco has its delegate at Monte Carlo. Holland: delegates in 39 places, including The Hague, Am- sterdam. Haarlem. Leiden, Rotterdam and Utrecht The usual snhorganization in the larger cities. Norway : delegates in eight places. Poland: delegates in 43 places, including Warsaw, and Cra- The u»ual suburbanization. Portugal: delegates in tour places, including Lisbon i the lat- ter suborganized as usual). Roumania: delegates in 50 places, including, of course, the I. Bucharest delegate, vice-delegate. Esperanto society and Central < office). Saar Territory: delegate» in five places. Sweden: delegate- in 33 pla including, of course, Stock- holm, the capital. The usual suhorganizati Jugoslavia: delegates in 21 pla Turkey: delegate in Constantinople. Sweden : delegates in 33 places, including Geneva. Bern. Base1. Lausanne. Zurich, etc. The usual suhorganizations. Gene\ • may add, is the headquarters of the Universal Esperanto A sociation, and. therefore, the "capital" of the Esperanto World. Passing now out of Europe; in the Japanese Empire we find 13 delegate-place», including, of course, the capital. Tokio. Of the Republic f Central and South America; Argentina has delegates in 5 places (Buenos Ay res, etc.); Bolivia has one 12 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO delegate; Brazil has delegates in 6 places, including the capital; Costa Rica has one at its capital; Panama has a delegate; Uru- guay has a delegate at its capital, and ^<> has Venezuela. Cuba .has delegates in 8 places, including the capital. Mexico has del- egates in lour places ( xico Cit Vcapulco, < Orizaba and Tam- plco). In China there are delegates in Pekin, Canton. Shang- hai. Harbin and Tsinan. There are delegates in Skutari, Al- bania; in Algeria, in Burma. India, the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Iceland, the Canary Island occo. Java, Cclel Sumatra. New Guinea, Palestine, Persia, South Africa. To say nothing <>t the English-speaking world, upon whose organiza- tion we have not touched, nor need to touch, except to say that (considering their size and importance) these United States are at the very tail end of the Esperanto movement, the most back- ward country in the world in International Language. See our leading editorial in this issue. NOTE. During the coming year we will give to Esperanto Societies sending five or more names to Amcrika Esperantisto a discount of 20 per cent on new subscriptions and 10 per cent on renewals. The subscriber is expected to pay full price and your club treasury will receive the benefit. FOR THE BEGINNER A Bulgarian Folk Tab, translated from the Bulgarian by a Bulgarian. LA MAI I. VBORKM A JUNEDZINO Bulgara popola fahclo. En vilaĝo kreskis bela knabino Bogdanka. Ŝi cstis tro mal- laborema. Ŝiaj gepatroj estis bonhavaj. Si estis ununura pe ili. tial—tro dorlotata, sia patrino mastrumadis tra la hejmo, kaj ŝi nur ornainigadis. Plcnkreskis Bogdanka kaj fariĝis bela fraŭlino. ^ Oni komencis por postub ŝin je bofilino. ŝia patrino al ĉiuj diradis: —Nia Bogdanka estas ankorafi malgranda kaj neinstruita la- bori. Si estas mia dorlotatino, Ciuj forira< idinte ĉi tion. Foje venis maljunulo postuli sin. j—Mi aiidis, ke vi havas belan fraŭlinon. Mi venis postuli sin je bofilino. La patrino ankaŭ al li responds: —Nia Bogdanka estas ankoraii malgranda kaj nc in truita labori. Si estas nia dorlotatino. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 13 —Kvankam,—diris la maljunulo; ĉe ni ncniu devigas iun la- bori. Kiu volas,—laboras, kiu ne volas,—sidas senokupa. Mi ha 3 ankoraŭ du bofilinojn. Kiam ili volas, tiam laboras. Post semajno oni faris la geedzigon. La duan tagon post la geedzigo la festeno finiĝis kaj riu kom- encis sian laboron. La junedzino sidadis festvestite kaj nenioii ekpalpis hejme. Oiuj kolektiĝis tagmanĝi kaj sidiĝis re la mangotablo. Nttf junedzino sidis for kaj atendis, por ke ili invito sin. La aliai bofilinoj alportis manĝaĵon kaj metis antaŭ la bopatro grandan panbulnn. Preninte la panon li disrompis ĝin je tiom pecoj, kiom homoj estis ĉe la mangotablo. —Kaj al la junedzino? diris la bopatrino. —si ne estas malsata.