Apriljl908 Number 3 1 * •I AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO A MONTHLY MAGAZINE OF THE INTERNATIONAL AUXILIARY LANGUAGE ESPERANTO IN THIS NUMBER: GRAMMAR VOCABULARY ELEMENTS OF THE LANGUAGE TEN CENTS A COPY DOLLAR A YEAR AMERICAN ESPERANTIST COMPANY 186 FORTIETH STREET CHICAGO 1* * I i * to Digitized by Google $1.50 COMBINATION This Magazine, Price per Year $1.00 The American Esperanto Book $1.00 BOTH IN COMBINATION AT $1.50 The Book in Clubs of Five or More, .80 Each. The Combination, Five or More, at $1.20 The edition sold in our $1.50 Combination is printed on heavy book paper, English finish, and strongly bound in green cloth of extra grade. The contents of this book were prepared expressly for the American student. It is the best-printed, best-bound, most com- plete Esperanto text-book. Contains all the Zamenhof Exercises, translated with commentary and full word-list. 327 Pages. The American Esperanto Book is endorsed by such men as R. H. Geog- hegan, the first English-speaking Esperantist, Benedict Papot, professor of modern languages in Normal Department, Chicago Public Schools, many societies, and thousands of individuals. NOTE.—For some years Dr. Zamenhof was able to examine all Esperanto books, and many were published with his official approval. Over two years avo. however, be was compelled to abandon this work, so that many of the best, and all the latest books, are NOT "Aprobita dk Zamenhof". $l-DOLLAR OFFER One Copy of the Book, Premium Edition FREE WITH EACH YEARLY SUBSCRIPTION AT ONE DOLLAR, OR 80c IN CLUBS OF FIVE See illustration and description on third cover page. Printed from same plates as regular edition, omitting seven unimportant pages of extra matter. Thin bible paper, narrow margins, weight four oz. Sewed, opens fiat; 320 pages. Easily carried in purse or pocket for study on cars, at lunch, etc. Many prefer it to the cloth edition. AGENTS AND ORGANIZERS Can earn liberal commissions by handling our publications. We sell to them at cost to promote propaganda work. Our best offer is for those ONLY who will devote their entire time and energy to the work. We have different terms for "spare time" agents. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 186 FORTIETH STREET ft ft CHICAGO Digitized by Google AMERIKA J^ "PSPERANTISTO UNUA AMERIKA REVUO l^ J___j DE LA LINGVO INTERNACIA ESPERANTO VOLUMO III CHICAGO JUNIO MCMVIII NUMERO V ZAMENHOF FAVORS AMERICA IN AN OPEN LETTER to the Esperantists of America, Dr. Zamenhof sends his cordial greeting and good wishes for the success of the Chautauqua Con- gress, and recognizes the timeliness and importance of having the Fifth International Congress of Esperantists in America. This letter assures us that, so far as consistent with his position, he will give us his personal support: Varsovio. Al ĉiuj esperantistoj, kiuj kunvenis en Chautauqua, mi sendas mian koran saluton. Mi esperas ke la kunveno estos tre fruktoporta, ke ĝi havos tre gravan signifon por la esperan- tismo en Ameriko, forte puŝos tie antaŭen nian aferon kaj preparos la teron por la estonta tre glora universala kongreso esperantista en Ameriko. L. L. ZAMENHOF Warsaw. To all Esperantists convened in Chautauqua I send my cordial greeting. I hope that the convention will be very fruitful, that it will have a very important significance for "Esperantism" in America, will strongly push forward our cause there, and will prepare the ground for the future very glorious universal Esperantist Congress in America. Digitized by Google WORLD PROGRESS OF ESPERANTO IT MAY BE said, with comparative accuracy, that few modern people who read the review and make a fairly supportable pretention of keep- ing pace with the world's progress, have not learned something of the history of Esperanto and the general movement for an international language. It is not the purpose here to give a history of the early movement, nor to reply to the the many arguments against it. It is well established in history that new ideas and inventions remain the sub- ject of ridicule and opposition from the unthinking long after they have become firmly established in merit and usefulness. For over three hundred years the enlightened world has be- lieved that we live upon a planet; but in spite of this there are still schools of elegance and culture where this is sturdily denied and ingeniously con- tradicted. All arguments against Esperanto are reduced to ashes by the red-hot facts in the case. People can and do ac- quire a reading and writing knowledge of it in from one week to three months. People can and do learn to speak it from books alone, and to speak it with far greater accuracy than the average person can learn to speak any foreign tongue without actual residence among the natives of that tongue. People can and do understand the Esperanto of foreigners with a marvelous minimum of difficulty. All for the reason that the language is based for the most part upon root-words and sounds which already exist in the majority of languages , contains few vowels, with such broad distinction .between them that confusion is impossible, and is absoutely phonetic. To cov- er the world's progress of Esperanto even briefly would require a volume of several hundred pages, and it is possi- ble here to present only a very inade- quate synopsis of it: ALGIERS. Some time has passed since the arrival of the little mimeographed newspaper, "Afrika Esperantisto." That has been the sole source of information concern- ing affairs in North Africa. ARGENTINA. There was no organized Esperanto movement in Argentina at the date of latest information from that country. Several prominent newspapers have given the language favorable reviews and it is expected that organized propa- ganda will result in the near future. AUSTRIA. The group at Vienna is taking on great activity and promises to be well represented at the Congress in Dresden. AUSTRALIA. From all parts of the continent come inquiries about the language, and one may believe in the early establishing of an association by the Esperantists there. BELGIUM. It is remembered that Belgium first gave official consideration to the claims of Esperanto as an international lan- guage, sending its representative to the congress in Cambridge. Now comes the information that the study of Esperanto Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 83 is compulsory in the military schools of that country, and in Antwerp they teach it in the public schools. BOHEMIA. The Jubilee Exposition, which cele- brates the sixtieth year of the reign of Emperor Francis Joseph I, will take place in Prague, from May to October of the present year. The managers of the exposition are using Esperanto a great deal for advertising the affair, and several of the Esperanto gazettes of Europe have issued supplements about it. There will be an official invitation to the participants in the Dresden Con- gress to visit the exposition. BRAZIL. The latest information from this country concerns the formation of new groups in the cities of Parana, Pouzo, San Paulo and other places. BULGARIA. The Bulgarians will hold a national Esperanto congress this year, at Shu- men. CANADA. The group at Toronto is quite wide- awake and strong, and 500 persons at- tended the lecture of M. Privat in that city. There are several other groups in the Dominion. CHILI. In the coming December there will be a convention of scientists from the two Americas, in Santiago. Among them will be several Esperantists, and there will be an effort to interest the congress in the languag. DENMARK. Esperanto is progressing well in Den- mark. They are constantly founding clubs and arranging courses. FINLAND. From "Finna Esperantisto" it is learned that up to date more than 6,000 text-books for Esperanto have been sold in this small but very progressive country. FRANCE. There has been founded in Paris an Esperanto resort, where they keep a li- brary, games, etc., and one can always find Esperantists and speak the lan- guage. It is open from ten in the morn- ing to the same hour in the evening, and the monthly admission card costs ten cents. It will be a fine thing for travelers. In Rouen, the city council has given the Esperanto club a room, which is open every evening except hol- idays. An Esperanto summer resort has been arranged at Neuville-Sur-Saone. Many eminent and energetic Frenchmen advocate the organization of an inter- national Esperanto academy. GIBRALTAR. A daily newspaper published at this British military city gave not long ago an account of the enthusiastic reception of Dr. Yemans, an American Esperant- ist who now lives in the Philippine Islands. The international language is constantly growing among the soldiers of all countries. GREAT BRITAIN. The yearly convention and consulta- tion of the British Esperanto Associa- tion will take place in Edinburgh, the 6th to the 8th of June. On account of the growth of the business of the Asso- ciation it now has a new office and rooms irj the Museum Stations Build- ings. 133-136 High Holborn, London, W. C. HOLLAND. The General Military Journal now has a regular department of Esperanto. HUNGARY. There is a central propaganda society in Budapesth, though the general edu- cational and political conditions of the country seem to retard progress. The predominance of Magyars in political affairs and their suppression of lan- guages other than their own makes even the idea of a neutral language quite unwelcome. INDIA. According to a report by the secre- tary of the society there, the Esperant- ists met every week in Calcutta during the eight months preceding January. Our American friends in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, etc., who thought it useless to meet in the sum- Digitized by Google 84 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO mer, might get a lesson from this. Summer in Calcutta is as warm as— well, select your own comparison. The movement also prospers in Jetpur, Jam- nagar, Surat, Ahmedabad, Rawalpindi, and other places. IRELAND. The Irish Esperanto Association was formed early this year, as an outgrowth of the movement in England. JAPAN. The central propaganda society of Japan has about one thousand mem- bers, and the minister of education has given the language every encourage- ment. A Japanese-Esperanto magazine is published at Tokyo. JAVA. Throughout the Dutch and British possessions of the East Espertinto is well disseminated, and a society exists in the island of Java. KOREA. Prom both Russia and Japan the Es- peranto propaganda is invading this country and will doubtless make a growth commensurate with the general advancement of the country. MADAGASCAR. Esperanto was "planted" in this island by the French, and has made re- markable growth. MALTA. There has long been a strong Esper- anto movement in this little island, and the "Maltese" have issued many brochures and a periodical. MEXICO. The Mexican Theosophical Society has proposed to the World Theosophical Union the taking of Esperanto as an official international language of the Theosophists. NEW ZEALAND. In this distant island Amcrika Espcr- antisto has subscribers, and of course there is soli also "The American Esper- anto Book." NORWAY. Norway has no national society for Esperanto propaganda, though there is wide-spread interest in the language and a number of text books available for Norwegians. . PANAMA. Many Americans living in the Canal Zone and the Republic of Panama are interested in Esperanto. PARAGUAY.. On the border of this country is be- ing organized a co-operative colony, managed by Americans, but expecting to embrace in its citizenship people from all nations. The official language of the colony is tobe Esperanto. PERU. This was the first South American country to take up Esperanto, and the legislature voted a small subsidy to the propaganda of the language. Peru has had an Esperanto periodical for four years. PHILIPPINES There is in Manilla a strong society of American, Spanish and Filipino Es- perantists, and they publish a good ga- zette-in Esperanto, English, Spanish and one of the island languages. ROUMANIA. In the present year there was founded a large society of Esperantists in Ga- latzo. They publish a good journal, '' Rumena Esperantisto.'' RUSSIA. An unauthenticated report says that they are teaching Esperanto in the naval school at Vladivostok. That city has been for a long time the home of skilled Esperantists. In St. Peters- burg there is a new magazine, the name of which is "Espero." Thus the two in St. Petersburg and the "Pola Esper- antisto," now published at Warsaw, make in all three Esperanto publica- tions in Russia. SAMOS. In this small island, inhabited by Greeks under Turkish rule there is a Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 85 large and enthusiastic Esperanto soci- ety, which has published several works in Greek and Esperanto. SCOTLAND. The Esperanto movement in Scotland is a part of the British, the Scots be- ing members of the British Esperanto Association. There are strong societies in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and other eieties of Scotland. SWEDEN. From the files of the official gazette, "Esperantisten," it seems that Esper- anto is not progressing much, although there are no signs that it is losing ground. Certainly it is not growing there as rapidly as in other countries of northern Europe. SWITZERLAND. One of the most noteworthy things of the present time in Switzerland is the acceptance of accounts and checks according to the scale of the inter- tional auxiliary money, which the Swiss clearing house, at Geneva, has done. These checks are not alone ex- cellent propaganda matter for the cause of an international language, but will greatly help in conducting inter- tional business. One can have specimen checks on request, from "Esperanto," No. 8, Rue Bovy-Lysberg, Switzerland. In The Field of Practical Use THE DEVELOPMENT of the practical side of Eperanto must of necessity follow at some distance the van of the propaganda, but as the possible applications of the language are almost without limit we may expect to see a tremendous growth of the practical side within the next few years. In fact, everything which has been accomplished in that direction so far may be regarded as comparatively nothing except as indicating the trend of affairs. THE RED CROSS. The International Red Cross and all peace societies have been besieged by representatives of Esperanto for some years. There is an international peace society composed wholly of Esperant- ists, and the Red Cross Society will send a delegate to the Esperanto Con- gress at Dresden in August. VV. T. Stead, the well-known London journal- ist and publisher of the Review of Reviews, in attendance at the Hague Conference last summer, openly ex- pressed the opinion that the Esperanto Congress was more of a peace-bringing affair than that of the Hague, where days of valuable time were consumed in the necessary translations. CHRISTIAN ENDEAVOR SOCIETIES. The United Societies of Christian En- deavor, which have made such great progress in the United States and Eng- land, are using Esperanto to extend their propaganda in Continental Eu- rope. With 8,000 British societies and 956 locals on the continent, they publish their official organ in Esperanto, thus making it available for their members in any part of the world. The Chris- tian Endeavor World, organ of the movement in the United States, has had an Esperanto department for the last two years, in which is now appearing serially a translation of the Book of John. GOOD TEMPLARS. The Good Templars now have an in- ternational password in Esperanto. At their recent international convention in Washington, it was recommended that all members learn Esperanto, especially all delegates to international conventions. The great amount of time lost in transla- Digitized by Google 8G AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO tions was the usual convincing argu- ment. POLICE. The international European organi- zation of police, government detectives, etc., has taken up Esperanto as a prac- tical means of facilitating the pursuit of criminals and the performance of other duties which require a knowledge of more than one tongue. MASONS. Esperantist Free Masons held a con- ference in Cambridge, England, last summer, and there is widespread en- thusiasm among Masons throughout the world regarding the possibilities of Es- peranto in the international affairs of their order. Many Masonic publica- tions in the United States have pub- lished favorable comment on the lan- guage. THEOSOPHISTS. There is a general movement among Theosophists in the United States and Mexico for the adoption of Esperanto as the international language of the cult. It seems certain that this and dozens of other movements which must support an international propaganda will soon be using Esperanto. COLLECTORS. . The person with a hobby for collect- ing anything—flowers, butterflies, ores, stamps, post-cards, etc., finds Esperanto now fully developed for his purposes, as the first adherents were drawn largely from this element. One can have cor- respondents in any part of the world. A Chicago young man has a collection of 4,000 post-cards, from seventy na- tions.. There is hardly an island large enough to appear on an ordinary map but has its Esperantist. ADVERTISERS. Hundreds of small advertising enter- prises have made use of Esperanto, though at this time no large undertak- ings, such as an American mail order catalogue, have appeared. There is in Europe, however, a profusion of Esper- anto tobacco, Esperanto whisky, Esper- anto temperance tracts, perfumes, med- icines, tooth-powders, boot polish, pickled herring, etc. The Oliver Type- writer Co., the Hammond and Yost Typewriters, the makers of the Ideal, the managers of the Prague Jubilee Ex- position, are a few among many adver- tisers who use Esperanto. The London Chamber of Commerce, in its educa- tional department gives regular exami- nations and grants diplimas in Es- peranto. SCIENTISTS. There is an international scientific society of Esperantists, which maintains an office at Geneva. Hundreds of the members are now collaborating on a vast encyclopedia of scientific and technical terms, which will provide a complete vocabulary for the scientific world. SWEDENBORGIANS. The London office of this church is issuing propaganda matter in Esperanto and many of the members and pastors in the United States are enthusiastic Esperantists. SOCIALISTS. At the triennial international con- gress of the Socialist Party at Stutt- gart in 1907, strong pressure was brought to bear for the adoption of peranto as one of the languages of the convention; which, representing some thirty million people and publish ing propaganda matter in over a hun- dred languages, uses French, German and English in official work. The plan is to make Esperanto at first simply auxiliary to the other three. CATHOLICS. Emile Peltier, a French priest, pub- lishes an Esperanto monthly in the in- terests of the Catholic church, and among many books and pamphlets has issued a prayer-book in Esperanto. The pope has given Esperanto the apostolic benediction. • WOMAN'S RIGHTS. A strong international protective so- ciety (Esperantist) for women was or- ganized in 1907, and now has members in nearly every country of the world. Digitized by Google CHAUTAUQUA IDEALA KONGRESEJO CHAUTAUQUA AN IDEAL CONGRESS-PLACE BENEDICT PAPOT CU VI iam Ceestis Ce Chautauqua? Ceestinte tie, vi scias kial ĝi estas ideala kongresa loko ; ne Ceestinte, vi volos scii. Chautauqua estas hela vilageto kuSanta inter ombri- gantaj arboj sur la montetaj bordoj de Lago