—rediris la maljunulo. Kiam oni ne laboras, ne ekmalsatas. Post la tagmanĝo ĉiuj rec komencis labori. Hi laboris ĝL la vespero. La junedzino rce sidiĝis kaj nenioii ekpalpis. Hi kolektiĝis vespermanĝi. La maljunulo prenis la panbulon kaj disrompis ĝin same je tioiri pecoj, kiom homoj e e la mangotablo, —Kaj al Bogdanka?:—denutndis la avino. —Si ne estas malsata,—respondis la maljunulo. Kiam oni ne labotas, ne ekmalsatas. Vespermanginte ili iom interparolis pri tio, kiu kion labon la venantan tagon, enlitiĝis kaj dolĉe ekdormis. Knlitiĝis ankaŭ Bogdanka. sed ĉu povas ekdormi malsataj okuloj? Si apenau atendis ĝis la tagiĝo. ŝi ellitiĝis, laviĝis, elmelkis la bovinojn, elirigis la bovidojn kaj purigis la hejmon. Kllitiĝis ankaŭ la aliaj kaj vidinte kion estas farinta la juned- zino, ekrigardis unu la alian kaj ekridetis. Tagmeze la junedzino aranĝis la manĝotablon kaj sidiĝis vrc kun la aliaj. Disrompinte la panbulon la maljunulo donis pecon al la juned- zino kaj aldonis: —\ i. junedzino. hodiaŭ laboris plej multe,—jen ankaŭ al \ de la pano,—kaj metis antaŭ ŝi la plej grandan pecon. Pan- ankoraŭ unu-du semajnoj kaj la junedzino kutimiĝis al la laborado. Post tri semajnoj ŝiaj gepatroj venis gasti. Eliris ĉiuj sur la korto renkonte al ili, kaj la junedzino ekkuris, malfermis la pordegon kaj rapide ekkriis: —Patrino!—PatroL .. Bonvenon! Sed pli baldaŭ malsupre» niĝu el la veturilo kaj ekokupiĝu je laboro! Tie ĉi oni ne estas kiel ni: tie ĉi oni ne permesas al nelaboranto manĝi! El la gazeto "Homeco," Julio 1925. 14 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO FIRST COURSE IN ESPERANTO Note: The following elementary lessons are compiled after the so-called "direct" method, discarding ti Nations as much as possible, and thus learning to think directly in the tanguaj itself. This is the best way to avoid that which especially makes a beginner in a new language unintelligible, name1 he unconscious literal incorporation into the new language of the idioms of his mother-tongue. After the first lesson, devoted to the pronunciation, the course will proceed entirely in Esperanto, utilizing at first the many roots and formations that are com- mon to English and Esperanto. An Engli>h-E>peranto key to foreign roots will be furnished, for reference in extreme case but it will be printed in small type at the end of the monthly installment following that in which the respective foreign roc appear. Thus there will always be a month in which the stu- dent's mind can train itself to determine the meaning of any strange looking root, if at all possible, from the context. LECH >NO I. Alfabeto kaj Prononco. The Esperanto alphabet is the same as the English, with the omission of q, w, x and y, and the addition of six accented let- ters, as shown below. The language is absolutely phonetic, each letter having the same sound everywhere. The letters have the m< pronunciation as the usual one in English, except the fol- lowing: C is like ts in "tits. ĈĈ is like ch in "church. G is always hard, as in "get. Ĝĝ is alway »ft, as in "gin." Ĥh (the only really foreign sound in Esperanto, and which very, very seldom occurs) is pronounced like German ch in ach! If the allusion may be pardoned, this is exactly the sound pro- duced in "hawking" or clearing the throat. T is like y in "yet." ĴĴ is like s in "measure." R is always tr-r-illed, as in singing. S has alway> tlie hissing sound, as in "hiss." ŜŜ is like sh in "ship." Ŭŭ is like w in "wet." (It is <>nly used in the dipthongs, aŭ, eu, which see below.) The five Esperanto vowels are pronounced exactly like the corresponding vowels in Italian: A as in "tAr," E as in "tEar," (the act of tearing). >9 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO IS I as in tier,'' O as in "tOre," U as in "toL'r." They are each pure sounds (that is icactly the same thruout their pronunciation.) A, I, U occasion no difficulty at all nglish-speakers. E and O require a little attention, becau the