Chautauqua, jealtecode 1400 futoj super la marnivelo, kaj 700 futoj super Lago Erie, kiu nur je dek mejloj inter- Spaciĝas. La vojagon tien oni povas fari de Cikago, Cincinnato aŭ Nova Jorko en dekdu horoj, kaj la fervojoj donas rabatajn prezojn. La alironta vojaĝanto, kiu enSipigas ' sur la fortika vaporSipeto kaj transiras , la lagon havas belegan vidon Clean de la , arbara urbloko. La Kolegio, supre sur • la monteto, la Hotelo Athenaeum apud la lagbordo, la konstruajo sur la enŝip- iĝejo, estas la unuaj termarkoj, kiujn li ekvidas; poste, kiam la Sipeto alprok- simiĝas, li estas impresata de la agrab- leco\vkaj pureco de la Cirkaŭaĵo. La amas( p da blankaj vestoj apud la lagbor- do, la 7 boatoj naĝantaj sur la malgranda golfet",;o, la malrektaj vojetoj kaj la kom- forta /j privataj somerdomoj inter la altaj atbo_ h ĝojigas la okulojn kaj forgesigas alCTi lavarmon de la vojirado. Tiam la ;- atendantoj ce la enŝipiĝejc—la flirtado de la poStukoj—la varmaj akceptadoj ! Kaj ricevinte bileton, la vojiranto fine estas en la urbloko. Elirante el la enSipiĝejo sin trovas la HAVE YOU ever been to Chau- tauqua! If so, you know it is an ideal place for a con- gress ; if you have not, you will wish to know. Chautauqua is a pretty little village nestling amidst shady trees on the hilly shores of Lake Chautauqua at an altitude of 1,400 feet above the sea level and 700 feet above Lake Erie which is only ten miles distant. The journey thither may be made from Chi- cago, Cincinnati or New York in about twelve hours and the railroad rates have been greatly reduced. The incoming traveler who boards the stout little steamer and crosses the lake has a beautiful general view of the wooded grounds. The college, high on the hill, the Hotel Athenaeum by the shore, the pier building on the point are the first landmarks that he recognizes, then, as the boat approaches, he is im- pressed with the neatness and cleanli- ness of the surroundings. The throng of white dressess on the lake shore, the row boats plying in the little bay, the winding roadways and the com- fortable private villas among the tall trees delight the eyes and make him forget the heat of the journey. Then the expectant ones at the pier, the flutter of handkerchiefs, the warm greetings. Finally after obtaining a ticket at the gate, the wayfarer is at last within the grounds. Emerging from the pier building the Digitized by Google: 90 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO kio Cio Chautauqua malsimilas aliajn lokojn. "Sed," vi dentandos, "kial elekti tian malgrandan lokon anstataŭ granda urbo por havi lakvinan internacian kon- greson?" Tial ke interne de tiu t'\ urbloko regas Chautauqua Instituto, pro speciala lego de la Ŝtato New York ; kaj dum la lastaj 34 jaroj, sekvinte sian celon antaŭenigi la intelektan, socian, korpan, moralan kaj religian bonstaton de la popolo, estis la afero de Chautauqua administri ama- which makes Chautauqua so different from other places. " But," you will ask, "why select such a small place instead of a large city to hold the Fifth International Congress of Esperantistst" Because within the grounds, by special legislation of the State of New York, Chautauqua Institution rules; and for the last 34 years, in pursuance of its aim to promote the intellectual, social, physical, moral, and religious welfare of the people, it has been Chautauqua's business to handle large crowds. The village grew for that purpose, the A VIEW OP THE LAKE segon. Por tio kreskis la vilago, pro tio efektivigis la tuta administracio, kaj gi facile povos prizorgi 40,000 personojn. En la centro mem de la urbeto staras la grandega Amfiteatro, loko de la Ĉiu- taga Cefkunveno, kaj estas sennombraj kunvenejoj kie dudek diversaj kunven- etoj povas samtempe kunveni. Ciutaga ĵurnalo, oficialaj afiŝoj ĉiumatene metitaj en oportunaj lokoj tute tra la urbeto kiel eble plej faciligas la disvastigon de sci- igoj. Bona muzikistaro, kvarteto de soloistoj estas pretaj helpi je amuzo. whole organization is perfected for that purpose and it can easily take care of 20,000 people. Right in the center of the town stands the large amphitheater for the principal meeting each day, then there are num- berless halls where twenty separate sec- tions of the congress can be accommo- dated simultaneously. A daily newspa- per and official bulletins posted each morning in convenient places about the town simplify to the utmost the dis- semination of information. A good band, a trained choir, a quartet of solo- ists are ready to assist in entertain- Digitized by Googk AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 91 Palisaro Cirkaŭ la vilaĝo estas Sirmilo kontraŭ malbonvena enŝovo. ĉiuj aran- goj por plenumi oficialajn aferojn estas apude, oni ne perdas tempon kurante tien Ci kaj tien, Ĉiuj oportunecoj por socialaj interrilatoj estas donataj. Cu vi rimarkis la klopodojn de la Eŭ- ropanoj por atingi tiun Ci saman celon, elektante kvietan vilagon, Weisser Hirsch, por sociala interrilato post la rapidego kaj movego de la Dresdena Kongreso ? Chautauqua kunigus Dres- denon kaj Weisser Hirsch. ment. A fence around the town insures protection against unwelcome intrusion. All the accommodations for the transac- tion of official business are at hand, no loss of time running to and fro is en- tailed, all opportunities for social inter- course are afforded. Did you notice the efforts made by the Europeans to reach this very end by se- lecting a quiet village, Weisser Hirsch for social intercourse after the hustle and bustle of the Dresden Congress! Chautauqua would combine Dresden and Weisser Hirsch. THE COLONNADE Kaj Cion tion, post la fermo de la somera lernejo, kiam forestis la amason, la esperantistaro povas havi por si mem, nur petante pri ĝi. Cu vi bezonas pli da kialoj ? Sed tio ne estas Cio. Chau- tauqua Instituto ne estas nur somera lernejo, kiel iuj erare "pensas ; estas in- stitucio kiu laboras la tutan jaron, hav- anta sian propran presejon, sian propran gazetaron, sian propran grandegan in- fluon tra la tuta Usono, kaj gi havas milojn post miloj dafideluloj, kiuj, kvan- kam eble Ciuj ne farigos aktivaj esperan- And all this, after the close of the summer school, when the crowd has gone, the Esperantists may have to themselves, merely for the asking. Are further in- ducements needed? But that is not all. Chautauqua Institution is not merely a summer school, as some erroneously be- lieve ; it is an institution at work the year round, with it's own press, it's own publications; its own enormous influ- ence throughout the United States: and it has thousands upon thousands of faithful followers who, while they may not all become active Esperantists. will Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO tistoj, helpos la movadon pro Chautau- qua. Tiu ĉi pova ilo helpos vin—se vi petos pri ĝi. Sed peti vi devas ! Ne nur momente pensu, ke Chautauqua Instituto petos pri la Kvina kaj poste petos pri via Ceesto. Chautauqua rigardas vin kiel granda amaso disigita tra Usono. Ĝi prezentis al vi la unuan okazon kukveni kaj pretigi viajn planojn ; ĝi volas helpi vin, sed tute ne intencas antaŭiri aŭ iamaniere sin intermeti.en la adminis- tron de via afero. help the movement for Chautauqua's sake. This whole powerful machinery will help you—for the asking. But ask you must! Do not for a mo- ment imagine that Chautauqua Institu- tion i3 going to get the Fifth Congress for you and then ask the favor of your presence. Chautauqua looks upon you as a large body scattered throughout the United States. It has offered you your first opportunity to come together and to make your plans; it is willing to help you; but it does not propose to take A RUSTIC BRIDGE Nun estas tempo por agado. Mal- granda Svedujo, kun pli malgranda loĝ- antaro ol la Ŝtato Nova Jorko, Jus havis unuan nacian kunvenon, kaj ne timis ordoni al siaj Dresdenaj delegitoj inviti la Kvinan, konfidanteal tio, ke ĝi trovos en la lando nur 1,000 esperantistojn por garantii laelspezojn. Estas plimulte da esperantistoj en Usono ol en Norvegujo, Svedujo, Danujo, Hispanujo kaj Portu- galujo ; Cu la usonaj esperantistoj timas entrepreni tion, kion la svedaj esperan- tistoj kuraĝas fari ? Alia bona kaŭzo por havi la kvinan Ce THE BOAT HOUSE the lead or to interfere in any way with the management of your affairs. Now is the time for action. Little Sweden, with a smaller population than the state of New York has just held its first National Convention and was not afraid to instruct its delegates to Dres- den to invite the Fifth Congress to meet in Stockholm, depending upon its ability to find within its borders 1,000 Esper- antists in order to guarantee expenses. There are more Esperantists in the United States than in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Spain, and Portugal together; are they afraid to undertake what little Sweden dares dot Another good reason for holding the Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 93 Chautauqua estas, ke, el la vidpunkto de historia intereso, ni tute ne povas kon- kuri kontraŭ tiaj lokoj kiaj Genevo, Kejmbriĝo aŭ Dresdeno. Tial, io tute rnalsarna, kio aliloke en la mondo ne ekzistas, estus bone akceptitaj de la fremdlandaj esperantistoj. La plimulto venos tra Nova Jorko, kaj povus return- eniri tra Washington kaj Philadelphia, vidante tiamaniere kelkajn el la grandaj urboj kaj parton de la lando. Cio, kion oni necese bezonos por havi sukcesegon, estas unuanimeco de celo, organizado kaj agado. Kiel la Philistine diras : ' 'Ne estu pasaĝero-—klopodu pri la antaŭenirado de tiu Ci Sipo ! " Kaj estas multaj manieroj per kiuj vi povas helpi. Vi povas fariĝi bona esperan- tisto en unu jaro se vi provos ; aŭ, estante mallerta esperantisto vi povas superi en propagando. Malprosperante je ambaŭ klopodoj, vi tamen povas esti bonega organizanto. ĉiaokaze vi povas esti fidela, vi povas aliĝi al la asocio, pagi la kotizaĵon kaj aboni la ĵurnalon— nun—Car prokrasto estas danĝera. Ni antaŭenpuŝu la aferan flankon tia- maniere ke ni allogos la aferistojn de la lando kaj ni laboru ! laboru kune 1 kun nur unu celo ! Memoru lamalgrandan eblecon, ke la eŭropanoj baldaŭ Satos la transiradon de la maro, kaj ankaŭ, ke ili trovos la vojaĝon tiel kosta post jaroj kiel nun. Eŭropanoj ne ankoraŭ lernis pagi la vojiradon de delegatoj. Tio estas tial ke distancoj kaj vojaĝelspezoj estas ne- gravaj. Ili devas lerni kaj ni devas instrui ilin pri tio ! sed farante tion ni eble devos helpi ilin. Bone, tio estas de vi juĝota. Certeco estas, ke se vi decidos havi kongreson, vi havos gin. Plie, se vi tion nun decidos, vi havos dekoble tiom da esperantistoj la venon- tan jaron kiom nun, kaj la Ceestantaro Ce la kongreso estos tiel granda, ke la Fifth International Congress at Chau- tauqua is that we cannot hope to com- pete from the point of view of histori- cal interest with such places as Geneva, Cambridge, or Dresden. Therefore, something entirely different, the like of which exists nowhere else in the world, would he welcome to the foreign Esper- antists. Most of them would come through New York and might return by way of Washington and Philadelphia, thus seeing some of the large cities and part of the country. All that is needed to achieve success is unanimity of purpose, organization, and action. As the Philistine says: "Don't be a passenger—get busy help- ing this craft along!" And there are many ways in which you can help. You may make yourself a good Esperantist in one year, if you want to apply your- self; or, you may be a poor Esperantist and yet excel in propaganda work. Fail- ing in both you may still be an excel- lent organizer. At any rate, you can be faithful, you can join the organization, pay up your dues, and subscribe to the paper—now—for pro- crastination is dangerous. Let us bring forward the practical business side of Esperanto so as to enlist the business interests of the country, and let us work ! work together! for one purpose! Remember that there is slight chance of the Europeans growing fonder than they now are of crossing the Ocean; probably they will not be better able to afford the trip five years hence. Euro- peans have not yet learned to pay the way of delegates. This is because dis- tance and therefore cost of travel are unimportant factors in European coun- tries. They will have to learn, and we shall have to teach them; but in order to do so, we may have to help them. Well and good; that is a quesiiun for you to decide. One thing is sure, and that is that if you make up your mind to get the congress you will get it. Fur- thermore, if you insist now on having it, you will have ten times as many Esper- antists next year as you have now; and Digitized by Google 94 AM ERIK A ESPERANTISTO eŭropanoj devos labori multe da jaroj por ĝin egali. Fine, se vi deziras havi la kongreson Ce Chautauqua, vi povas havi la helpon de Chautauqua. Kion vi faros pri tio? at the congress there will be an attend- ance that Europeans will have to strive long and hard in order to equal. Last- ly, if you want it at Chautauqua you may have the help of Chautauqua. What are you going to do about it ft" £ INTERNATIONAL MONEY. Co-existent with the demands for an international means of communication is the necessity for a fixed international standard of value. While such words as dollar, piaseter, yen, shilling, may be rendered according to the Esperanto spelling, the words themselves convey no definite idea of value except to per- sons who are familiar with the various coins and units. For the purpose of having a standard of value instantly understood by any Esperantist, there has been unofficially adopted the spesmilo (value in U. S. money $.4875) which means to the American half-a-dollar, to the Englishman two shillings, etc. Its value has a definite gold basis, fixed by the International Scientific Office, at Geneva, Switzerland. The clearing- house of that city now issues check blanks in which the money of payment Is spesmiloj and a table showing the value of this unit in coins of all nations is printed on the back. The Scientific Office, 8 rue Bovy-Lysberg, Geneva, also sells blank check-books, at ten cents each, which one can use in drawing checks for spesmiloj on his home bank. The use of the checks will doubtless prove a means of wide publicity for the international money plan. DR. YEMANS IN AMERICA Dr. H. W. Yemans, an army surgeon at Manila and head of the Esperanto movement in the Philippines, is now in the United States after a tour of Spain, France, Switzerland and Germany. Dr. Yemans is making an energetic effort to have this country represented, through the War Department, at Dresden. On his European tour he was much in the company of General Wood, who became a convert to the language and is using his influence in its behalf. The Ameri- can consuls at Geneva and Madrid have also submitted favorable reports. All of our readers who can possibly swing influence at Washington should at once have letters on the subject addressed to the Surgeon General. Nemesis is flittering after this maga- zine on thirteen wings. On the 13th of April we received a hundred subscrip- tions, and on the 13th of May, eighty- two. The unlucky part of it all is, that a howling sea .of uncharted nothing foams between the average of 13 and that of the other and ordinary days. "Avast, there, ye mendacious and de- liberate son of. a sea cook! dust off the furniture in the fo'cas'le, put a tuck in the merry jib-sail, overboard with the starboard bunker an' 'eave that lead!" ft Esperanto clubs are notified that in future, any club which has sent us an initial order or for any other reason been allowed the club rate of 80c and $1.20 on our book and magazine combi- nations, may send in single subscrip- tions at this price for club members. This is not by way of showing special favor to the clubs as against individ- uals; but as it costs us time, labor and money to secure new subscribers we are more than willing to allow a reasonable discount to those who work with us and for us. Digitized by Google ASSOCIATION NEWS NOTES & * £ E. K. HARVEY, SECY AMERICAN ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION THE COUNCIL of the American Esperanto Association has been balloting to till the vacancies caused by the recent resignations of Messrs. Stephen W. Travis, of New York, and Otto H. Mayer, of Chicago. As a result the new councilors are Prof. Benedict Papot, of Chicago, and Mr. Ward Nichols, of Philadelphia. Both gentlemen are well-known, ardent Es- perantists, and have done much for the language in their respective localities. Prof. Papot has been very influential in bringing about the coming Chatauqua Congress, and Mr. Nichols has recently been elected president of the Philadel- phia society. The A. E. A. has chosen to represent it officially at the Dresden Congress two of its councilors and two delegates-at- large. They are well known: Prof. Viles of Columbus (president of the A. E. A.,) Prof. Grillon of Philadelphia, Mr. Lewis B. Luders, who attended the Geneva Congress, and Mr. W. M. Ampt of Cincinnati, founder of the movement in that locality. With such a delegation America will be well represented. The American Esperanto Association has sent to Mr. Edmond Privat a resolu- tion expressing in highest terms its ap- preciation of his work for Esperanto in America during the past six months. It would be an excellent thing for Esper- anto if each nation had some foreign samideano traveling around in its bor- ders teaching the language, as does Mr- Privat. A band of twenty such mission- aries engaged on a salary by the Centra Oficeio and exchanging countries each year would be better even than a set of schools on the Berlitz method. Who will donate the money to finance this scheme, or at least enough to try it for five years—Carnegie or you ? A set of examining boards has been es- tabished by the A. E. A. to issue to Americans upon examination a teacher's license of the grade (A. p. K.) used by the British and French associations. A large number of candidates are trying and several have already passed. For information apply to the American Es- peranto Association, Fenway Station, Boston, Mass. It is well to remember, however, that the examination is quite difficult and that the standard is kept very high. An analyis of the first hundred an- swers to a recent circular to members of the A. E. A. reveals several interest- ing facts: One club and six members disapprove of the new constitution, and ninety-three members approve. Thirty- eight persons express their intention of being at Chautauqua during the conven- tion and a total of 123 tickets would be subscribed at five dollars each if the Fifth Congress would be held in Amer- ica. This is very encouraging. How the times do change! The old- est and most conservative school in New England—the famous Roxbury Latin School—gave to Esperanto a prominent part in its commencement exercises held in Bostop June 18th. One of its most promising scholars, Mr. Ralph Beatley, '09, translated into Esperanto from the French of Fenelon a dialogue Aleksan- dro kaj Bxoge.no, which was considered so good that it was delivered at the ex- ercises by two of Dr. D. 0. S. Lowell's class, David Craig and Frederick Black- wood. Among the hearers were many of the most noted educators of New England, including the well-known as- tronomer, Prof. Percival Lowell. The dialogue made an excellent impression on the audience. Digitized by Google 96 ESPERANTO ORGANIZATION THERE are, without doubt, thou- sands of Esperantists and Esper- anto students in America who know nothing whatever of the ex- isting associations. In your own county, in your own town, somebody is studying Esperanto, who would like to meet you and "talk it" with you. Others have begun the study and dropped it because they could not have assistance or asso- ciation in the work. Much more can be done, and much greater pleasure de- rived from the study of the language if we affiliate with those about us. For the purpose, therefore, of enabling Esper antists to "get together," we publish here a list of addresses by states of per- sons to whom each Esperanto resident of that state may profitably send a postal card. In cases where we are aware of an existing organization, we give the ad- dress of the secretary of the organiza- tion. Where we do not know of an organization, we give the address of one of the active Esperantists, who we have reason to believe possesses time and in- terest sufficient to compile the addresses and undertake to frame a temporary or- ganization. In any case, we guarantee that the person receiving your address will preserve it and file it with the state organization the moment this is brought into existence: ESPERANTO SOCIETIES AND CLUBS. American Esperanto Society, Edward K. Harvey, Secretary, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston. ALABAMA: Arthur P. Bean, Huntsville. ALASKA: R. H. Geoghegan, Fairbanks. ARIZONA: Miss Grace Bernard, 619 Third Street, Phoenix. ARKANSAS: Dr. Wells Le Fevre, 1501 West Second Avenue, Pine Bluff. CALIFORNIA: Los Angeles Esperanto Association; Ralph Bond, 232 South Hill street Auxiliary Language Association; Prof. James Main Dixon, University of Cali- fornia, Los Angeles. San* Diego Esperanto Society; Dr. C. G. Gearn, 2545 Front street. San Francisco Esperanto Society, 1101 Oak street. Esperanto Club; Geo. F. Gillett, Care J. K. Armsby Co., San Francisco. COLORADO: Colorado Esperanto Asso- ciation; Mrs. Maude W. Miks, 2622 Gil- pin stre'et, Denver. CONNECTICUT: New Britain Esperanto Club; Rolland B. Moore, Box 700. CUBA: H. C. Henrickson, Empedrado, Ha- vana. DELAWARE: Clarence J. Conwell, 113 W. 30th Street, Wilmington. DISTRICT.OF COLUMBA: Washington Esperanto Society; Charles W. Stewart, 1211 Kenyon street, N. W. FLORIDA: Prof. U. G. Morrow, Estero. GEORGIA: Atlanta Esperanto Society; Mrs. Wm. Worth Martin, 570 Spring street. Emory Esperanto Club; Jack Dempsey, Emory College. Esperanto Society, Mercer University, Ma- con, Ga. Atlanta Esperantista Rondo, Mrs. Geo. D. Exley, 125 Park Avenue. IDAHO: Boise High School Club, Otoe Montandon, 818 Washington Street. ILLINOIS: Illinois Esperanto Associa- tion; Edwin C. Reed, Rockford. Chicago Esperanto Society; J. Howard Pearson, 551 South Waller street. Englewood Esperanto Club; Mrs. T. E. Powell, 6633 Wentworth avenue, Chicago. Elgin Esperanto Society; Joseph J. Burita, 114 Crighton avenue. Rockford Esperanto Society; Derwent Whittlesey, 1815 Elm street. University Esperanto Society; Lester Ries, 106 N. Romine street, Urbana. Liebniz Esperanto Club, Adolph Kroch, 26 Monroe street. INDIANA: Indiana Esperanto Association; Mrs. Winifred Sackville Stoner, Evans- ville. First Indiana Esperanto Society; Mrs. Wini- fred Sackville Stoner, Evansville. Juna Espero Esperanto Society; Miss Julia Bierbower, 610 Upper First street; Ev- ansville. Non Nobis Solum Esperanto Club; Miss Sadie Rucker, 1205 Chandler avenue, Evansville. Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 97 Indianapolis Esperanto Society; Miss Mary McEvoy, 210 East Ohio Street. Korespondanta Klubo, Marshall White, 224 Water Street, Evansville. Teachers' Club, Prof. Julius Stover, Evans- ville, Ind. Kuracila Klubo, Dr. W. L. Royster, Evans- ville, Ind. Terre Haute Esperanto Dub, J. Cliff Ander- son. La Felicha Klubo (Kindergarten), Winifred Sackville Stoner, Jr. L'Espero Klubo, Miss Mamie Lee, Erie. New Harmony Esperanto Club, Miss Anna B. Ford. IOWA: Des Moines Esperanto Club; Charles Gay, 24th street and Ingersoll avenue. Esperanto Club; E. Bilz, Iowa Hotel, Des Moines. Sioux City Esperanto Club; L. J. Belt, 1723 Fifth avenue. KANSAS: Kansas Esperanto Association; R. C. Voran, Pretty Prairie. State Agricultural College Esperanto Club; E. M. Lewis, 530 Humboldt street, Man- hattan. Lewis Esperanto Club; Dr. Elmer E. Haynes, Lewis. KENTUCKY: Wren J. Grinstcad, Rich- mond. LOUISIANA: Rev. S. G. Butcher, 2420 Ca- nal Street, New Orleans. MAINE: Portland Esperanto Society, Herbert Harris, "The Churchill," Port- land. L'Espero Esperanto Society; Mrs. A. D. Bird, 40 Camden street, Rockland. MARYLAND: Ernest B. Fiedler, 902 S. Charles Street, Baltimore. MASSACHUSETTS: Agricultural College Esperanto Club; E. Victor Bennett, 25 North College street, Amherst. Boston Esperanto Society; Edward K. Har- vey, Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology. Esperantaj Pioniroj; Wm. J. Graham, Perkins Institution, South Boston. Beverly Esperanto Club; Frank A. Foster, 12 Lenox street. Esperanto Study Club; Charles H. Morrill, 76 Merrimack street, Haverhill. Kantabrigia Esperanta Grupo; Mrs. Estelle M. H. Merrill, 45 Bellevue avenue, Cam- bridge, Mass. Harvard Esperanto Society; N. W. Frost, 32 Hollis Hall, Cambridge. Marsh Esperanto Club; F. W. Woolway, 77 Union street, Newton Center. Worcester Esperanto Society; Herbert K. Cummings, Worcester Polytechnic In- stitute. Concord School Esperanto Club, Thos. R. Herbert. La Verda Stelo, Miss Marie Heddermon, 111 M Street, South Boston. North Brookfield Esperanto Club, Miss Achsah L. Witter. MEXICO: A. Morin, l'a Aduana No. 4, City of Mexico. MICHIGAN: Rev. G. Davis, St. Ignace. MINNESOTA: Winona Esperanto Club; Thos. B. Hill, 309 East Fifth street. MINNESOTA: St. Paul Esperanto Club, E. J. McKinney, 405 Charles Street.' MISSISSIPPI: Capt. W. Beeson, Male Col- lege, Meridian. MISSOURI: St. Joseph Esperanto Club; Mrs. Josephine Riley, 807 North 22nd street. MONTANA: Good Templars' Esperanto Club; Harry C- Walsh, care M. M. Co. NEBRASKA: First Nebraska Esperanto Club; Mrs. E. A. Russell, Ord. Nebraska City Esperanto Club; J. T. Morey. NEVADA: Searchlight Esperanto Club; Dr. E. W. Newell, Searchlight. NEW HAMPSHIRE: Miss Grace L. Hub- bard, 61 Center Street, Concord. NEW JERSEY: Hammonton Esperanto. Club; Miss Laura K. Seguine. NEW MEXICO: Esperanto Club; Miss Alice D. Blake, Trementina. NEW YORK: Auburn Esperanto Society; Clarence F. Welsh, Recorder's Office. New York Esperanto Club; Andrew Kan- gas, 1061 Prospect avenue. Brooklyn Esperanto Society; Durbin Van Vleck, 154 Hancock street. Zamenhof Esperanto Club; Fno. Elsie Briet- enfeld, 221 East 68th street. OHIO: Columbus Esperanto Society; Miss Carrie Southard, 1432 Highland avenue. Esperanto Club of Ohio State University; Charles W. Park, Columbus. Cincinnati Esperanto Society; Grover Peacock, 3449 Wilson avenue, Avondale, Cincinnati. Toledo Esperanto Club; H. S. Blaine, Box 999. Perrysville Esperanto Club; L. S. Van Gilder. Edmond Privat Esperanto Club, J. E. Heidet, 337 Fourth Street, Toledo. NORTH CAROLINA: Jozef Jordan, Win- ston. NORTH DAKOTA: Geo. T. Larsen, Gril- Iand. OKLAHOMA: C. T. Barnes, Oklahoma City, Box 765. OREGON: McMinnville Esperanto Club; Arthur McPhillips. Rose Citv Esperanto Club, Chas. C. McDon- ald, 292 Weidler Street, Portland. PENNSYLVANIA: Philadelphia Espe-- anto Society; E. Give Hammond, 1711 Summer street. Warren Esperanto Club; W. L. MacGowan. Esperanto Club of Pittsburg; K. C. Kerr, 1100 Allegheny avenue. Pittsburg Esperanto Society; Miss L Sanford. Digitized by Google 98 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Grove City Esperanto Club, Arthur Hewlett. RHODE ISLAND: Providence Esperanto Group; Frederick E. Cooper, 11 Hayes street. SOUTH CAROLINA: Truman J. Pickens, Easlcy. SOUTH DAKOTA: De Smet Esperanto Club, Vincent M. Sherwood, De Smet. TENNESSEE: Rufus W. Powell. Westel. TEXAS: Dr. E. D. Chase, 2020 Market Street. UTAH: Peter J. Holt, 175 W. First Street, North, Salt Lake City. VERMONT: Rev. C. H. Rowley, North Craftsbury. VIRGINIA: Jamestown Esperanto Club; Leo. V. Judson, 101 Wood street, Nor- folk. WASHINGTON: Seattle Esperanto So- ciety; Wm. G. Adams, 309 South 27th avenue. Esperanto Club; Miss Georgia Melville, Pacific Seminary, Olympia. Societo Esperanta de Spokane; R. Kerk- hoven care Inland Printing Co. Tacoma Esperanto Society, J. L. Wood, care Acorn Printing Co. WEST VIRGINIA: Wheeling Esperanto Club; Geo. B. Wilson, Care National Bank of West Virginia. Shepherd College Esperanto Society, Prof. Carl W. Littler, Shepherdstown, W. Va. WISCONSIN: Esperanto Club, Menominee Falls, Wis. WYOMING: Capt. H. G. Nickerson, Lan- der. CANADA. ALBERTA: Carstairs Esperanto Club, Miss L. A. Whidden, Box 103, Carstairs. BRITISH COLUMBIA: Miss Emily H. At- kinson, Revelstoke. MANITOBA: Marshall Crossland, Ste. Amelie. QUEBEC: Grand Mere Esperanto Club, El- wood Wilson, Grand Mere. ONTARIO: Toronto Esperanto Club: Max A. Frind, 133 Yorkville Avenue. NEW BRUNSWICK: Dr. J. Baxter, Water Street, Chatham. SASKATCHEWAN: Esperanto Club, Chas W. Noddings, File Hills P. O., via Bal- carres. NOVA SCOTIA: E. S. Harrington, Kent ville. YUKON: Chas. E. Sanduuist, Dominion. NEWS OF THE LOCAL CLUBS COLUMBUS, OHIO. The State University Esperanto Club has elected Miss Emma Rower as its secretary to succeed Mr. Park, who has gone to the University of Cincinnati. Prof. Viles, who recently resigned from the faculty of the school, will spend two years in the Latin countries of Eu- rope studying their languages. DES MOINES, IOWA. The Des Moines Esperanto Club, taught by R: B. Stone, meets once each week. The study of Esper- anto was taken up about three months ago. Lively interest is manifested by members of the club. The class has adopted the American Esperanto Book as the text. In addition to that, does considerable supplementary work. We have nineteen enrolled. E. Bih, Secretary. MOUNDSVILLE, W. VA. From August 1 to 9. at the Mounds- ville Chautauqua, Mrs. Stoner, of Ev- ansvillc, Indiana, will teach an Esper- anto class each morning. Three after- noon lectures will also be delivered by Mrs. Stoner. Every Esperantist in the state is urged to be present. PORTLAND, OREGON. The secretary of the Rose City Esper- anto Club, Chas. J. McDonald, has just been elected a member of the Oregon legislature. He takes office next Janu- ary, and will introduce some legislation looking to the promotion of the interna- tional .language in that state. FILE HILLS, SASKATCHEWAN. The club at this place is reported closed for the summer after an inter- esting season's work, with constant in- crease of membership. Mr. Noddings, the secretary, whose full address may he found in the Club Directory, has vol- unteered to register and correspond with all Saskatehekan Esperantists, and we earnestly request every one of our readers in the province to write to him for the purpose of forming an associa- tion. Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 99 SIOUX CITY, IOWA. The Sioux City Esperanto Club has been holding weekly classes. The be- ginners use the text book, the advanced class reads Krestomatio and talks on sub- jects suggested by the president. In the summer the meetings are held every two weeks. The club is preparing an outing in which only Esperanto will be spoken, under some penalty—one of those being suggested being the enforced pronunciation (100 times) of malestim- indulegaeo. "So far," writes M. C. Mc- Conkey, president of the club, "we have aimed at a good foundation rather than spreading our influence, but next fall we will have enough proficient mem- bers to begin a good campaign." FONTANELLE, IOWA. An Esperanto club of fourteen members was founded at th.o place not long ago by Mrs. A. H. Mc- Dermid, who has also given lectures on Esperanto at neighboring towns. This enthusiastic esperantistino will dis- tribute "Elements of Esperanto" at the teachers' summer school in the same county and give them a talk on the com- parative advantages of the language. PENNSYLVANIA ESPERANTO ASSOCIATION. This Association was formed in May, the first meeting to be held on the 16th, in Pittsburg. It was decided to draw up a set of By-Laws for the Association, secure a charter from the State Courts, elect offi- cers and enter upon the work of build- ing up a membership, composed of so- cieties and individuals, at once. The organizers, being located within easy reach of each other, were to form a majority of the General Council during the formative period, so that the many details might be worked out with as lit- tle delay as possible. They provided in the by-laws that the first annual meet- ing of the Association should be held in the second week of October, this year, by which time it was hoped the organi- zation would be completed and the As- sociation ready to elect officers on a more geographically equitable basis. Prom the first the organizers met with the most hearty responses to their over- tures from the Philadelphia Esperantists Messrs. Ward Nichols, A. M. Grillon and others assisting them in many ways. Af- ter several meetings were held the by- laws were adopted and under them the following officers were elected: President, Prof. W. B. Sterrett, Washington; Vice-Presidents, J. U. Hailman, Pittsburg, Prof. A. M. Grillon, Philadelphia; Corresponding Secretary, Kenneth C. Kerr, Pittsburg; Recording Secretary, John M. Clifford, Pittsburg; Treasurer, John P. Bell, Pittsburg; Directors: Ward Nichols, Miss Alice P. Ervin, Philadelphia; James McKirdy, II. W. Fisher, Pittsburg; Dr. Andrew Graydon, Homestead. On Wednesday, July 22nd, at 10 o'clock in the morning, a meeting of the Pennsylvania Esperantists will be held in Chautauqua Assembly Grounds under the auspices of the Association. A program is being arranged which will include addresses by several prominent Esperantists, of Pennsylvania and elsewhere. About the middle of June invitations were sent out by the Secretary to over five hundred societies and individuals in the State and from the responses re- ceived at the time of the writing of this article, a week or so later, there is ev- eiy reason to expect that Pennsylvania, though last to join the ranks of the or- ganized States, will not be the least. STORM LAKE, IOWA. Prof. George Pracker, A. M., D. D., and one of the active Esperantists of Iowa, has just organized a club of twenty members in Buena Vista Col- lege, at Storm Lake. Prof. Fracker is president and Miss Maude Hawkins, of Hull, Iowa, is the secretary. Prof. Pracker will attend the Chatauqua Con- gress as the representative of the club. A recent issue of the college paper, "The Tack," contains an interesting re- view of the international language ques- tion. Digitized by Google E T I K O J A. KOFMAN Reproduktita el The Rritish Esftranlist EN LA KVALITO de konstanta medicinisto de Sidor KarpoviC mi vizitis lin por sciiĝi lian sanecon. Sidor KarpoviC, komercisto de virinaj kaj infanaj manteloj, jakoj, "sakoj," jupoj kaj de aliaj objektoj de tiuCi speco, marfiis largapaSe en la ĉambro, kaj tio Ĉi estis malbona signo. Kaj mi divenis la kaŭzon. Tio Ci estis vera malfeliCo. La edzo de lia fratino, liabofrato, ankaŭ komercisto de virinaj kaj infanaj man- teloj, jakoj, "sakoj" jupoj kaj de aliaj objektoj de tiu Ci speco, subite mortis. Certe, tio Ĉi ankaŭ estis granda mal- feliĉo, sed ne pro tiu ĉi malfeliCo Sidor KarpoviC Cagreniĝis. . Lia bofrato mortis, lasinte vidvinon kun kvar malgrandaj infanoj, unu pli malgranda ol la alia. Antaŭ la katas- trofo la edzo zorgis la komercon, la edzino la mastrumon kaj la infanojn. Nun la edzino devos preni la profesion de la edzo dum la malfeliĉaj orfoj restos izolaj. Tiel la orfoj per unu fojo perdis ne sole la patron, sed ankaŭ la patrinon, kiu nun ne havis la tempon por zorgi ilin. Certe, tio 6i ankaŭ estis granda mal- feliĉo, sed ne pro till ĉi malfeliĉo Sidor KarpoviC nun Ĉagreniĝis. Apenaŭ la bofrato de Sidor KarpoviC mortis, apenaŭ liaj efemeraj restajoj, parolante noblastile, forlasis la valon de la ploro, la kreditoroj de la mortinto Cirkaŭis la vidvinon kiel vulturoj kadav- ron kaj postulis de Si la pagon de la Ŝuldoj. Hi ne kredis la aferlertecon de la vidvino kaj timis por sia mono. Al la virino minacis bankroto kaj malho- noro. Sendube tio Ci ankaŭ estis granda, tre granda malfeliCo, sed mi denove devas ĝin diri, ne pro tiu Ci malfeliCo Sidos KarpoviC nun Cagreniĝis. La afero estis alia, car la bedaŭrinda vidvino ne estis ĵusnaskito, Si sukcesis la tagon mem de la katastrofo kaSi en tre bona loko tri kvaronojn de la kom- ercaĵoj. Tial, kiam la kreditoroj venis minacante aresti la magazenon, Si kom- ence ekploris por veki en ili kunsenton kaj simpation kaj prezentis al ili pitoreske sian teruran situacion ; sed Car la kred- itoroj, post konvena kondolenca esprimo, precize klarigis al Si, ke simpatio kaj mono ' ne veturas en sama kaleSo," Si revenis al la prudento kaj diris pli trank- vile: "Vi uzas mian malfeliĉon por premi min, kaj tio Ci estas kruela. Cetere, se vi insistas, mi estas preta pagi ... 40 kopekojn por rublo." "Kvardek procentoj ? Vi Sercas ! " ili kriis. La vidvino estis tre serioza, pli serioza ol Ciam. Si Lite ne Sercis. Cu oni povas Serci, Jus enteriginte la edzon ? Tial la komercistoj same serioze respon- dis, ke ili volas ricevi plene la Suldojn aŭ ili arestos la komercajojn. "Tio Ci estas via kruela rajto ! " diris la vidvino malgoje. Kaj Si mem kon- dukis ilin en la magazenon. La komercistoj, homoj de granda sperto, tuj komprenis la aferon, Ili ek- Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 101 semis grandan konfuzon, poste provis veki en la koro de la vidvino senton de honto, dirante ke Si riskas malhonori la honestan nomon de sia feliCega edzo, k.t.p. Sed la vidvino, dirinte, ke Sia edzo mortis, aldonis fingromontrante sin mem: "Vivanta hundo estas pli zorginda ol mortinta leono." La komercistoj komprenis, koleris kaj minacis akuzi Sin je friponeco kaj anonci Sin falsa bankrotinto. Tiam la vidvino diris kun larmoj en la okuloj: "Se vi akuzos min, kaj mi estos ares- tita, vi unue ne ricevos eC kvaronon de la Suldo, kaj due vi devos pagi por mia nutro, por mia logo en la arestejo kaj la vivsubteno de miaj infanoj. Sed re- memoru, ke mi ne kondukis la aferon, kaj nur mia feliCega edzo povas esti kul- pigata je friponeco. ĉu mi devas re- spondi por li ? Tamen, se vi volas akordiĝi, se vi pace aranĝiĝos kun mi. . . tiam mi pagos 50 procentoj. Tio estas mia lasta vorto, Car pli mi ne povas doni. Nun agu kiel vi volas. Plendu al la tribunalo kaj faru elspezojn, se vi volas peki kontraŭ Dio." La kreditoroj foriris kaj faris konsilon inter si. En la fino de la finoj ili kon- fesis ke la vidvino estis propradire tre lerta komercistino, kiu saĝe utiligis la feliCan okazon de la malfeliCa morto por dikigi al si la poSon. Kiu estas mal- amiko de si mem ? 