corresponding sounds in English (viz. the so-called English "long A" and "long ( >") are commonly given what orthograph- ers call a vanish"—which c ists of a short "i" sound on the end of "long A." and a short "u und on the end of "long O." Pronounce slowly the English words "fay, lay. say," and notice how tl uigue draw > the palate at the end of "-ay." Pronounce slowly the English words" mow, low, show." and notice how the lips draw cl r together at the end -o\v Jn Esperanto spelling these words would be written fej, lej, stej and moii, loŭ, sou—sounding noticeably different from fe, le, ste and mo, lo, so. The trick in Esperanto is to leave this "van- ish" off, keeping the tongue (in the v of E), the lips (in the ise of O) in the same position and absolutely motionless right thru the v owe] sound. Notice the following vowel combinations, or diphthongs: aj is like l in line. ej is like ei in "vein" | Esp, vejnoi. with "vanish/1 (Distinguish from simple e in veno ("coming"). oj is like oy in "ho uj is like ui in "ruin." au is like ow in "cow." eŭ is like "Eh-W" in the phra Eh, Will?" (which might 1>e written in Esp. spelling eu-il i. This diphthong occurs seldom. Rule of Accent. Invariably place the word accent on the next to the laM \o\vcl, no matter how seemingly unimportant (remembering that J and Ŭ are not reckoned as vowels). Make it a practice from the very 1 inning of tin lessons read everything in Esperanto out loud. If you do this, spec- ial pronunciation exercises are not m try. and they are not given in connection with this lesson. LECH >NO II. Substantivo. Voĉlegu la jenajn frazojn, Read the following sentences penante kapti ilian sencon el out loud, trying to catch their la kuntel . sen tradukado; meaning from the context. without translating them: Kato estas besto. Rozo estas tloro. Kanario estas bird< Aleksandro estas tajloro. La suno estas globo. La glaso est * 16 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO sur la tablo. Granito esta itono. En batalo e dangero. En la karaktero de la gencralo estas ktiraĝo. La onklo de Teo- doro estas dcntisto. La letero estas en la posto. Sur la tablo estas papcro kaj inko. La volumo estas histono de Irlando, Estas portrcto de la heroo en la Senat-ĉambro. Estas ringo sur la fingro d< iio. Sekundo estas parto de minuto. Decembro, Januaro kaj Fcbruaro estas en vintro. Junio, |ul;o kaj Aŭgusto en somen». Oktobro kaj Novembro estas en aŭtuno. La dato estas stir la kalendaro. Tajloro estas persono. Kato nc estas persono: kato est besto. s inko sur la paĝo. La anĝelo aperas en la formo de prince. En la braceleto ne esti perlo, sed diamanto. En la ringo nc estas safir ed rubio. En la vazo estas floro—tulip*». \ ipero estas serpen to. Laboro en la propagando de Esperanto estas plezuro. Esta- kandelo sur la piano. Estas ĝardeno apud la palaco de la duko. La letero de la Cambro de Komero» de Milano. La kontrakto estas sur la tablo en la cambro de la sekretario. Sur la listo estas kafo, teo kaj ĉokolado. En la kafo esta ikero kaj kremo. La vilaĝo estas apud la river»». "La" estas artikolo. "Estas" estas verbo. "Sur" estas prepozieio, Ankati "en" estas prepozicio. "Kaj" estas konjunkcio. Ankati "sed" estas konjunkcio. "Ne" tas adverbo (negativo). Aleksandro estas persono. Serpent»» tas besto. ŝtono estas objekto. Estas lipo sur la riven». \ Apud la ŝipo estas boatq. "A" estas liter»», kaj T<" estas litero. Ankaŭ "c" estas litero. "C" estas ankati konsonanto, Litero ne 'as letero. En la srorto "dcntisto" "-ist-" estas sufikso. Ek zemplo de prefikso estas "re-M en la vorto "reaperas." La ak- ro estas eu la teatro. Astronomio estas scienco. Provinco \ tas parto de lando. La forko estas apud la glaso sur la tablo. En la botelo estas acido. Estas telegrafo en la lando, sed ne telefono. Estas fajro sur la altaro. La profesoro estas loktoro. Ne esta^ polico en la vilaĝo. Turko ne estas kri tan»». i religio de la turko estas mohametanismo. men to estas parto de artneo. La studento estas surprizo al la profesoro. Estas cigaro sur la tablo, sed ne cigaredo, Centimo