50 procentoj sub tia cirkonstanco, kiam Si povus pagi nur 40 kopekojn aŭ eC malpli, estas konsider- inda sumo, por kiu, se oni metos la manon sur la konsciencon, oni devas eĉ danki. Tial la kreditoroj revenis al la vidvino kaj anoncis al Si sian konsenton. Ili prezentis al Si la kambiojn, la kontojn, la memorandojn kaj aliajn dokumentojn por ricevi 50 procentoj de la Suldataj sumoj. La vidvino elpensigis kaj diris : 'Mi tre dankos vin por via helpo, amikoj. Sed vi ne estas la solaj kred- itoroj de mia feliCega edzo. Estas ankoraŭ aliaj. Estas Kilin, Jukin, Sed- lov, Bannikov, Decki. Kunvenigu Ciujn, kaj se ili konsentos ricevi la saman porcion, mi pagos al vi per unu fojo, kaj vi defariĝos per unu ekbato." "Al kio ni zorgos pri aliaj ? " diris la komercistoj. "Kaj se ili ne konsentos ? Se ili volos la plenan sumon ? Ni povas decidi nur por ni." "Miaj amikoj! " klarigis la vidvino. "Cu vi volas min ankoraŭ pli malfeliCigi ? Mi pensas ke mi estas sufiCe malfeliCa, perdinte tianedzon ..." Kaj la vidvino ekploris. "Sed kion vi volas ? " demandis mire la komercistoj. "Cu ni'estas sorCistoj ? Cu ni povas devigi fremdajn homojn konsenti al nia akordo, se ili ne volos ? Virino, kion vi enmetis en vian kapon ?." "Pardonu, miaj sinjoroj, Cu vi ne komprenas ke la solidareco estas la animo de Ciu afero ? Pripensu unu mo- menton ! Jen vi venas kaj konsentas ricevi duonon de la Suldo de mia feliCega edzo. Bonega ! Vi ricevas la sumon. Sed post vi restas ankoraŭ aliaj kred- itoroj. Ili certe postulos rublon por rublo. Ili rezonos : Jen la vidvino lib- eriĝis de la pli granda parto de la Suldo, kaj nun Si havas por pagi kompare mal- multe. Tial ni persekutu Sin kaj puŝu Sin en senelirejon. La komercistoj interrigardis sin. "ŝi estas prava ! Diable prava virino ! " ekkriis unu el ili. La aliaj aprobe balancis la kapojn. "Tial mi permesas al mi doni al vi konsilon," daŭrigis la vidvino, modeste mallevante la okulojn. "Elektu inter vi homon honestan, kiun vi plej konfidas. Ke tiu Ci homo kolektu Ciujn kreditorojn laŭ la registro, kiun mi donos al vi. Digitized by Google 102 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Kiam li estos ricevinta en siajn manojn Ciujn kambiojn kaj kontojn, li venu al mi, kaj ni ambaŭ arangos la aferon laii nia farita decido—por 50 procentoj." La komercistoj konsentis kaj foriris. Ili elektis inter si Ivan KostiC, mian kuzon. Li estis homo energia kaj sam- tempe kreditoro de la mortinto, kiu fiul- dis al li 8,000 rublojn. Post intertempo de semajno li kolektis Ciujn dokumen- tojn kaj venis al la vidvino. Kaj nun okazis cirkonstanco, kiu klar- igas la koleron de Sro. KarpoviC. La vidvino ekzamenis la dokumentojn kaj trovis ilin en ordo. Mankisnurla kam- bio de 8,000 rubloj de mia kuzo. . "Kaj la kambio apartenanta al vi, sinjoro, kie ĝi estas ?" demandis la vidvino. "Sinjorino," diris mia kuzo kun mieno de senkulpa Safo, "Vi scias ke la pag- dato de tiu Ci kambio venos nur post tri monatoj. car mi bezonis monon, mi gin diskontis, la diskontisto gin rediskontis, la kambio transiris kelkajn manojn, kaj nun mi ne scias, en kiu urbo gi estas." "Kion do ni faros ? " "Se vi fidas mian promeson, mi Juras al vi, ke kiam, en la pagdato, la kambio revenos, mi elaCetos gin kaj mi ĝin re- donos al vi por 4,000 rubloj laŭ la agordo. Sevi estas nekredema, mi estas preta subskribi al vi la promeson, ke mi devas ĝin redoni al vi por tiu Ci duona sumo." "Ne, sinjoro 1 Mi preferas, ke vi sub- skribu al mi ricevon de 4,000 rubloj je 1' konto de la kambio. Tiam per si mem rezultos ke mi Ŝuldas al vi la duan duonon." "Pardonu, sinjorino, tion Ci mi ne faros !" "Kial do ? ĉu ne estas al vi egale ? " "Ne 1 Se mi subskribos tiun Ci ricevon kaj poste mi efektive ricevos de vi 4,000 rublojn, tiam mi povos fanfaroni, ke vi pagis al mi plene, kaj miaj konfidintoj diros, ke mi trompis ilin, ke mi konsilis al ili kontenti je 50 procentoj dum mi mem ricevis 100." "Sed mi diros al ili la veron." ' 'Sed se ili ne kredos vin ? Ne 1 Mi konsentas oferi 4,000 rublojn, sed mi ne' volas perdi mian komercistan honoron." La vidvino enpensigis. Si suspektis embuskon. La tuta Suldo estis Cirkaŭ 60,000 rubloj; sekve la operacio metas en Ŝian poSon 30,000 da pura pronto. La tuta demando estas, Cu Si perdos el tiu Ci sumo 4,000, se la sinjoro trompos Sin. Prokrasti la tutan aferon por atendi la pagdaton de la kambio estis neeble. Unue la kreditoroj volas la monon tuj, minacante tiri Sin al la jugejo. Sed pro- ceso estas malbona afero, graveda je neatendajoj. Due, dum la tuta tempo de la proceso Sia komerco estos neebla, la komercaĵoj difektiĝos en la tenejo kaj farigos ekster-modaj. Fine elspezoj, tuta perdo de la kredito . . . Ne 1 Si devas konsenti. De alia flanko, sub- skribita promeso preni duonon por la tuto ne havas forton antaŭ la tribunalo . . Tial la vidvino diris: "Bone! Mi scias, Sinjoro KostiC, ke vi estas honesta homo, kiu ne volos ek- spluati malfeliĉan vidvinon kaj la orfojn de la mortinto, kiu vin amis. Mi volas nenian subskribitan promeson. Via vorto estas por mi pli forthavanta ol fero kaj stalo." Tiel la vidvino ricevis la subskribitajn de la edzo dokumentojn je la sumo de 52,000 kaj pagis 26,000 kontante. La kreditoroj estis tre kontentaj, kaj mia kuzo ricevis de ili rekompencon de 2,600 rubloj. Post tri monatoj li prezentis al la vid- vino la kambion kaj postulis la plenan sumon. La vidvino indignis, kriis, ploris, sed nenio helpis, Car la kuzo minacis per proceso. Digitized by Google AMEfciRA EŜPERAMTIŜTO i63 Tiam la vidvino dentogrincante kaj in- sultante devis pagi. Oni ne povas bank- roti je 8,000, kaj Ciun trimonaton oni ne povas bankroti ankaŭ. Nun oni komprenas, kial Sidor Kar- poviC, komercisto de virinaj kaj infanaj manteloj, jakoj, "sakoj" kaj de aliaj objektoj de tiu Ci speco, marSis kolere en sia Cambro kaj insultis mian kuzon plej indigne. "Sed, Sidor KarpoviC," mi rimarkis, "propradire mi ne komprenas la kaŭzon de via kolero. En la fino de finoj mia kuzo ricevis nur sian propran monon." "Kaj lia promeso ? Lia promeso de honesta komercisto preni nur duorion ?" "Jes, lia promeso . . Sed kial kaj kiel li promesis ? Oni minacis, ke li, en kontraŭa okazo, ne ricevos eCkvaronon. Pardonu min por la ekzemplo, sed se mi iras en arbaro kaj oni kaptas min por tranCi al mi la gorĝon, kaj mi, por min elaCeti, Juras pagi diĥnitan sumon, Cu mi efektive devas pagi ? " "Jen ekzemplo!" sarkasme ridis Sidor KarpoviC. "Kompari rabiston kun komercisto ! " "Tute ne ! Mi ne volas diri ke kom- ercisto estas rabisto. Sed du diversaj homaj povas fan' similan aferon. En unu okazo oni diris: monon aŭ mi prenas perforte la vivon ! kaj en la dua: duonon aŭ mi prenas perforte la tuton ! En ambaŭ okazoj estas tre nature ne plenumi ĝin, se oni povas." "Vi parolas tiel. Car vi ne komprenas la komerciston vivon." "Mi ne estas komercisto, Sidor Kar- poviC, sed mi pensas, ke la parolato estas simpla Ciutagaĵo, ne speciale kom- ercista afero. Cetere, mi ekzamenos ĝin de komercista vidpunkto. Via bofrato subskribis kambion, t.e. faris skribitan promeson pagi. Bone I Mia kuzo faris buSan promeson cedi al via fratino du- onon de tiu Suldo. Bone ! Sed via bofrato aŭ lia heredinto ne volis plenumi la skribitan promeson. Kiel do vi povas postuli ke alia plenumu ĝin ? Se la unua estas honesta homo, kial la dua estos fripono pro la sama konduto, pre- cipe se la promeso pri la donaco ne estis propravola ? Mi povas montri al vi, ke al mia kuzo estis tre facile ricevi ne sole siajn 8,000 rublojn, sed ankoraŭpli." Li efektive ricevis pli. Oni pagis al li 10 procentoj da rekompenco." "Ne! Li povis ricevi ankoraŭ alian monon." "Kiel do?" Kio malhelpus al li deteni ankoraŭ fremdan kambion de kelkaj mil rubloj, pagi el sia propra poSo la kondiCitan duonon kaj poste postuli de via fratino la tuton ? " "Tio Ci estus ankoraŭ pli granda fri- poneco. Sed vi ne povas kompreni ĝin. Vi ne estas komercisto. Vi ne havas la komercistan etikon." "Komercista etiko ? Kio ĝi estas ? " Jen 1 Vi eC ne aŭdis pri tiu Ci besto ? " diris Sidor KarpoviC sarkasme. "Laŭ la komercista etiko buSpromeso superas kambion kaj Cion skribitan. Se vi pro- mesas al mi buŝe, vi devas plenumi la promesiton, Car mi ne povas vin devigi per forto fari gin, ĝuste pro la manko de via subskribo. Tial unufoja rompo de bufipromeso faras vin nekredinda por Ciam. Kambio estas afero tute alia : se vi ne pagas, mi povas vin devigi per la tribunalo fari gin." 'Jes!" diris mi ridante. "Same kiel oni devigis-pagi vian fratinon ! Jen kio estas via komercista etiko ! " Mia fratino? Vi pensas, ke se mia fratino pagis 50 procentojn, oni kalkulas Sin malhonesta komercistino ? " Vi parolas malprecize, Sidor Kar- poviC ! Si estas nur duon-malhonesta komercistino, Car unu duonon Si pagis." Mia kunparolanto ridis. Digitized by Google 104 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO "Mi jam diris, ke vi nenion komprenas en nia komercista etiko. Duonbankroto ne estas malhonestaĵo. Montru al mi komercistojn, kiuj neniam bankrotis 1 Vi trovos nur maloftajn unuojn, Car Ciuj aliaj bankrotis du, tri, kvar kaj pli da fojoj. Multaj bankrotas tre regule, kiel se ili havus bankrotfebron. Kaj oni ne plendas. Unu bankrotas al alia, la alia al tria, detala komercisto al maldetalisto, maldetalisto al centra liveristo aŭ fabrik- isto, fabrikisto al siaj kreditoroj, La homoj estas ligitaj per solidara bank- rotado. Unu mano lavas la alian, kaj ambaŭ estas . . . "malpuraj ! " mi finis. "Ne ! Puraj! Propradire estas tute egale, Cu oni pagas unu al alia la plenan sumon aŭ nur duonon. EC la regnoj konfesas tiun Ĉi principon en siaj inter- rilatoj, Car tio estas la bazo de la Un- iversala PoŜta Unuiĝo." "Sed estas ja komercistoj, kiuj ne bankrotas. Se duonbankroto ne estas malhonestajo, kiel vi nomos la konduton de komercisto Ĉiam paganta ? " "Mi nomos ĝin lukso. Ciu barono havas sian fantazion, kiu ne estas deviga por la meza sana homo. Devigaj estas nur la neskribitaj leĝoj, la komercista tradicio, la komercista e'tiko, kaj Ĉiu, kiu rompas ilin, estas fripono." "Tiu etiko estas kimero, kiu ne ek- zistas. Ne estas komercista etiko. Estas homa etiko, homa ĝojo, homa nazkataro. Kaj se iu parolos al mi pri botista etiko, pri tombista ftizo, pri librotenista naz- kataro, pri kandelista ĝojo, mi ridos rekte al lia vizaĝo." Sidor Karpoviĉ fikse rigardis min kaj demandis : "ĉu vi efektive farus ĝin ? " "Certe mi farus ĝin ! Kial vi inin rigardas tiamaniere ? " "Mi esperas, ke vi estas medicinisto, vera medicinisto ? " "Kia stranga demando ! " "Prezentu al vi, ke malsanulo vizitas vin. Tiu Ci malsanulo estas ftizulo, kankrulo, degeneranto, mallonge, homo danĝera por sia intima apudulo. Ni supozu, ke li havas fianĉinon kaj pretiĝas edziĝi. ĉu vi avertus la fianĉinon aŭ Siajn gepatrojn pri la danĝero ? " "Hm . . tio Ci estas malpermesata. . . Sed mi povas averti la malsanulon mem." "Kaj se la malsanulo estos obstina kaj volos edziĝi ? Kio ? Vi silentas ? Jes certe vi silentos ! . . . Aŭ ni prenu alian ekzemplon. Mi, viapaciento, Cesas konfidi vin kaj invitas alian mediciniston por kontroli vin, sed sen via alesto kaj scio, Car mi timas ke via samprofesiano ne volos fari al vi honton kaj nomi vin fuŝisto. Se la nova medicinisto sciiĝus, ke mi havas alian kuraciston, kiun mi volas kontroli, Ĉu li volus helpi al mi ? Kio ? Vi denove silentas ? Sed tamen en aliaj cirkonstancoj oni havas la rajton kontroli, kaj estas tre multaj kontrolistoj en bankaferoj, en fabrikejoj, en konstru- ado, en fervojoj, en terkulturado kaj en aliaj profesioj. Ĉu mono, domo, vagono, rikolto estas pli grava al mi, ol mia sano, mia vivo ? Kial do vi medicinistoj ne permesas al mi savi Ciurimede per kontrolo tion, kiu laŭ mia opinio, eble falsa, sed tamen laŭ mia firma opinio estas la plej kara al mi ? Jes 1 Vi med- icinistoj havas medicinan etikon, kiu malpermesas al la kuracistoj malsekretigi la malsanojn, eĉ kiam ili estas venenaj, aŭ kontroli vian kuracon. Jes, Ciuj pro- fesioj kaj metioj havas diversajn etikojn, kaj ne sole diversajn etikojn, sed eC diversajn religiojn." "Kion vi diras ? " "Tute simple I ĉu vi ne aŭdis, kiel butikisto ĵuras per Ciuj sanktuloj, ke la prezo anoncata de li al la aĉetanto estas la plej malalta, ke ĝi estas lia propra kosto, ke li donas la komercaĵon tiel Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 105 malkare, Car . . nu, Car li hodiaŭ nenion vendis, aŭ Car ĝi estas la lasta restaĵo, aŭ Car vi mem plaĉas al li, k.t.p. ? . . . Vi gin certe aŭdis centfoje ? " "Tio Ci estas simpla malpiajo aŭ mal- saĝaĵo de butikisto." "Novaerarol La butikistoj estas nek malpiuloj nek malsaguloj. Por povi ion gajni kaj decidigi la aCetanton, ili faras escepton en la apliko de Juroj, kiuj kon- sideriĝas kiel nulvalorantaj ekskluzive en la afero de ilia speciala profesio. En Ciuj aliaj regionoj la butikistoj estas piaj homoj, fervore pregas en la temploj, lernigas al siaj infanoj la religion, la komunan religion de la Kristanoj, ne la specialan de butikistoj." "ĉu ne ekzistas ankaŭ specialaj polit- ikaj ekonomioj, kontraŭaj al la gen- erala ?" mi demandis por kaŝi la embarason. "Kialne? Por privata homo Ciu mono estas kapitalo. Se kartludisto gajnas, li grandigas sian kapitalon ; se li perdas, li malgrandigas gin. Sed de la vidpunkto de la regno, tio estas nek grandigo nek malgrandigo de la kapitalo, sed nur simpla transigo de mono el unu poŝo en alian. Same ekzistas Ŝtelista politika ekonomio, Stelista etiko, Stelista punkto de honoro, Stelista tradicio, k.t.p." Mi silentis de konfuzo. En mia koro kreskis suferanta sento, kiu baldaa akre difinigis. Tio Ci estis teruro. Efektive, la homaj interesoj estas tiel dividitaj, tiel kontraŭaj unu al alia, ke la bono, moraleco, pieco.de unuj estas malbono, malmoraleco por aliaj. La feliCo de unuj baziĝas sur la malfeliCo de aliaj. Ne estas homa etiko: estas etiko de medicinistoj, de Suistoj. Ne estas homa politika ekonomio: estas politika ek- onomio de agristoj vilaganoj, de iabor- istoj, de fabrikistoj. La bela granda or-monero Sangigis je rustantaj kupraj moneraCoj, makulantaj la manojn de tiuj, kiuj ilin uzas. Mi estis tiel konsternita, ke mi forgesis, ke mi estas inteligenta homo kun universitata diplomo kaj ke Sidor KarpoviC estas malklera komerc- istaCo, kaj mi diris : ' 'Mi dankas vin por la leciono, Sidor KarpoviC 1 Sed diru, kion oni devas fari por kunigi Ciujn tiujn etikojn en unu homa etiko, Ciujn profesiajn politikajn ekonomiojn en unu homa politika ekono- mio, k. t. p.?" Sidor KarpoviC atente rigardis min, fermis la malfermitajn fenestrojn kaj diris mallaŭte: "Lasu tiujn Ci senutilajn demandojn ! En Rusujo tio Ci estas dangera temo." EL "TUTMONDA ANEKDOTARO" En la Lernejo Diris instruisto dum la gramatika instruo: "Ni nun volas formi frazojn knn per- sonaj pronomoj: mi, vi, Si, li, k. t. p. Se ekzemple la patro dirus 'Mi foriras,' kionrespondus tiam la patrino al patro?" Lernanto: "Vi restos hejme." Nova Bubeto Patrino: "Sed bubeto, jam denove vi batiĝadis kun Pepito, kaj kia nun estas via eksteraĵo! Jam ree mi bezonos aCeti por vi novan vestaĵon." Fileto: "Ho! Vi do nur vidu Pepi- ton ! Lia patrino bezonos tute novan bubeton." Digitized by Google THE BEGINNER AND HIS TROUBLES "I am overwhelmed with amazement that you do not have more of the depart- ment 'The beginner and.his troubles' in the journal. I am quite sure it would be acceptable to ninety per cent of your readers," writes M. E. Collins. That sometimes surprises us, too. But it never overwhelms us with amaze- ment, for when one comes down to that page he ardently wonders what to put in it and what to leave out. Just to please Mr. Collins and the rest of the ninety per cent we seize the first sentence of the last manuscript received, evidently from a beginner: Jen estis unufoje homo, kiu lokis siajn retakaptilojn. Here is a sentence grammatically above reproach. It is excellent English, too : There was once a man who had set his snares. This is the trouble of the beginner, the advanced student and even the ex- pert—thinking in the mother-tongue, especially when translating. Jen means behold, and while not neces- sarily emphatic it usually applies to some occasion of surprise {look.'), some- thing to command attention, now. Used in this way, there has no reference to place, has really no meaning, being em- ployed to "limber up" the sentence. So estas alone is used, and not jen estas or tie estas. Unufoje means once, one "time," but it does not convey the evasive sense of once upon a time; it is mathematical, and the precedent of twice, thrice, etc. If you want the word for a wholly indefinite date, it is better to use iam. Homo means human being indefinitely, and viro a man. Loki for set or place traps, is not so good as aranĝi, or pretigi. The author of this translation writes good English, and probably reads Espe- ranto fluently. But he must read much' Esperanto literature before be can write good Esperanto. For example, the aver- age fourteen-year-old American has been using English thirteen years and can write a grammar school essay, but he has not learned to write matter which would look well in print. Don't try to write Esperanto for pub- lication while you are too young. Be glad that you can read, and do so—read, read, read. That for the beginner whose grammar is "perfectly good." For the beginner whose grammar is bad, we can only advise careful study of the text book. We have seen a post card written by a young lady who is supposed to have been an Esperantist for a year, in which she calmly says mi voli al fari for 7" wish to do. Why not, indeed ? The vocabulary says that wish is voli, to al, and do fari. She had studied the vocab- ulary, but not the grammar. ix Editor: I would ask your criticism on the following sentence : Vepu kaj la- boru (aŭ labori) en mia gardeno. I notice that many writers use the infinitive labori, but it strikes me that the imper- ative laboru should be used, as it has the same force as the imperative venu. Which would you regard as correct? — W. L. C. It is simply a matter of preference, either form being correct, though perhaps there is a shade of difference in mean- ing. In English, come and see me and come to see me are both correct, though probably the fanatics who strive toward the ever-shifting goal of "scholarly English" use the lattet form. Digitized by Google AMER1KA ESPERANTISTO 107 LA KUKUNJANA PAROHESTRO Esperantigita el la Franca laŭ A. Daudet de Benedict Papot La abato Martino estis paroĥestro de^Kukunjano. Tiel bona kiel la pano, tiel vera kiel la oro, li patre amis siajn Kukunjananojn: por li, lia Kukunjano jam estus paradizo sur la tero, se liaj Kukunjananoj al li donus iom pli da kontentigo. Sed, ho ve ! la araneoj Spinis en la konfesejo, kaj dum la bela paska tago restis la hostioj en la fundode la sankta kaliko. Tio vundis la koron de la bona pastro kaj li Ĉiam petis de Dio, kiel favoro, ke li ne mortu antaŭ ol li estos rekondukinta al la safejo sian disigitan aron. Nu, vi vidos, ke Dio lin aŭdis. DimanCon, post la diservo, supreniris Sinjoro Martino en la katedron. ■& lir tfr - Li diris: Miaj gefratoj, vi kredos min se vi volas, lastnokte mi trovis min, mi mizera pekulo, Ce la pordo de la paradizo. Mi frapis : Sankta Petro malfermis al mi. "Nu ! Estas vi, mia bona Sinjoro Martino," li diris al mi, "Kia bona vento alkondukas vin ? Kaj kion mi povas fari por vi ? " ' 'Bela Sankta Petro, vi, kiu tenas la Slosilojn de la par- adizo, Cu vi povus diri al mi, se mi ne estas tro sciema, kiom da Kukunjananoj vi havas en la paradizo ? " "Mi havas nenion, kion mi povas rifuzi al vi, Sinjoro Martino ; sidiĝu do, ni vidos la aferon kune." 39 Digitized by Google 108 AMER1KA ESPERANT1STO LA KUKUNJANA PAROHESTRO Kaj Sankta Petro prenis sian grandan libron, malfermis gin, surmetis siajn okulvitrojn : "Lasu nin vidi: Kukunjano, vi diris—Ku—Ku—Ku- kunjano. Tie ni estas I Kukunjano, Mia bona Sinjoro Martino, la pago estas tute ne skribita I Ne unu animo 1 Ne pli da Kukunjananoj ol fiŝostoj en meleagrino I " "Kiel 1 Neniu el Kukunjano Ci tie ? Neniu ? Ne estas eble ! Rigardu do pli bone!" "Neniu, sankta homo. Vidu mem, se vi kredas, ke mi Sercas." Mi, Dio mia, mi piedfrapis kaj kun manoj kunmetitaj mi kriegis por kompato. Tiam Sankta Petro diris : "Kredu min, Sinjoro Martino, vi ne devas tiamaniere malbonigi al vi mem la sangon, Car vi povus per tio havi apoplekcion. Post Cio, tio ne estas via peko. Viaj Ku- kunjananoj kredeble pasas iom da kvaranteno en la purga- torio." "Ha, per bonfarado, granda Sankta Petro 1 Farigu, ke mi povos ilin almenaŭ vidi kaj konsoli." "Volonte, mia amiko. Jen, piedvestu tiujn Ci sandalojn, Car la vojeto ne estas tre bone. Jen estas bone ! Nun voj- iru rekte antaŭen. ĉu vi vidas—tie,—malproksime—ĉe la turno ? Vi trovos tie argentan pordon tute kovritan per nigraj krucoj—dekstramane. Vi frapos, oni malfermos al vi. Bonan tagon. Restu sana kaj fortika." •& ft ft Kaj mi vojiris—mi