estas part»» de franko, kaj cendo esta- parto de dolaro. YorP» en "-o" estas substantive. Questions. What letter do all nouns in Esperanto end in? What are the meanings of the following non-English words ed in the above 1< (There will be a ''key" to these words at the end of next month's le n. but meanwhile you should have little or no trouble divining their meaning from their con- text, in which case the "key" will be for you superflous.) Definita artikolo: la. Prepoz -j : de, al, sur, en, apud. Kon- junkcioj: kaj, sed, ankaŭ. Negativo (adverbo): ne. N. B. Any question- in respect to tbese lessons will be gladly received, and, if pt ble, answered in this department. STRIKE WHILE THB IRON IS HOT—A CLASS THEN AND THERE BOOKS and PROPAGANDA Material of all kinds are on sale at The ESPERANTO OFFICB Drop us a postcard asking for a catalog THE BSPERANTO OFFICE, 507 Pierce Building, Copley Square, Boston 17, U MISERERE (Wagnalls) kaj THAIS (France) Po $ .50. Po $ .35. La ROZUJO ĈIUMILJARA (Wagnalls) La AKROBATO de Nia Sinjorino BLANCHE, la Virgulino de Lille (Schubin) MIMI, Rakonto pri la Latina Kvartalo dum la Milito (Giesy) La unuaj eldonajoj tradukitaj de S-RO EDWARD S. PAYSON Prezidanto de la Esperantista Asocio de Norda Ameriko Aĉeteblaj ĉe la Esperanto Office, Pierce Bldg., Copley Sq., Boston, Mass. DEZIRAS KORESPONDI Four insertions: 25 cents. Announcement consists of name and full address. Addi- tional matter : 10 c. per line or fraction thereof. Kvarfoja anonco: 5 postaj respond-kuponoj. Anonco konfttUas ntir el nomo kaj plena adre^ lis linio aŭ parto: 2 r. k. Alex mover Street, Ports- mouth, N. H. S-ro V. A. Platnikov, Rusujo, Moakvo, Or- dinskij Tupik d. 6, Rv. 19, sendas salutojn a) siaj malnovaj korespondantoj kaj desiras renovigi korespondadon kun lit, Ankaŭ de- ziras korcspondadi kun Esperantistoj dc land Promesas respondi. Li povas interŝangi librojn, gazetojn, ĵumalojn, p.k. aŭ leterojn. k.t.p. S-ro Jan Merta, Forberk 5, Wamberk, Ceko- alovalrfa. is. Scan Ion, University, Alabama (Usono) koleĵ. dcnto de/iras studentajn kore- spondojn. 11 Roy J 1168 W. 24th Street, Los Angeles, Calif., deziras korespondojn en ĉiuj lanrloj 11 Save Money on Your PERIODICAL SUBSCRIPTIONS Lowest Club Rates on Your List We make a Specialty of furnishing s of all kinds wherever pub- d, to subscribers anywher. Send us your Magazine orders for Quotation THE PALMER CO. 120 Boylston St. Boston, Mass. TUCKER TEACHERS' AGENCY, Inc. 120 Boylston Street Rooms 516-517-518-519 B ass. tyzttifaBUmak Art ^op 37 ST. JAMES AVENUE BOSTON, MASS. ^he House of Color UNUSUAL GIFTS ADVERTISE IN ENGLISH — AND IN ESPERANTO Reklamoj $20. po pa$c— % paftaj afi pli—10 numcroj ten lanfco $150. Perantoj akribu, pri rabata. STUDY ESPERANTO ESPERANTO HAS THE ENDORSEMENT OF EVERY REASONABLE INVESTIGATOR as the one PRACTICAL auxiliary language Recognised and in use as such since the World War by: The International Red Croat The World Union of International Association! The French and Italian Asso ms for the Advancement of Science The French Academy oi ce* e International Women'* if rage Alliance The International Peace Bureau The International Labor Office The World Union c omen The Catholic International League of Youth The Young Men's Christian Association The International Bureau of Freemason The International Fairs of Leipzig, Frankfort, Lyons, Paris, Basle, Padua, Lisbon, Barcelona, Bratislau, Bordeaux, Vienna, Reichenburg, Malmoe, and Helsingfors The Centennial Exposition of Brazil The Paris Chamber of Commerce and dozens of other organizations UNANIMOUSLY ENDORSED BY LEAGUE OF NATIONS ASSEMBLY By vote of September 21, 1922 HESITATE NO LONGER ELEMENTARY and ADVANCED CLASSES FOR STUDY OF THE LANGUAGE arc now just forming in all the principal cities of NORTH AMERICA and courses by correspondence may be arranged for anywhere (If you lack details as to local courses write today to) The Central Office of the Esperanto Association of North America 907 Pierce Bldg., Copley Sq., Boston 17, Mass., Hdqrs. for information & supplies