vojiris I Kia vojirado 1 Miaj haroj starigas pripensante pri tio ! Malgranda vojeto, plenigita de dornarbetajoj, de karberoj kiuj lumadis kaj de serpentoj kiuj sibladis, alkondukis min al la arĝenta pordo. "Tok, tokl" "Kiu frapas ? " diris raŭka kaj plenda voĉd. 40 Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 109 BENEDICT PAPOT La paronestro de Kukunjano." "De—?" "De Kukunjano." "Hal Eniru." Mi eniris. Granda bela angelo, kun flugiloj tiel mal- helaj kiel la nokto, kun vesto tiel hela kiel la tago, kun Slosiloj el diamantoj pendantaj delazono, skribadis,—kra—■ kra— en granda libro, pli granda ol tiu de Sankta Petro. "Fine, kion vi volas kaj kion vi demandas ? " diris la anĝelo. "Bona anĝelo de Dio, mi volas scii—mi eble estas treege sciema—ĉu vi havas tie Ci la Kukunjananojn ? " "La—?" "La Kukunjananojn,—la anojn de Kukunjano,—tial ke, estas mi—kiu estas ilia paronestro." "Ha 1 La abato Martino, Ĉu ne ? " "Por servi al vi, Sinjoro anĝelo." it & Ŭ "Kukunjano, do, vi diras"—kaj la angelo malfermas kaj ekturnas la foliojn de sia granda libro, malsekigante sian fingron per kraĉaĵo por ke la folio glitu pli bone. "Kukunjano"—li diris kun longa ekgemo. "Sinjoro Martino, el Kukunjano en la purgatorio ni havas neniun." "Jesuo I Mario! Josefo I Neniu el Kukunjano en la purgatorio ? Ho 1 Granda Dio 1 Kie do estas ili ? " "Nu 1 sankta viro, ili estas en la paradizo. Kie, diable, vi volas, ke ili estu ? " "Sed mi venas ja de la paradizo—" 'Vi de tie venas 1 Nu ?" "Nu 1 ili ne estas tiel Hoi bona patrino de la an- geloj 1 " "Kion vi volas, Sinjoro paronestro ? Se ili ne estas en la paradizo nek en la purgatorio, ne ekzistas mezoloko, ili estas—" 4i Digitized by Google HO AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO LA KUKUNJANA PAROHESTRO "Sankta Kruco 1 Jesuo, filo de Davido 1 Hovel hovel ĉu estas eble ? Cu tio povas esti mensogo de la granda Sankta Petro ? Tamen la kokon mi ne aŭdis kanti 1 Ho ve ! Kiel mi iros en la paradizon, se miaj Kukunjananoj ne estas tie?" "Aŭskultu, mia malfeliĉa Sinjoro Martino, tial ke vi volas, Ciel ajn, esti certa pri tio Cio kaj vidi per viaj propraj okuloj kio estas, sekvu tiun Ĉi vojeton, kuru rapide, se vi scias tiel fari. Vi trovos maldekstre pordegon. Tie vi sciigos pri Cio. Dio donas tion al vi." Kaj la angelo fermis la pordon. & i* ft Estis longa vojeto tute pavimita per ruĝaj fajraj karboj. Mi ŝanceliĝis kvazaŭ mi estus drinkinta, mi faletis 1 mi estis tute malsekigita, Ciu haro de mia korpo havis gian guteton daŝvito, kaj mi spiregis de soifo. Sed kredu min, dank' al la sandaloj kiujn al mi pruntedonis la bona Sankta Petro, mi ne bruligis miajn piedojn. Kiam mi estis sufiĉe paŝinta, mi vidis, maldekstren, pordon—ne, pordegon—grandegan pordegon, kiu estis tute ncfermita, kiel la pordo de granda forno. Ho 1 infanoj miaj 1 Kia vidigo 1 Tie, oni ne demandas al mi mian nomon ; tie, ne ekzistas registrolibro. Per amasoj, plena- porde, oni eniras tien, miaj fratoj, kiel vi eniras, dimanCon, en la drinkejon. Mi Ŝvitegis, kaj tamen mi malvarmiĝis, mi frosttrem- iĝis. Miaj haroj starigis. Mi flaris la brulodoron, la rost- igitan karnon, ion kiel la odoron kiu disSutigas en nia Kun- kunjano, kiam Elio, la hufforgisto, bruligas, por bati gin, la hufon de maljuna azeno. Mi ne povas spiri en till Ci malbonodora kaj brula aero. Mi aŭdis terurajn kriojn, ek- gemegojn, blekegojn kaj blasfemojn. "Nu Ĉu ci eniras aŭ ne eniras ? " diris al mi kornport- 42 Digitized by VjOOQlC AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 111 BENEDICT PAPOT anta demono, min borante per sia forkego. Mi ? mi ne eniras. Mi estas amiko de Dio." "Ci estas amiko de Dio 1 Nu, malbenita favulo 1 kion ci venas fari tie ? '' "Mi venas—Ha! ne parolu al mi pri tio, Car mi ne povas pli stari—mi venas—mi venas el malproksime—mal- fiere—por demandi vin Cu—Cu—hazarde—vi havus tie Ci— iun—iun el Kukunjano ? " "Ha 1 fajro de Dio ! Ci diras malspritaĵojn kvazaŭ ci ne scias, ke estas tie la tuta Kukunjananaro 1 Vidu, mal- bela korvo, rigardu—kaj ci vidos kiel ni aranĝas ilin tie Ci, ciajn famajn Kukunjananojn 1 " •fr "fr •& Kaj mi vidis, meze de teruraflamturniĝo, Grandan-Kok- galinon,—vi Ciuj konis lin, miaj Iratoj,—Kokgalinon, kiu sin tiel ofte ebriigis, kaj tiel ofte skuis al sia malfeliCa edzino la pulojn (batis Sin). Mi vidis Katarinon,—la malgrandan malbonulinon—kun Sia suprenturnita nazo—kiu kugiĝis sole en la garbejo—vi tion rememoras, santaŭguloj ! Sed ni preterpasu, mi jam diris tro pri tio. Mi vidis Paskalon, la glufingrulon, kiu faris sian oleon el la olivoj de Sinjoro Juliano. Mi vidis Babeton, la postrekoltantinon, kiu, postrikol- tante, por fini pli rapide sian garbon,Cerpis plenmane el la garbejo. Mi vidis mastron Grapason, kiu tiel bone oleumis la radon de sia puŝveturilo. Kaj Dofinon, kiu vendis tiel kare la akvon el sia puto. Kaj Tordulon, kiu Ciufoje kiam li min renkontis dum mi portis la sanktan hostion, preterpasadis, kun la Capo sur la 43 Digitized by Google 112 AMER1KA ESPERANTISTO LA KUKUNJANA PAROHESTRO kapo kaj la pipo en la beko—tiel fiera kiel Artabo—kvazaŭ li renkontus hundon. Kaj Kulon kune kun lia Zetino, kaj Jakobon, kaj Petron, kaj Tonion— ir -k ft Kortulita, paligita de timo, ekĝemis la tuta aŭdantaro, tiu vidante en la malfermita infero sian patron aŭ sian pat- rinon, sian avon aŭ avinon. Daŭrigis la bona abato Martino: Vi bone sentas, miaj fratoj, vi bone sentas, ke tio Ci ne povas daŭri. Mi gardas viajn animojn, kaj mi volas, mi volas vin savi el la abismo al kiu vi estas ruliĝantaj kapon antaŭen. Morgan, mi eklaboros. Kaj laboro al mi ne mankos. Jen kiel mi faros : por ke ĉio fariĝu bone, oni devas fari Ĉion orde. Ni iros laŭvice, kiel fie Jonkjero dum la dancado. Morgaŭ, lundon, mi aŭdos konfese la maljunulojn kaj la maljunulinojn. Estas nenio. Mardon, la infanojn. Mi baldaŭ finos. Merkredon, la junulojn kaj la junulinojn. Tio eble daŭros. Jaŭdon, la virojn. Ni tranĉos tion mallonge. Vendredon, la virinojn. Mi diros : "Ne diru tromulte." Sabaton, la mueliston ! Tuta tago ne estas tro multe por li. Kaj se ni finiĝos dimanĉon, ni estos feliĉegaj. Vidu, miaj infanoj, kiam estas matura la greno oni devas rikolti ĝin. Kiam estas elverSita la vino, oni devas trinki 44 Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 113 BENEDICT PAPOT ĝin. Jen sufiĉe da malpura tolaĵo, oni devas lavi ĝin, kaj ĝin bone lavi. Tio estas la beno, kiun mi al vi deziras. Amen # ft -fr ■& •& Tiamaniere okazis Cio. Oni faris grandegan lavadon. De tiu Ĉi rememorinda dimanĉo oni Maris la bonodoron de la virto de Kukunjano de dek mejloj Ĉirkaŭe. Kaj la bona feliĉa pastro, Sinjoro Martino, sonĝis pos- tan nokton, ke, sekvate de sia tuta aro, li supreniras, procesie, meze de ekbruligitaj kandelegoj, de nubo de bon- odorfumo kaj de kantantaj horknaboj, la luman vojon al la Urbo de Dio. Kaj jen, la rakonto pri la Kukunjana paroĥestro, kiel ordonis, ke mi rakontu ĝin al vi, tiu Ci malbonegulo Ro- manilo, kiu estis mem alia bona fratulo. Digitized by Google LA INVITANTINO W. J. PHOEBUS KELKAJN jarcentojn en la estin- teco unu greka marmoristo, Sro. Pigmalion, elhakis sufiCe belan inan homsimilaĵon, kaj sukcesis vivigi ĝin virino, kiu tuj devigis al li, ke li edziĝu je Si. En niaj tagoj, kiam la franca pograndisto de bronzaĵoj, Sinjoro Bartholdi, fabrikis en sia fandejo la diversajn membrojn de la famekonata Diino de la Libereco, li ne volis, ke oni tie kunmetu ilin en homan formon. Eble li ne kuragis riski, ke la figurino fariĝu vivanta fraŭlino, kiu povus proponi edziniĝi je li. Povus ja esti neoportune, havi en la domo virinon tiel grandan, eC se oni ne bankrotus aĉetante por Si unuĉapelon. Tial Bartholdi preferis luigi Sipon, kaj sendi la disigitajn pecojn trans la maron al Nov- Jorko, porlasi rekunigf ilin tie, sen dangero al lia per- sona libereco. Tamen, Sajnas, ke ia timo, ke Si vivigus, estis tute senfun- damenta, car post lerta kunmeto de la membroj kaj pli ol dudekjara staro de la figurino sur Sia granita piedestalo en Nov-Jorka haveno, Si ĝis nun tute ne viviĝis. ĉu pro tio oni devas Sin kompati? Ho ne, se kredindaj estas la vortoj de la Predikanto, filo de Davido, rego en Jerusa- lemo, kiu iam anoncis : "Kaj mi trovis. ke la mor- tintoj, kiuj antaŭ longe mortis, estis pli feliCaj ol la vivantoj. Kaj pli feliĉaj ol ili ambafl. estas tiuj. kiuj gis nun ne ekzistis, kiuj ne vidisla malbonajn farojn. kiuj estas farataj sub la suno." Alivorte, se la nunaj kon- Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO "5 difioj mondaj estas tiaj kiaj la tiamaj (kaj ni timas, ke ili estas), nia senvida, sen- kora bronzulino estas pli feliCa nun- state, ol Si estus, fariginte vidantino de Ciuj malbonaj faroj farataj sub la suno. Sed estas al ni ankoraŭ permesate, kon- servi kelkan esperon, ke iatempe eble venos tagoj, en kiuj Si povus viviĝi, sen suferi troajn dolorojn ; tagoj, kiujn an- taŭvidis Robert Burns, kantante : "Ni preĝu, ke farigu ti' Kaj nepre ti' farigos, Ke sur la ronda tera glob' La horaoj kunfratigos.'1 car la neatendita iafoje okazas, kaj Car ne estas absoluta neeblaĵo ke ni ĝisvivos tagojn, kiujn Si povos toleri, Sajnas kon- silinde doni al la estimataj legantoj pri- skribon pri la Fraŭlinego, tiel ke, se ili iam vidos Sin forlasinta sian piedestalon kaj marSanta tra la landoj, ili povos tuj rekoni Sin kaj ne forkuri, timante ke Casas ilin Idino, aŭ eble Sinjorino Ĉef- diablego mem. Kaj por trankviligi ĉiun fraŭlon kaj vidvon, ni sciigas al ili kon- fidencie, ke Si ne edziniĝos je ia aparta hometo, estante jam fianCinego de Sro. Tuthomaro. La Nov-Jorka Ŝtata leĝfarantaro lasta- tempe faris leĝon malpermesantan ke la polico mezuru aŭ faru fotografajon de persono gis kiam gi estos jugita kulpa je krimo. Mi ne scias kiu mezuris nian diinon, sed jen Siaj Bertjllonajoj : FUTOJ COLOJ Alteco de fundo ĝis torfto - - 151 1 De fundo di* piedestalo ĝis torĉo 305 6 Longeco di mano - 16 5 Longeco di montra fingro - - 80 Rondmezuro di montra fingro fie dua artiko - - - - 7 6 Kapo, de mentono gis kranio "'7 3 Trans la okulo - - - - 2 6 Nazlongeco.....46 Longeco di dekstra brako - - 42 o Maksimuma dikeco di dekstra brako 12 o Dikeco Ĉe talio - - - - 35 o Largeco di buSo - - - - 30 La tableto, kiun Si portas en la mano, estas: longa - 23 7 larga - , - - 13 7 dika - - --20 La kolosino pezas 450,000 funtojn. La bronzo sola pezas 200,000 funtojn. Kvarkek personoj povas stari sengene en la kapo, kaj la torĉo povas enteni dekdu homojn. La Stuparo kondukanta de la piedestalo ĝis la kapo konsistas el 154 Stupoj, kaj de tie ĝis la torĉo estas ladder el 54 transbastonoj (angle, rounds). "Proposed new preposition ti LA ĈIELO LIN BENU! Metodista pastro rakontis al mi antaŭ- nelonge pri sia lasta nesukceso. Enir- ante la oficejon de loka semajna Jurnalo, li diris al la redaktoro: "Mi estas pet- anta monhelpon por sinjoro de ĝentileco kaj inteligenteco, kiu bezonegas mal- multe da kontanto, sed kiu estas multe tro fiera por sciigi pri siaj suferoj." "ja! " ekkriis la redaktoro, supren- puŝante sian okulŝirmilon, "Mi estas la sola virĉjo en la vilaĝo, kiu respondas al tiu priskribo. Kio estas la nomo de la sinjoro ? " "Bedaŭrinde," diris la pastro, "mi ne havas liberecon por sciigi." "Do tiu devas esti mi," diris la re- daktoro. "Estas mi—estas mi sendube ! La Ĉielo vin prosperu, Pastro, en via bona laboro ! " — Esperantigis Mrs. E. A. Russell, Ord, Neb Digitized by Google CORRESPONDENCE FOREIGN POSTAGE. Editor:—Is there any way to tell the exact postage required to send cards to foreign countries other than constant inquiry at the post office? D. W. Newton. New Bockford, N. D. Yes. Ask the postmaster to give you printed matter containing such informa- tion. The one-cent rate applies to Can- ada, Mexico, Cuba, Panama, and terri- tories of the United States. All other countries within the Postal Union, which includes most of the dry land of the earth, are two cents. ft HE WANTS TO KNOW. Dear Sirs:1—I would like to suggest that for the benefit of the new converts to Esperanto you publish an account of the aims and purposes of the American Esperanto Association; also, whether there is any way to unite with the Association, what the cost is and if there is any symbol of membership. I consider that Amcrika Esperantisto needs very little to make it a most per- fect paper for the language. Is your of- fer of books for town libraries only, or does it extend to school libraries as well? Ruber La Moreaux. R. P. D. 2, Zimmerman, Minn. The A. E. A. is so busy cutting its teeth that it will not sit for its biogra- phy. It is less than three years old. The green star is the international sym- bol of Esperanto, but the A. E. A. has no special badge except the red badge of courage, which is worn pink to avoid confusion with the international "reds." Not to mention a perfect paper, Ameki- ka Esperantisto needs about twelve thousand things to make it just a com- fortable paper. Most of these are silver discs with our national prevarication embossed on the front: "In God we trust." Our library offer extends to all libraries of a public or semi-public nature; that includes, of course, those of the schools. WANTS IT AT N. Y. C. COLLEGE. Editor: As to that Fifth Congess, We know that our language aims to make all men brothers; that for this to be successful all things must be distrib- uted equally; and for the last, every- thing used or justly desired by all should be owned by the government and given gratis, though indirectly paid for by just taxation. Now, the College of the City of New York is the only one where these conditions prevail, and. what's more, successfully. It's audi- torium, seating 2,400 people, is open to all public uses, and could easily be ob- tained free. I therefore propose that the Fifth Congress take place in New York at this college. H. D. Jacobson, College of the City of New York, June 1, 1908. The "brotherhood of man," "our dear language," our holy cause," and kindred expressions used in connection with Esperanto are misleading in a way. Socialists, anarchists, Christians, Mo- hammedans, all belive in the "brother- hood of man," though frequently hav- ing such differences of opinion as to how it shall be brought about as to in- volve them in direct battle one against Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 117 the other. Certainly Esperanto has nothing to do with public ownership. To be sentimental about the language is a matter of individual choice. ESPERANTO ON REPLY COUPON. Samuel St. Thomas, of 272 75th Street, New York City, is of the opin- ion that it is possible to have Esperanto added to the various languages in which the text of the international pos- tal reply coupons are printed. We cheerfully delegate the details to the gentleman who makes the suggestion, and all who are willing to help push the matter may write him. By the way, the coupon (concerning which we occasion- ally receive inquiries) is a slip of paper, exchangeable in any country for a stamp of five-cent value. It can be purchased at any post office and costs six cents. Thus, for small amounts, its use is cheaper and more convenient than pay- ing the ten cents exchange on-a foreign money order. -u WHAT CAN HE DO? Dear Editor:—I want to call your at- tention to the fact that many persons whose names appear in the list of corre- spondents for the exchange of post cards never reply. Is this proper? If you can suggest any remedy I would be very glad to hear of it. Curtis B. Lore. Ill W. Market St., Danville, Penna. There is no way to compel people to reply, but there are two ways in which to avoid the inconvenience or annoy- ance. The first is, advertise for your- self. When I wish to employ help, I never write to those who have adver- tised for work, but put my own adver- tisement in the "Help Wanted" col- umn. It is a foregone conclusion that twenty will apply for the situation and nineteen be disappointed, but I would rather disappoint nineteen people than be disappointed nineteen times myself. The other way is to join some corres- pondence society which periodically ex- pels all members who fail to send re- plies. How to find the address of such a society ? Again—advertise. A HATFUL OF SUGGESTIONS. My Dear Editor: Seeing you have set apart a column for the views of your readers and at the request of friends, I want to communicate a few ideas touching Esperanto prop- gapda in Usono, which ideas, given in all humility, are to be taken strictly on their own merits, if they have any. Our great lack is unity. The Ameri- can Esperanto Association is not what it ought to be—the first force for Esper- anto in the country. The commercial firm, The American Esperantist Com- pany, as it avers itself, is doing more for the movement than any single agent in the country. A. E. A. lacks unity because it lacks an official organ. No effective national society can do without a periodical means of communication with its far- scattered members. It is true that, Amerika Esperantisto supplies this medium by courtesy, but we need more than that. In short, why cannot the Amerika Esperantisto be officialized? It is the pioneer paper in Usono, the largest and best-supported. Let the National Congress vote first of all on this essential matter. The whole paper need not be run by the Association. The Germana Esperantisto has " an official part" which alone contains the work of the Association in Germany. Let Mr. Baker's company and A. E. A. com- bine. This seems to me to be the prac- tical way of combining. Another idea—why not a clause in the constitution constituting all Esperant- ists ipse facto honorary members of A. E. A.,-—as does the B. E. A.? This is an easy thing, but a good one, I think. Make it known that all honorary mem- Digitized by Google 118 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO bers and clubs will be enrolled on re- ceipt of names. No dues, of course. Active members of course to pay dues and to alone have voice in ordinary gov- ernment. Let us work for the Fifth Congress. The work will do us good, even if we do not get that Congress. Let us not forget the small Chautau- quas, of which there are 200-300 in the country. For instance the Moundsville Chautauqua is to have Mrs. W. S. Stoner teach every morning and deliver three afternoon lectures. Just make known to the Boards of the various small Chntau- quas the work of the main Chautauqua. In order to have none but earnest peo- ple as active members of the local groups, would it not be well to set up an examination corresponding to the "Atesto pri Lernado," passing which alone constitutes one an active member locally? All but my first suggestion I regard as rekomendindaj. My first idea, touch- ing an official organ, I regard as abso- lutely deviga. It seems to me essential to our further progress. Yours in the work, Hubert M. Scott. 1312 Purdy Ave.. Moundsville, W. Va. ft THOSE NEW SOOTS. Dear Sir:—I think the following inr formation should be printed in every issue of EsPERANTiSTO, viz: The name of the International Organization (if there be such), with name and address of the secretary or person to whom mail should be sent; the names of commit- tees, with the addresses of the proper officers to whom mail is to be sent,—for instance the "Lingva Komitato," the "Scienea Associo" which asks for lists of technical words without saying to whom they should be sent, etc.; the name and addess of the national organization in Usono; and such information; for all of which I have searched in vain in va- rious publications. Also, all new words as fast as adopted by the Lingva Kom- itato, or seem to be coming into popular use without their sanction, should be added to the root dictionary, or men- tioned somehow. I consider these points of information to be necessary for one ■who wants to keep up with the proces- sion, and I do not know otherwise how most of us can obtain them. Other points of this nature may suggest them- selves later. With best wishes for your success in your rather thankless task of running the Esperantisto, I remain, Yours very truly, Wm. A. Lewis. Rutherford, N. J. This magazine is not run for thanks, health, glory or politics. The publisher publishes because publishing is the bus- iness to which he was trained, and is with and for Esperanto because he likes it and sees plenty of work to be done. Amerika Esperantisto is a low-browed publication with one hand on the public pulse and the other feeling for its pocket book. There! And if Mr. Lewis will undertake to compile a list of new roots in general use, defining "new" as those not contained in the American Esper- anto Book, we'll gladly publish them. ft A GOOD EXAMPLE. Myles J. Murphy, of Weehawken, has a column article on Esperanto in a re- cent number of the Catholic Union and Times. Several American Catholic pa- pers have gone to considerable trouble to "knock" Esperanto, and if we are not mistaken the Union and Times is one of them. However, any religious or po- litical paper will be fair enough on mat- ters which do not concern their politics or religion directly, and when these take occasion to editorially libel Esperanto, they will usually print a well-written reply. Anyhow, the best propaganda you can make for Esperanto is to be contin- ually writing something good and send- ing it to "ye editor." Digitized by Google Amsterdama Pioniro.—The Dutch- Esperanto organ of the Esperanto movement in Holland. In the May number: News notes from Holland and the world in general. The address of Dr. Zamenhof in London; a fable in Esperanto, from the Sanskrit; and two poems. The number, 10c; by the year, 85 cents. Esperanto Card Game.—Mrs. Wini- fred S. Stoner has compiled a card game which can be turned to good account in memorizing Esperanto words. It is simply a set of 200 cards, containing each ten words, numbered. Each num- ber represents a different series of words. With these cards, there is practically no limit to the various games which can be devised, and the inventor quite appropri- ately names the scheme Cio. The small edition printed by way of experiment is nearly exhausted, but we understand that another edition will appear. Price $1.00. Address Marshall White, 224 Water St., Evansville, Ind. Complete Course in Esperanto.—This is a 82-page booklet for use by the pu- pils of Mr. Geo. M. Freeman's corre- spondence school of Esperanto. Using the American Esperanto Book as the main text, the "Complete Course" in- structs the correspondent student in the manner of study, provides additional examples and instruction, etc. Well prepared and printed, and is quite a testimonial to the stability of the corre- spondence school. Full particulars of the course may be had from Prof. Free- man, at Sinclairville, N. Y. Esperanto en la Servo de la Dia Regno.—"Esperanto in the service of the Kingdom of God" is the beginning of the title of a new monthly folio, pub- lished at Mulheim a. lŭhein, Germany, Freidrich Wilhelmstrasse 66. The rest of the name is "Monthly Reports on the Spread of Esperanto in the Young Men's Christian Associations," making, all told, the largest title and the small- est periodical in the Esperanto field. Price, one mark, or 25 cents, per year. Address the publisher. From the first issue we learn that the Y. M. C. A. has 7,600 locals, with a total of 761,000 members. Lingvo Internacia (April).—Prac- tically the entire number is filled with important official and semi-official mat- ter. Prof. Cart has an article taking the public further into confidence re- garding the recent "Ido" controversy and along the same line P. Corret has an exhaustive article on "Adjuvanto and the Delegation." These, with Cir- cular 13 of the Lingvo Komitato, which contains the final letter from Sro. Boirac, President of the Committee, to Prof. Ostwald, for the delegation prac- tically fill the number. Dr. Vallienne has an article on the mental processes of the Romans, there are two poems, one on "Beautiful Death" and the oth- er "After a Rain." Forty-eight pages. The number, 20 cents; by the year, $1.80. Lingvo Internacia (May).—"The Fu- ture of Human Flight" is a well-writ- ten and interesting popular study of .the aeroplane, which the writer consid- ers now a practical, undoubted solution of the ages-old problem of the air. "The Old Guide" is a story from Jean Rameau, translated by the Es- peranto Group of Neuehatel, Switz- erland. There are some official papers, Digitized by Google 120 AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Prof. Cart writes a letter to Prof. Jes- perset and Corret continues his stinging papers on "Adjuvanto and the Delega- tion." The sum of his remarks is that De Bteaufront, for years leader of the French movement for Esperanto, tried to smuggle Adjuvanto, his own inven- tion, through the Delegation in a box marked "Ido" and has been caught in the act. The accusers present consider- able evidence, and the French society seems likely to undergo a change of president. For the rest, book reviews illustrated monthly of Esperantoland. For May: " The Singing Society of Mo- and news notes, forty-eight pages, 20 cents; $1.80 per year. Philatelic Esperanto.—This is a new one, "published in behalf of the Esper- anto-speaking collectors of the world." Mr. Julian Park, of Buffalo, is the ed- itor. The copies are numbered and are for circulation among the members of the society. From Number Four, Vol- ume One, we get at first the impression that the journal is a joke, since every blessed line of it is English and not Es- peranto, as the title slyly leads one to expect. Closer examination, however, reveals the announcement (still in Eng- lish) that the publication will later ap- pear in Esperanto, French and English. La Suno Hispana.—Monthly of 16 pages in Spanish and Esperanto. (In all reviews appearing in this magazine, articles mentioned are in Esperanto un- less otherwise stated, even though the titles are translated into English, as is done in the present number for prop- aganda purposes.) In the May num- ber Sro. E. Cano has an article on ama- teur treatment of a disease in dogs. "Dresden, the Congress City," "The Permanent Committee of the Con- gresses," a sensible article on the bar- barous custom of piercing the ears is contributed by Dr. A. Mellin; some par- allel notes in Spanish and Esperanto with the conclusion of a translation from Anderson by Dr. Zamenhof, re- printed from an old issue of Lingvo In- ternacia. The number, 10 cents; by the year, 75c. Verda Stelo. — The sixteen-page monthly organ of the Central Mexican Esperanto Society; Spanish and Esper- anto. The June number states that a delegate from that country will probably attend the Chautauqua convention to help create enthusiasm for the Fifth in America. The leading article is in Span- ish—El Latin y el Esperanto. An Es- peranto poem, anecdotes, news notes, etc., fill the remainder of the number. Every propagandist should have a copy of the Mexican journal. We have the numbers for April, May and June. By the copy, 10c; by the year, $1.00. Pola Esperantisto.—One of the most important of recent additions to the the periodical literature of Esperanto is this Polish-Esperanto propaganda and literary monthly published at Warsaw, the home of Dr. Zamenhof, inventor of Esperanto. Among the editorial staff are some of the oldest and best writers of the language, including Dr. Leon Zamenhof, Dr. Bein (Kabe), Leo Belmont, Antoni Grabowski and A. Kofman. "Kabe" is well known as probably the best Es- peranto writer, and Kofman is not only a charming writer but a sociologist of keenest perception. In the April and May numbers he has an allegory on "The Living Truth" which is quite worth reading. (We have all numbers, January to May; per copy, 15c; per year, $1.15.) Internacia Scienca Revuo.—A scien- tific magazine of general scope, wholly in Esperanto; official organ of the In- ternational Esperanto Scientific Soci- ety. In the June number: "A New Theory on the Movement of Bodies in Space"; "The Ideas of Sro. Le Bon on the "Birth and Death of Matter"; an archeological study by Dr. Sallin; an ar- ticle by P. Dejean on the international time-meridian proposal; "The Natural History of Love" translated from Max Digitized by Google. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO Nordau; notes and correspondece on various subjects. (We have on sale the numbers for March, April, May and June; per copy, 15c; per year, $1.60. The British Esperantist.—The leading article in the June issue is an essay on "Ethics," written in the form of a con- versational storiette. It is charmingly written by A. Kofman, and is one of the best replies we have yet seen to the question, "Can Esperanto ever possess a literature of Its Own?" It is a terrific arraignment of modern so-called moral- ity, written by a man who knows well where lies the road to better things, and the futility of pointing it out. He dis- misses the subject flippantly with the words: "Leave these useless questions alone; in Russia this is a dangerous subject!" One turns with reluctance from this literary gem to examine the remaining contents of the journal, al- ways good: '' The Jackdaw of Rheims.'' has been well translated by J. W. Eg- gleton. Su Ke Lo has an article on "Esperanto and the Chinese Lan- guage." Five pages of book reviews and news notes in Esperanto, two pages telling (in English)) of progress among the British clubs, and a long-needed article on "How to Start and Keep Go- ing an Esperanto Club." This number also reprints John Kendrick Bangs' hu- morous poem about Esperanto, from a recent number of The Century Mag- azine. Price of the number, 10c. By the year, 85c. Order from A. E. Co. Espero Pacifisto (Jan., Feb.).—The bi-monthly organ of the International Esperantist Peace Society reviews the work of its first three years of existence and confesses that much more money is needed to carry on the business. Some of the best Esperanto books have been issued as supplements to this magazine. In discussion of "The Language Ques- tion," M. Moch, the editor, says that three things most of all are needed in propaganda work: First, discipline; second, discipline; and third, discipline. Amikejo kaj Pacifismo are discussed by M. Roy, promoter of the little Esper- anto nation. Papers on international arbitration, the peace movement in gen- eral, annual report of the society, etc., complete the number. Single copies, 15 cents. La Vangfrapo.—This little comedy, "The Slap," was written by Abraham Dreyfus and has had a great popularity in France. A deputy, a duellist and a servant, with no stagesetting, are re- quired for the performance, which re- lates to "an affair of honor" as such affairs are understood in certain Euro- pean circles. After much belligerent talk and some actual violence and recip- rocal slapping, the belligerents make the following arrangement, dictated by one of the principals: "We will go to the duelling-ground; you will hold out your arm, which I will scratch;"you will fall to the earth; afterwards we will eat din- ner and draw up a report for the pa- pers." Paper, 52 pages; 25 cents. Internacia Soda Bevuo.—A monthly (soon to be changed to semi-monthly) Esperanto magazine in opposition to Militarism, Capitalism and Clericalism. The May number: "The Liberals and the English Proletariat", by Harmel; an editorial by A. Duthil on the value of thinking as compared with mere reading; "Reflections on Individual- ism," translated from Devaldes by R. Louis; "The Social and Psychical Ele- ment in Christianity"; "A Letter from Japan," by Osgi; Constitution of the General Labor Federation (Confedera- tion Generate du Travail,) from Dele- salle, translated by Buokin; Reports on the social movement from Argentina, Australia, Belgium, France, Germany, Spain, Holland, Italy, Norway, Portu- gal, Uruguay and United States. By the copy 15 cents. Per year, $1.40. A. E. Co. Digitized by Google REMARKS When you prepare manuscripts for any publisher on earth, write one line and leave two blank spaces following it, and keep it up in this proportion. It is barely possible that the editor will want to make a correction or interline some marks for the printer. Use a type- writer. If your matter is not worth typewriting the odds are that it is not worth printing. it Never cover more than one subject on one sheet of paper. For example, if you order books, preach a sermon and write an editorial on the same sheet you will have saved $.001 worth of pa- per and will endanger the immortal souls of one order clerk, one editor and one book-keeper, besides your own, if you have any. ■& Any club can have copies of our American Esperanto Book, on sale, sub- ject to payment when sold. For the reason that many clubs and not a few stores are doing this, we must insist that if you want the premium book sent with a given subscription you ask for it when ordering. Some keep this book in stock and give it to the subscriber first hand. Others do not. Make clear what you want, please. it The girl at the subscription desk sends this little message, with her kind regards, hoping you are well: "When you go on a vacation, or make a tem- porary change of address, do not ask to have your subscription address changed, but simply request the sending of cer- tain numbers to the temporary address, and always, in writing about your sub- scription, refer to the permanent ad- dress. Just remember that we have an opera-house full of subscribers in every state, and some of them with standing room only." it Begging your pardon for any seeming tendency to flit about, we ask you to observe that Amerika Esperantisto is now giving a new address—235 East Fortieth Street, but still Chicago— always Chicago. Previous quarters have been temporary, but we now have a large office in a new building designed expressly for a syndicate of periodicals —The United Religious Press. Our tel- ephone is Douglas 3113, private ex- change to all departments. To visit us, take any South Side elevated train and change for Kenwood line, stopping at Vincennes Avenue. Half bfock south and one east; or, take any Cottage Grove Avenue car to Fortieth Street, get off and walk a block west. As the cover of this issue was printed and most of the advertisements electrotyped before the change was miade, the new address is not "played up" in this issue; mail to any previous address, however, or just plain '' Chicago'' reaches us promptly. - And again, though your check for a dollar is a most gladsome sight, it is worth only ninety cents in Chicago un- less drawn upon a city bank—New York, Philadelphia, Boston, St. Louis, etc. Ten thousand dollars in checks from country subscribers means, in the end, $1,000 paid out for exchange charges. Plain Ben Franklin stamps, good for one cent apiece, for any small amount, are better and cheaper than money-orders. One dollar bills, which are found in a wild state only east of the Mississippi, are also accepted at their face value. Digitized by Google The Inventor of the IntE* T\R. LAZARO XJ ENHOF is LUDOVIKO ZAM- a native of Warsaw, Russia, and by profession an oculist. He is, of course, a "born linguist" and has improved upon his natural talent by extensive study and research. During his early days Warsaw was, as now, the scene of bloody conflicts in which the people of different races and lan- guages (urged on by their more highly educated superiors who know so well how to take advantage of the prejudices of the ignorant, and sin- cerely strive to perpet- uate them) fought over affairs which were large- ly imaginary, and aug- mented, among these people, few of whom can read, by the total inabil- ity to understand one an- other. It was largely because the knowledge of a com- mon, neutral language would do much to allev- iate such prejudices that Dr. Zamenhof began his work. We are assured that the Esperanto of today bears little resem- blance to his first at- tempts, but underwent a long process of evolu- tion, revision and elimi- nation, which seems en- tirely credible in view of its present marvelous simplicity, making it possible for one to learn the language quite well in the time required to mem- orize the conjugation of two or three French verbs. As has been the case with all great inventions and discoveries for the wel- fare of the human race, Dr. Zamenhof was at first ridiculed and opposed by the very people who, naturally, should have been his co-laborers. His none too lucrative practice was barely sufficient to support his family, and when the fruits of this were drawn upon in the seem- Nb.'W TOR ational f anguage DR. L. L. ZAMENHOF TILOEN fO'->:lAT|c |R . 1909______Lj ingly hopeless propaganda of Esperanto, his father-in-law, Sro. Silbernik, who never lost faith in the project, aided him financially. It is significant that many of the same colleges and universities which ridiculed Dr. Zamenhof in those days, have now been represented in a World Congress of Universities and Academies, which proposes to "assist" in "improving" the language, thus confessing that the pro- ject they formerly declared ridiculous has fully proven its prac- ticability. Some time after the appearance of Esperan- to, Dr. Zamenhof met Sro. de Beaufront, a French linguist who had prepared a language of his own. Upon compar- ing Esperanto with his product, he found the language of Dr. Zamen- hof so greatly superior to his own that he promptly became a champion of Esperanto. Sro. de Beaufront was the first French propagandist of the language, and re- mains to this day a warm personal friend of the inventor. Dr. Zamenhof has never copyrighted any of his works, but in order to protect Esperanto against the many thousand persons who come for- ward with supposed "improvements," many of which the author himself dis- carded years ago, he formally relin- quished all rights in the language and all control of it, in the Boulogne Convention of 1905. This convention adopted a declaration accepting Dr. Zamenhof's Fundamento de Esperanto as the un- changeable foundation of the language, and for the adoption and control of new words, etc., appointed a Language Com- mittee, with representatives of all lands. Digitized by Google ESPERANTO: LINGVO INTERNACIA ""THERE have been many attempts to . create a universal language. Some of these have reached the dignity of get- ting into print and acquiring a few fol- lowers, while many more have not passed the manuscript stage. Some have been wholly revolutionary, essaying to sup- plant existing letters and symbols, words and languages. Others have taken the opposite extreme and sought to make use of all existing material. For example, one of these schemes contemplated the use of international lexicons, in which each idea would receive a number, the same for all languages. Thus, if Idea No. i was represented in English by the word man, the same number would, in French, indicate homme, in Spanish, hombre, in German Mensch, etc. A letter in this wonderful language would read : 18 i-2 : 221 83 45 13 964- 1820, 79, 3 415 88 16 4. 4S 44 231, 4 207, 8, 4 11 44, 23 This plan was abandoned because a steamboat was necessary to transport such a lexicon ; and steamboats had not then been invented. Another plan has been to let each idea be represented by a letter, grouping the letters to express any thought, just as we can now group figures to express any number. For example, supposing that p means light, and pa a luminary, then pab would mean sun, pad moon, paf a star, etc. This system appeals strongly at first sight, and is truly scientific. But nobody—not even the inventors them- selves—can read or speak it; and writing it proves such a laborious task that the foremost exponent of the system in the United States has not gone beyond a small circular. The method and purpose of Esperanto lie between the two extremes described. It does not attempt to utilize all existing linguistic material, the bad with 4he good ; nor does it indiscriminately dis- card all, the good with the bad. By a careful process of elimination and selec- tion and experiment, involving many years of work, the inventor of Esperanto built the language as follows : Sounds.—The sounds are simple, and almost without exception are familiar to all Europeans. There is no delicate shading of the vowels, no shifting and confusing accents. The text is a perfect guide to pronunciation, and the pronun- ciation unfailingly indicates the spelling. Letters.—The letters of Esperanto are another demonstration of the inventor's use of already-existing material. The sound given each letter is that which it already bears in a majority of languages. The use of supersigns, as in I and ŭ, is an innovation for no people except Eng- lish-speaking, and for these is a welcome improvement over their own hideous in- consistency of giving four sounds to one symbol. Words.—It is in the selection of the word-material of Esperanto, however, that Dr. Zarhenhof laid the foundation of its success and worked out principles which had escaped the notice of his pre- decessors. Taking cognizance of the existence of many words already inter- national, he adopted these with no change except to give them the Esperanto form and spelling: teatro, telefono, biologio, geografio, etc. Then, finding many more words which vary somewhat in form, but are derived from a common source, he adopted these, taking, when possible, the original root, usually Latin. For example: Esperanto, horo. Latin, Spanish and Portuguese, hora. French, heure. Italian, ora. German, Uhr. English, hour. Other words, which were found in some of the principal languages, though not in all, were given preference. Thus, the Saxon-English word spring, which boasts four distinct meanings in the lat- ter language, is not considered at all, but its four meanings are represented by four distinct words, each partially inter- national : printempo, fonto, risorto, salto. Digitized by Google AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO There still remained a comparatively small number of fundamental ideas not represented by international words. To serve for these, the inventor of Esper- anto selected with careful discrimination words from the English, Spanish, Ger- man, Latin and Russian. Only in rare occasions did he coin new words, and this was done with masterful judgment, exhibited, for example, in the Correlative Words, where by learning thirteen syl- lables the student masters forty-five words. Such, in brief, is the origin of the vocabulary of Esperanto, contradict- ing at every step the claim of those who decry it as "artificial," and "dead." In deciding that all verbs should be regular in conjugation, Dr. Zamenhof probably did no more than any sane per- son would do in attempting to construct a grammar of his own. He went much farther, however, in fixing an invariable sign for the noun, adjective and adverb, permitting the use of these and the verb and participle signs, all on the unvaried root which represents the fundamental idea. Thus, from the root brul', which represents the idea burn, we have such words as : brul'o, a blaze; brul'a, com- bustible; brul'e, blazingly; brul'as, is burning; brul'inte, having burned, etc. The crowning stroke of genius in the making of Esperanto, however, in addi- tion to its international vocabulary, its phonetic spelling and easy pronunciation, its simple yet wholly adequate grammar, is the system of word-building (See Prefixes, Sufiixes and Word-Bui/ding, on another page). By the use of simple prefixes and suffixes, it was found possi- ble to eliminate thousands of words. As an example, all feminine words are made from the masculine by adding the suffix 'in: patro, father, patr'ino, mother. Thus, the student needs learn no word for sister, daughter, aunt, hen, cow, mare, etc. Similarly, 'id, meaning offspring, relieves the memory of a mass of words such as kitten, puppy, calf, colt, whelp, cub, fawn, fry, lamb, kid, etc. As there are over thirty-five of these useful little words, the economy of their use needs no argument. SUMMARY The absolute certainty, therefore, of the ultimate adoption of Esperanto with a wide field of usefulness as an interna- tional language, is supported by these facts and circumstances : The words are not arbitrarily created, but the great majority are already familiar to Europeans and Americans. The grammar is simple, logical and regular, with no exceptions, but at the same time as expressive as the grammar of Latin, English, Ger- man or French, and fifty times as easy to learn. The sounds and pronunciation are international, and so simple that two persons of different descent, for ex- ample an American and a Russian, having learned the language from books, can readily converse in Espe- ranto. A letter written in Esperanto and accompanied by a "key," may be at once translated by the addressee, even though he has never before heard of the language. Esperanto now has hundreds of thousands of adherents, representing all civilized countries; it has forty monthly magazines, and a rapidly- growing array of books, including works of all classes. It has recently been approved by an international delegation, repre- senting over 250 of the leading uni- versities of the world. THE VOICE OF THE PEOPLE OF THIS WORLD RISES HIGHER AND WAXES STRONGER WITH EACH SUCCEEDING DAY. SCIENCE HAS ARMED IT WITH PURPOSE; INVENTION HAS CLOTHED IT WITH POWER. IT LACKS BUT HAR- MONY TO FRIGHTEN TREMBLING DESPOTS FROM THEIR ROTTEN THRONES AND BANISH HUNGER AND OPPRESSION FOREVER. THE HERALD OF THAT HARMONY IS ESPERANTO! Digitized by Google Alphabet and Pronunciation of Esperanto THE ALPHABET consists of twenty-eight letters : abcĉdefg ghĥijĵklmnoprsŝtuŭ v z. The sounds are as follows : a is like a in father. c is like ts in hats. 6 is like ch in church. e is like a in fate, but not so long. It may be best described to an American as long a shortened, or short e (as in met) lengthened. Since none of the other vowels resembles it, one may pronounce it long, medium or short, with not the slightest danger of being misunderstood. g is like g in get. ĝ is like g in gem, or j in joy. n is like ch in loch—a strong, guttural aspirate, sounded /iff. Found in very few words. i is like ee in see. j is like y in yet, yarn, boy, ay. Ĵ is. like 2 in seizure. O is like o in rail. s is like s in so. Ŝ is like sh in shov/. u is like oo in saan (oo, not yoo). ŭ is like w in how and is used only in aŭ, pronounced oiv, and eŭ, pronounced thw. x is like z in zone, seize, r is slightly rolled or trilled. The remaining letters are pronounced exactly as in English: b d f h k 1 m n p t v. oj is like oy in bay. ojn is like oin in coin. aj is like y in my, sky, try. ajn is like ine in shine. ej is like ay in pay, hay. uj is pronounced ooy—one syllable. ujn is pronounced ooyn—one syllable. PRONUNCIATION—Every word is pronounced exactly as spelled, and no letter is ever silent. The Accent, stress or emphasis is placed on the syllable next to the last: BA'lo; ne-HE'la; di-li-GEN'ta. Every vowel (a, e, i, o, u) adds a syllable: zo-o-lo-gi-o ; tre-eg-e. Grammar of Esperanto in Plain Language ARTICLE.—Esperanto has no word for a. Domo means a house; viro, a man, etc. The word for the is la: La domo, the house; la viro, the man. NOUNS are names of the things of which we speak. They are formed by adding 'o to the root: am'o, love ; ag'o, an act; bonec'o, goodness; domo, house. PLURAL.—When more than one is spoken of, we add 'j : kat'o'j, cats. - VERBS are words expressing action. If the action is now occurring, the sign is 'as ; if past, 'is ; if future, 'os : am'as, does love; am'is, did love; am'os, will love. The form of the verb is not changed for a plural noun. Conditional action is expressed by 'us: (se)....am'us, (.if).....should lore. Imperative action, indicating com- mand, desire or purpose, is expressed by 'u : Am'u min \=Love me/ Infinitive or indefinite action is ex- pressed by 'i: am'i, to love; est'i, to be. ADJECTIVES are words which ex- press quality. They are formed by the addition of 'a to the root: am'a, loving, affectionate; grand'a, large; bon'a, good. An adjective usually belongs to a noun, and if the noun has the plural sign, 'j, the adjective also takes it: bel'a'j bir- d'o'j, beautiful birds. ADVERBS usually express manner, and are formed by adding 'e to the root: am'e, lovingly; rapid'e, rapidly. Not all adverbs end in 'e; see "Primary Adverbs," American Esperanto Book. FINAL 'N.—When a verb requires an object to complete its sense, this object on which the force of the verb falls, has the final 'n: Li mortigis la kato'n- He killed, the cat. The 'n is also used to indicate motion toward: Johano iras hejmo'n=yaa« is going home(ward). If the noun is plural, the 'n follows the 'j. An adjective belonging to the 'n noun also takes the 'n : rug'a'j'n pom'o'j'n. PRONOUNS are words which are used instead of nouns. The personal pronouns are :• Mi I, vi you, li he. Si she, ĝi it, ni we, ili they, oni "one," "they," Digitized by Google "a person"; si 'self ox 'selves, can refer only to a third person; that is, not to the speaker or listener, but to some other. POSSESSION in pronouns, shown by my, your, his, etc., is indicated by the adjective sign 'a : mi'a, vi'a, li'a, etc. When the noun to which they are related is plural, the possessive pronouns take the plural sign, and if the noun is singu- lar, the pronoun is also singular, even though it refers to more than one person : li'a'j libroj, his books; ili'a libro, their book. Possessive Nouns, such as fohn's, Mary's, father's, are rendered in Esper- anto by the word de (of): La libro de Johnno=fohn's book. THE PARTICIPLE is a word that always implies action, and thus resem- bles the verb. Its signs are: present action, 'ant'; past, 'int'; future, 'ont'. By its ending, it takes the form of a noun, adverb or adjective. In the noun form, it represents the person performing the act: la kant'ant'o, the person who is singing. In the adjective form, it shows the quality of being in action: kant'ant'a birdo, a singing bird. In the adver- bial form, the participle shows the fact of the action, but does not directly con- nect act and actor: Kant'int'e, la birdo ŭagis= JYaving sung, the bird flew. The Passive Participle expresses the action as being received. Its forms are 'at', 'it' and 'ot'. The verb EST'I (to be) is used with the participles as follows : estas am'anta—'ata, is loving—loved. estis am'anta—'ata, was loving— loved. estos am'anta—'ata, will be loving— loved. estis am'inta—'ita, had been loving— loved. estis am'onta—'ota, was about to love—be loved, etc., etc., etc. (For complete explanations and examples of the various shades of meaning reached by participles see The American Esperanto Book). THE NUMERALS areunu i, du2, tri 3, kvar 4, kvin 5, ses 6, sep 7, ok 8, naŭo, dek 10, cent 100, mil 1000. The units are expressed by placing the lower number after the higher : dek du, twelve, dek tri thirteen, etc. The tens and hundreds are formed by placing the lower number before the higher: du'dek, twenty, kvin'dek fifty, etc. Ordinals have the sign 'a : unu'a, du'a, tr\2.=first, second, third. Fractionals have the sign 'on': du'on'o, 6)s!OXl 0=one-half, one-eighth. Multiples have the sign 'obi': du- obl'a, tri'obi'e=zdouble, triply. Collectives are formed with the sign 'op': du'op'e, dek'op'e=£y twos, by tens. "At the rate of is signified by the word po : po du, at the rate of two. PREPOSITIONS are words used to express relation between other words. They are the equivalents of such English words as on, over, in, at, by, near, etc. In English, words following prepositions are said to be in the objective: at him, toward her. In Esperanto, the Sense is literally at he, toward she, by they, etc. We do not change the form of either noun or pronoun following a preposition. The preposition JE, which has no fixed meaning, is used when we are not able to decide what preposition exactly expresses the sense. Instead of je we can omit the preposition altogether and substitute the sign 'n after the noun. HOW TO READ ESPERANTO Upon reviewing the foregoing matter, the student should find that he knows the meaning of the following grammati- cal suffixes : 'o, 'a, 'e, 'j, 'n, 'as, 'ant', 'at', 'is, 'int', 'it', 'os, 'ont', 'ot', 'us, 'u, 'i. The mark ' by which we have set off the suffixes in the examples is not used in ordinary text, and the student soon learns their meaning so thoroughly that his mind automatically combines it with the root. Thus, am', the idea of affection, and 'as, action in the present tense, do not convey to the brain two distinct thoughts, but the single idea loves. Of less relative importance than the grammatical signs are the syllable prefixes and suffixes shown on another page. They are used with great fre- quency. Thus, virineto one would find to contain four words : vir', man ; 'in', female; 'et', liny, small; O, a being or object; hence, a little woman. The American Esperanto Book : plain words Digitized by Google Prefixes, Suffixes, Word-Building Method Esperanto is equipped with a system of prefixes and suffixes, giving a wide range of expression to a very small vocabulary. Taking a root for the cen- tral thought, these are used to express the variations of the central idea. In Exercise 42, American Esperanto Book, there are shown 53 words thus formed from one root. The only limit to such combinations is clearness. PREFIXES BO' indicates relationship by marriage: bo'patro, father-in-law. CEF' chief or principal: Cef kuiristo, head cook. DE' means from: de'preni.to take from. DIS' dismemberment or separation: dis'siri, to tear apart. EK' to begin suddenly: ek'krii, to cry out; ek'dormi, to fall asleep. EKS' same as English ex: eks'prezi- danto, ex-president. EL' out: el'labori, to work out; el- pensi, to think out, to invent. FOR' away : for'iri, to go away. GE' both sexes : ge'patroj, parents. MAL' the direct opposite: bona, good; mal'bona, bad; levi, to raise; mal'levi, to lower. NE' not, neutral: ne'bela, not beauti- ful, plain. PR A' means great- or primordial: pra- avo, great-grandfather; pra'patroj, forefathers. RE' to repeat or reverse : re'iri, to go back ; re'diri, to repeat. SEN' without, -less : sen'hara, bald. SUFFIXES 'AD' continued action: kanto, a song; kant'ad'o, continued singing. 'Af the concrete; something made from or having the quality of: bel'ajb, a beautiful thing; Safaj'o, mutton. 'AR' collection or group ; vort'ar'o, a dictionary ; Safar'o, flock of sheep. 'Cj' affectionate diminutive for masculine names : Vil'cj'o, Willie. 'AN' inhabitant, member or partisan of : irland'an'o, an Irishman; krist- an'o, a Christian. 'EBL' possibility : vid'ebl'a, visible. 'EC' abstract quality : bel'ec'o, beauty. 'EG' increased degree or size: grand- eg'a, immense; vir'eg'o, a giant. 'EJ' place of action : lern'ej'o, school. 'EM' tendency or inclination: labor- em'a, industrious. 'ER' a unit of a collection: mon'er'o, a coin; sabl'er'o, a grain of sand. 'ESTR' a leader or head: urb'estr'o, mayor ; Sip'estr'o, ship's captain. 'ET' diminution of size or degree : vir- et'o, a tiny man ; varrn'et'a, luke- warm. 'ID' offspring: kat'id'o, a kitten. 'IG' to cause to become: riC'ig'i, to enrich, Tĝ' to become: riC'ig'i, to "get rich." 'IL' tool, means, instrument: kudr'il'o, a needle; tranC'il'o, a knife. 'IN' the feminine: frat'in'o, sister. 'IND' denotes worthiness: kred'ind'a, worthy of belief . 'ING' holder for a single article: ci- gar'ing'o, a cigar-holder. '1ST' a person occupied with • kant'ist'o a singer ; drog'ist'o, a druggist. 'NJ' affectionate diminutive for feminine names : pa'nj'o, mamma. 'UJ' that which contains: krem'uj'o, a cream pitcher. Franco, a French- man ; Franc'uj'o, France. 'UL' a person having the quality of: grand'ul'o, a large person. A POPULAR IDEA More and more each day do we realize the good results of working for and with one another. At first, men combined only for war or other devilment. Today there are manu- facturing armies, buying armies and selling armies, educational armies, health armies. We are putting this idea into the making of books. By enlisting, you will help 9999 others get good books at half price ; that's nice. And the 9999 will help you do the same; that's nicer, and more to the point. The hrst man who saw this plan subscribed. So did the next. And so did the next. And so will you. The membership will cost a two-cent stamp. AMERICAN ESPERANTIST CO. Digitized by Google Forty-five Adverbs, Relative Pronouns, Etc. Have been ingeniously correlated in such a manner that, having learned the meanings of their thirteen elements, one can readily translate all the words. In the following table, the fact that a word is given two or three English synonyms does not indicate that it is of uncertain meaning, but that the English forms vary. (Pages 70-71, 146-147, American Esperanto Book). TABLE OF CORRELATIVE WORDS Indefinite Collective Distributive General Interrogative Relative Negative Demonstrative Quality adjectival IA Some kind of Any kind of Any, Some CIA Every kind of Each kind of Each, Every KIA •What kind of? NENIA No kind of No such No TIA That kind of Such kind of Such a Motive adverbial IAL For some cause For any cause For any reason ĈIAL For every cause For all reasons KIAL For what cause? " what reason? Why? NENIAL For no cause For no reason TIAL For that reason For that cause Therefore Time adverbial IAM At some time At any time Ever ClAM AH the time For all time Always KIAM At what time? When NENIAM At no time Never TIAM At that time Then Place adverbial IE In some place Somewhere Anywhere ĈIE In every place Everywhere KIE In what place? Where NENIE In no place Nowhere TIE In that place There Manner adverbial IEL In some manner In some way Somehow ClEL In every way In all ways KIEL In what manner Like. How As NENIEL In no manner In no way Nohow TIEL In that way So, As Like Possession pronominal IES Some person's Some one's Anybody's ClES Everybody's Every one's Each one's KIES Whose NENIES Nobody's No one's TIES That person's That one's Thing substantival pronominal IO Something Anything CIO Everything All things All KIO What Which NENIO Nothing TIO That thing That Quantity adverbial IOM Some quantity Somewhat A little ĈIOM AH of it All KIOM How much How many NENIOM No quantity None TIOM That much So many As many Individuality pronominal IU Some person Somebody Anybody ĈIU Everyone, Each Every ĈIUJ, All KIU What one Which Who NENIU Nobody No one TIU That person That one That Digitized by Google ffoaV I «he [»»* far patch rarr ess «rt fto* flake rea* flower fto* raft taf flow atff0 fair Aula fair' fair(nubat.) WtimWtruv-times fata hay . [fee.) fwV seal (animal) far leaf.aWt faraf found, start ran I' spring, fount farnan fountain forforth.out.away fwr£ forge, smithy form' shape Unmtmnt •Wit'stove.tui nace ffsrf strength fort.k' strong (to fog" dig [resist) foot post, stake Sstrawberry fltviwn dress coat frnfcag «hatter fralŭfrtsV ash [son framaaon'frcetna- frmmb' raspberry frwn/K-eJe sweets. dainties from*/ fringe frag hit, strike frat brother trima foreign freneg crazy, mad frag" fresh, new frlpon' rogue friz' dress (hair) framaf/ cheese frost/ frost fror rub tW early fnssjsrtK rook fnifct fruit frunf forehead ftig phthisis fulg/ soot ftSafir* lightning flHir* srnokc fyiHf bottom [ation ftmsatmsmtfoutid- fimebr' funeral funaf funnel ftjnsT* mushroom funT pound furag/ forage fttrlejr/ rage fug" bun (He fllf foot (measure) gel ray, merry friir gain, earn spay gall galea rubber-shoe game*' gaiter sjsutf glove [tec garantf guaran- garb' sheaf, shock ganf guard [gle gargar/ rinse, gar- ftWgu grnsf guest gmzsx newspaper sra/d- both sexes ganeraf general (military) ganf tribe genu' knee geef gesture gtaoT ice srtmaf to iron gnu-/ acorn glnggla*s,tiimbJer gtat smooth srsBr/ sword gttf glide, slide **V globe •priory gbr glue gtUf swallow (vb.) ------** throat tful gmf earl, count grajri • grain, ptp gramf grant, tall grag fat graf scratch Rate gratur* congratu- fffttw important graved" pregnant grmtrwr'engrave graft' grain, corn s^crickrt (insect) grate '(intr.) grig grey gru' crane (bird; gmp/ group gudV tar fage ~* gum, mucil- barrel organ „..__ taste gut drop, drip guverr» -/*iW. gc- Tcrness Rtary) ' guard (mit 'grid. Q garden gang groan gari incommode generaT general faarttf polite [adj. garni germ ftw hunp fill Hi giraffe «to until, a» far as «•TJoT.fltad «f enjoy flue* sunt, right H ha ah half hail hsVtocho. (hsU hal' great room, haladWbadexhala- lion halt atop (intr.) haf hair harur harden haifar burring harrAnrp Ilea.) taar akin, (hair, hmf havo [hour have* port,' hnr- hattor' ivy nejm home hsrjf heat (vb.) tier clear, glaring hasp' help hopat liver herb/ grass hered" inherit hero' hero hleraU yesterday Mpekrlf feign hlrud leech [(bird) hlruntf swallow hletrlk' porcupine he! oh I hewanfl to-day hofc' book horn' man heneef honest honor1 honour hour shame tor- hour horde' barley horkex'clock.w'tch hostf sacred host huT hoof hiM-iuT humble humor' humour. hwnoT dog [temper Mag chaos hsjn/ chemical nlmnr* chimera (wear' cholera m>r* chorus, choir I M they, them KsaeskV illuminate kwasr" imagine InstT imitate tanejejT empire - IrasĴMr/ enungle iSt7h dt, influence lay d- ferninines Irratf provoke, in- cite, tease IneTd. worthy of tnamgmf indignant hviwVtobeindul- wrfaiTchild [gent kifehf infect rnf•* hull klthf influence lit* d. holder kttotot uricUte kvjf ink ItsJhtbT inclined to h»mihrnisult,nbttee kit pest part. act. httewe' intend Inter between, anwng; httefvermtereet Intrter- to plot Invtf invite le some-, anything lean a little, some. If go [rather |0 d. oast tense lef d. profession ltd. past part. ki some-, anyone J t. of the plural la in fact ĵa** jacket Jam already fJejiuer' January Jar' year Jo indefinite pre- yes 100 the..the yoke "" walnut dun" July ■US'young Jun«r to couple, harnew Junr June Betticoat, ekirt ust.righteoue jewel Ĵ Jshnf jeaknie Jsfier Thuredey Jet throw lenejf juggle Jur'nwenr [raom'nt Jusjust.atthevery K kafl' pep kndr' frame kndur frail kaT coffee to build junrtnjnrceuhdmvn kontee'onice'coin,) 1 ngoinet to suit, be, fit ' fitring karsf carafe de* kerh'uoul [canter foure" thietle narot' carrot knre/ carp (fiah) ksi I card, map kafteet cardbosrw kaw/ caah box kawawwT atewpan anek helmet kutef ceatle hawker" beaver rauY hide (vb.) krarban chentnut kaf cat katar" catarrh kaŭz" cauae kaa" cave, hollow kamnf cavern kaz" cue (gram.) ke (hat (oonj.) kef cellar kafk" enraa, eeveral ralff I t. of infinitive le some (any) kind lel for some (any) cause, reason lam at some (any) time, ever, once Mf d. descend of luV idea lO some- anywhere M some- anyhow WO some- anyone's Is/-(.causing to be Oĵ*d. becoming / lutrh tfle fcejand [«red book knĵer' paper cov- k-Out cabin, hut kmi corn (on foot) kaloron' boiler kaies carriage kftHk' chalice, cup keJk' lime Inrikan' heel kaJkul reckon keJeen' pants keJumnr slander tosmM biU of ex- change luuTwr camel fire-place field knjl' cane knruU)' hemp knnajr scoundrel louiM'sofa.k>ungc Iowti' kernel keef chest, box We what kind of kkftj why, where- Mem whoa [lore Me where Mel how. u Mat whose Ma what (thing) Mam how much fchV Ides M« who, whkh Waft fathom (ms.) •oa-f clear, plain Mas' class, sort Men/ key (piano) Mar' educated Mwt' bend, incline Maas3tT take trou- Mu/ sluice [ble hnab/ boy toiecT to knead kobaeer goblin, imp kaha/ hip koT neck kiMae/ sausage kllear colleague kOMkf collect "gry dove love ketori column koksr' colour kafsmr' collar [tr. koAMfw1 trade komfarf comfort komtafconuntwion komttaf commit- komlz' clerk [tee komeeT chest of drawenj compare to pity obliging- aetftype) kaW know (he ac- quainted with) stipulation kOftwuk'to conduct lawaflaf to behave konfleT to trust fconfuz to confuse konk shell [infer kenkhjer conclude, kttsvkwT'compete benlpjre/eiitcr into competition [ow konsof be consci- kOWearV preserve kenall to advise kanaaf console honetaf to sutc, establish (a tact] nmaxe cord (music) " to correct IssvW horn Woody court, yard karv' raven kaat' cost, price kaf dirt katan' cottoc katasw'quail (bird kaV to brood ItavarT envelope Imsr* cover Meat spit (saliva) iD-asf grate lowjaaf peoril kraane/ damp krast; tap, spigot krasa* skull krwmf cravat kra' create loraar believe torses/ cream [wild leraar* horse-radish arwak' grow, io- tovf/tmalk [crease towV* burst (in tr.) krf cry, shout (to to, ding addition to kra*]' crown Mac' to cruise MvaV jug, pitcher cruel leg steep " elbow Mlf wosoan's cap SPc cook huh" cookey, cake ■wear cuckoo tariajm' cucumber hwhlH ll' pumpkin kuT gnat ta-ar" epooo hmp/foult, blame tarn with, a, together toanno" rabbit loapr' onpper taer no konB cure, treat hums' courage huro curve klirtejl' curtain huaatt' cuabion kul lie (down) kutjfll' custom ku*/ tub, vat kux' cousin eltbo'gh Quantity four [tow . quarterfof ww* broad, wide earhW larynx xarnf tear (of eye) lue: leave, let •mT lent, latest btfi according to " "* green arbour •T praiae t bud. aloud laW wash led' leatber MT trad legem' vegetable le* law Mf lick amrientil. Iwatw* fnrckle fooifTion leper- bare tern Icam forf «Vilfol clever Mr* letter, epntle le, lilt, raws H he. him - ' free book waif spleen —' bind, tie 'wood(theauh-. limit [stance anau jjnjV.Wuxg. Bfbed [alphabet) ■MW letter (of the ReeWeupplytlcliver leg' entice to* to lodge. live Isrpracn, locality tonf toleecope MT draw lots kf real tad" play luriulaxlerp [ne kavf light -' to shi- km* loins km' moon tut Monday top' wolf topof hope luatr' chandelier tof eokler kn>" otter M ■raw unleavened renew (bread ■tonf bar-beraft WWW ana-run anf raiddie BUnar- measure rat I. roe mMs hcMswBy mMMflC nttwHrWd w-Sravf-1 mtttboussvnd ■eflf war wrtmeW to ttaf?mten Wewegf sheji t Bsght wlwMwawa-tr fOr get-wTevT» mmY wonder [not SftSle4a aswaf'e jw bc-ncmr ■Kw/ move (tr.) aWaar mill wavaV to rott*(wmd awav/ mucui [kc oswtf much, many —f wall masgwav oiuscte suatarrf mustard seat fly (a) swt dumb N i e. of direct obj. mot nation ask* swim .«mr' iwrighboor ■wuTnail (|E*h amJtJnayaT nigntio- Mf turnip anwaf give birth. meektAf be born, avasecg/ beget ■affrnt;awf ■ware-y buriaaM m>r snow (nor nil aak oeaher-. mWdei no kind of naaswjn never mmM nowberc fwasnpj sohow awMwe no one's iwuwa notmng aarwaea not a bit navaw nobody nap grandson ■apr" umwilnuriy waaf neat awf dean copy M we. us WmV black nival'level [dim. p|' d. fem. aflot. nehnT noMemaa ■MhT noble ■avhf night nam' name ■amy number NV new fbw WlMmhf Woven» mil welll smarm' shade, hse may cloud mar naked maV/ nape of una auks' nut maf zero [(No) nam now war only (adv.) Digitized by Google o • e. of nouns •W obey fject eMokr thing;, ob- •»r..-fnid. 2«*.hadow otnbral' timbrella on' d. fractions: end" wave Mil one. people, they: •flW uncle •fit c. fut. part. act. op" d. collective numerals •pint* to opine oportun' handy «r' gold Parity •rr order, regit* ordsn' order, (de- coration) ' ordon' order. com- oref ear i (tnand erf orphan ornr/orga n(m us.) ertont east ernam' ornament •i e. of fut. tense oenetT yawn eet bone •etr* oyster of e. fut. part. pass. •«'egg P law/ peace pacJono' patience paf shoot, fire P^f" pay pad/ page (book) peJr straw psttV pack, put up peT pale psseaT* palace psaWatake , palp* to.u-h. fed pupebr* evrii;) pen' bread pantelen trousers panterr slipper P*4V pope psunsjr' parrot penes' poppy paper* neper penllf butterfly pear* pair, brace perdSW' forgive peretw/ reUtion PMIiWr* by heart parol speak part* part parti' party, par- pea/ pass [ti.d paper* sparrow pass passion peasV Easter peer -paste paster pie [or pertr* priest, past. pa*V to stop [cattle, pads'pasture, feed pat* frying-pan pair' father pars' to pause pav* peacock pavtan' pavement pee/ piece per'pitch peer' wood-pecker petzaflV landscape pakl* "o pfckle pet* drive, chase pest* fur [away pefv* bastn pen' endeavour peweT hang (intr.) paNlk* paintbrush psfia' think pent' to repent paint . . to chirp per bv means ot per* perch (fish) pertT lose parernY partridge pare* perish perfekt to perfect perfler betray II' parch- pearl [ment "Y permit platform perstk' peach pee' weigh (tr.) peat plague pet' request, beg petof be roguish, play the wanton petrol' paraffin oil petrosal parsley pax* weigh (intr.) pi' pious pleer foot, leg umtr pin' pins-tree pine; pinch ptngf pin plnr pointed pjp' pipe (tobacco) plpr* pepper pir* pear putt gravel plat to pound, pit pea [crush pies public square piao' please ptenT plate piafofi' ceiling " sole (of the ,' prick, sting foalKf.plaving) Boor [foot) plat flat, plain ptafiay splash, clap plej most ptekr weave, plait pier/full piencr complain plat tray ptezur' pleasure pfl more ntar* mourn, weep ptu further, longer plough ptum' pen pturnil lead(metsl ' It/ rain apicce.atrateof """" cup, goblet police pollgan'buckwheat J polish pole dust iple dagger bridge pope poplar-tree popor people for, for benefit it door (of pork* hog, pig port wear, carry T possess niter, behind poateri stat ion (mi!) poetuf require, de- pesVpocket [ntand POST post, mail pOtene/ mighty POV* be able, can pra'aw great grandfather "** right (adi.) Y chiefly predik preach prefer prefer pre»* pray pram press mf prize n' take pree' print (vb.) preekaŭ almost prat'ready ((prep.) prater beyond prez' price present to present pel concerning, ah- prlno* prince [out prfnolp' principle prlntemp' spring prttmtprivatrflirnc ro owing to, for the sake of proeont interest •as* lawsuit predukt produce profund deep " to delay to walk pnmmt promise prepon' propose propT (one's) own prosper' succeed. pre/ try [thrive provtz" provide prujri hoar (frost) prun' plum prant to lend pruv* to prove pugn fi*i pul flea f l"hg ewtY gunpowder pulwr powder pump' to pump plin' punish punkt point esMf lace pup' doll pur pure pUS* pus, matter pwaV push put well (subst) putr* to rot n rsuY rob '[count rafaaf rebate, dis- rmben' rabbi nmbot to plane rad* wheef rasw* beam, ray rmdlh root refrn' horseradish rmfIn' refine redttT to ride (on horseback] [rity rmjt right, autho rmlmnt relate rfunc/ crawl rsuY frog rtuW rancid rauieTeage, margin rang' rank, grade rap long radish rapkt quick, rapid raport report raet to rake rat rat rauk' hoarse ratio* caterpillar rm/ravish, delight raz* shave re/ d. Again, back editorial rag/ rule, govern regal regale legil State, realm regttt rule rag* king, reign rektmtpeno'reward rwkt straight nM* rail rem'to row [vh.iir to stuff, bulwark ran' kidney renkont meet reavers' upset respond' reply rest remain [rant reatormol' restau- ret net rtWdream (awake) rezuttaf result rib' currant rtbet to rebel rrseV obtain, get, rf*V rich [receive rtd* laugh rifug* take refuge rtfuz* to refuse rigarer look at rtgr bolt rlkott reap rllat relate to. con- rim' rhyme [cern rimartr to notice rimed* means rtmen' strap ring* ring (subst.) rip rib rlpet repeat ripea* repose, rest riproo' reproach river* river rtz* rice rod" roadstead romp' break road' round, circle rank1 to snore roe' dew roet roast (aiiiin.) trunk (ot rot company (mil.) rot rose rubbish ribbon ruby rug* red ruSt eructate mf roll (tr.) rust rust (tr.) rut trick, ruse 8 Saturday arrow f sack ' salt _. salary ealnt willow ■aasY salmon salt leap, jump ••Jut salute, greet eaaY same aan' health •MIS' Hood •stokY holy eap* soap tmrk* to weed eat satiated aetŭo' sauce eaV save [tally) eof 'know (men- sssOOO* science •OklY squirrel •0 if eeb' grease, fat tad but •eg saw sag' seat, "chair oak dry ___jT rya •eke' dissect sake sex sekt follow eel' saddle asm' sow eemajn' week sen without wno' sense eenor send tent feel, percteve sap seven (her tepteavhtSeptem- —** —irch serious lock,(subet.) see »x Bazoo* season el him-, her-, it-, one-eelf, them- selves (reflex.) •IW to hiss eM* sit BtoflV besiege •Iger seal (vb.) Sign' sign, token stgnir signify ellab' syllable, m£L ab'i to spell allORt to be silent sJlik flint silk' silk sknt' monkey elmir itke, similar Olmpt simple Slnguft hiccup tinjor' Sir. Mr. •Iter bucket eftuaer situation •war scale [blade •kaper shoulder- •fcanuY beetle ■aatal' small box eaerm' to fence eaiz' to sketch •klav slave stu-UT write •ku shake sculpture scale (fish) emerald •ewr* sober •oelet* society eetf thirst eotr threshold ear only, alone "" soldier solemn loosen, solve _ summer •etY^sound (subst). *' dream /ivc out a (as a hell) long for •or¥ absorb eer*/ witchcraft sewsaV wild, sav- aort fate, lot [age •paw" space •pee/ kind, species "" mirror experience #/*/#/ dis- receive (money) •pin' spice' Split' ear (of corn) •pfcJi spine •ptruw/spii •per* breathe spirit' spirit, mind •ptrindefiancefot) ■pron' spur •put' expectorate •tab! staff (mil.) tntautj' station •taT stable, stall •tamp' stamp, •ten* tin [mark standanr flag •tamj' pole •tar' stand etat state, condi- ■twS* stitch [tion eteT star •term* manure •tarn' stretch ouU -*ta prostrate [tie etsrter*(death )rnt- stomach squint ___T* strange •trad/ street •traar stretch streh' streak, tine •trf stripe, wide ' owl [streak ostrich etUrW* starling •Us) under, beneath •ubft* sudden eusV suck surf south •uf er* suffer BUfW sufficient Mfofc' suffocate Mk* sap. juice [(tr.) •ukceri amber have sut> rugar (cei sulphur rinkie •up' soup euper over, above MpetT* suppose «Apr* upper (adj.) •ur upon, on •urer deat surtuf overcoat svat arrange mat- rimony even' to swoon swing (tr.) ear sheep •ajn' seem •sur* chess lajieer shake (tr.) long* change (tr.) ears/ load (a gun) iarg' load, burden sat to prise, like eaum'foam, spray ear shell, peel, rind •eJfc brace (trous.) Iew«y joke •I she. her alkf shield llm* get mouldy liner shingle link'ham lip' ship llr* tear, rend ilrm' shelter llhn' mud Ilea' lock, fasten •man' hearty kiss •ml Y smear, anoint •nut* string leV push forward lover shovel •par be sparing •pin spin Ipruo' sprinkle •rank cupboard Irmŭv' screw liar steel Itat State Itlp log Of W.HVi Iter steal Iter stuff, tissue Hon' stone step' stop up Itrurnp' stocking Itup' step •u* shoe luld' owe IwhT* shoulder •uf shoot out(corn Ivw/swell [&e. T tssssuY tobacco trdHsr list taJbT tabic tsuajrpUnk, board SjUr* Uilor taiuY estimate taJT waist talp' mole (animal) tAjnbur' drum tmmeri however taaset* tapestry tapil carpet taw* cup (tea) tsulg- be fit for tavor layer to' tea taw* tedious tafr* cover (furni- ture, Ice) tagmenf root tekk weave plate time [(anat __—r~ l e m pie ten' hold, grasp toner tent tent* tempt, try tor* earth tern' »ncexe tontt terror teetud* tortoise tetr* grouse tia such a Ual therefore •Jam then tie there Uel thus, so tlkt tickle tiff lime-tree tme/ moth [es tint* dink ol glass- tio that (thing) tlewi so much tar* draw, pull War title «u that tef Unen toler* tolerate "' tomb, grave dip, shear ■* thunder — - wind, twist tort* peat tern' turn (lathe) tern ietY knapsack tort tart tm through tradYbcamJofwood liwUuh' translate " ~ hit, reach feature cut quiet tr* vary trwaY tremble trrawoV to dip tratl* drag, trail trazor' treasure til three trtnk' drink heat too (much) rte/ deceive trotuar' side-walk trov* find trV hole tnitf force upon trunk* trunk, stem tub' tube tabeY bulb tuf tuft tuj immediately tuV cloth, ketduef tur* tower turnT thrush torment iuni' turn (v.a.) tuo/ rough tusV tcaidi tut* whole, quite U e. imperative H/d. containing ur d. remarkable for unYindef. suffix. ixmblllh navd ung* nail (finger) UIW one urb' town ur* bear (animal) urtlk nettle uefe. of conditional Uter* womb trtff useful tt* use V vag' roam Mb*' wax vaY valley be worth Ins".' vain, needless vauej* check vsuil vnin, futile vapor' steam varb' to recruit varter smallpox VBsrnV warm v*rt* nurse (child) vawt' wide, vast »*«* vase vejn* vein vow' wake, arouse vef sail (suhst.) vsek* fade velvet Fridaj •M|t^ vengeance vena? conquer to air votror' belly inst*' true vernT green pare» vbi'g/ rod -«' whip, tef work (liter- verm' worm Jary) vera' verse uk^wasi verukT wast vssto' wasp "* evening ' bat to clothe veshV waistcoat vet' het, wager voter* weather (rle vetur* go (by vchi- verhY blister, blad- vl you [der vtejteT meat, flesh vte' row, rank, turn vmT see VtdV widower vlgf alert duvg* village vln' wine tnViaav* vinegar rirrtr winter •lor violet vfolon' violin *!•/ whip ww* man. male vwg* virginal vlrr virtue vkV wipe tfrbr* t glass (sub- vty* live [stance) vusuV face «alt visit, call on vol' voice VOj*. way, road VOksg* vovagc vttir cat! vor wish, wfli vokmt w'llingly VOlv' wrap ron'tul. vom'toinit [roll up v*rr word veer tail vuar veil vulp' fox vurtur' svtlturc vund* wound z ZOO* girdle zorg1 care for sum to busi Digitized by Google ^L^W^n^ ^iw C^U^» (feu* ^&dti^C- CA^tud^t fie^p • " Responding to the very general demand that we place l The American Esperanto Book within the reach of persons who cannot afford the best edition, or who, being not yet jEsperantists, do not care to subscribe to our magazine a full 'year to obtain the premium book, we have decided that all I teachers and clubs may now give the premium book with a six months' subscription at FIFTY CENTS." /Af> /^-^t^t^ ^ cy hjsuCOfiJ9C Sis-point Roman. Standard line, low capitals only. Mergenthaler Magazine-Keyboard Plan of In the accompanying table there is placed op- posite each Esperanto character the number of the channel, and the character that it displaces. Let every Esperanto club see to it that the local newspapers are equipped to set Esperanto matter. Supply the composing-room foremen with copies of this table. The above proofs of faces and table of arrangement contain all the information we can give relative to the subject. Your printer understands the technical terms. Supplies may be had from the Mergenthaler Linotype Co., New York, New Orleans, Chicago or San Francisco. Esperanto Type for Hand Composition The American Type Founders Co., with branches all over North America, will supply Esperanto letters in body Roman. Barnbart Bros. &Spindler, Chicago., have made for Amerika Esferantisto the follow- ing Esperanto characters: 6-pt. " ~ĈĜftJŜ0ĉ6H}St>eĝn)ŝn 8-pt. ĈĜŝĉgiSŭ eŭeĝĥĵŝn io-pt. ĈĜ ŝe gĵ ŝŭ CŭeĝĥĵSŭ ĉtĝjsŭ 12-pt. ĈĜŜttĉĝĵŝŭ ĈĜĴSŭ ĜflĴŜŭeĝĵŝŭ C/** t"T Any of the characters shown here may be obtained from the firm named, in V-J" VJ quantities of 1-4 lb. each ; prices 60c to 75c per lb. Very small, but com- plete fonts of any of above faces, with no letters not shown, are mailed by us at 50c each. Esperanto Typs-Composition There is no higher class of composition than that furnished by us. Every proof is read three times, broken type carefully removed and plate-proofs inspected. If you have a book or pamphlet, write us. Usually, our rate will be $1.00 per 1,000 ems—same as any other high grade house in Chicago would estimate for English work of similar quality. In Esperanto, our work cannot be excelled in the world, nor equalled nearer than Paris. Copper electrotypes, good for 100,000 impressions, supplied at cost. AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO 186 FORTIETH STREET ft ft CHICAGO Digitized by VjOOQlC CLASSIFIED ADVERTISING WE will print in this department little advertisements of any reputable business, requests for correspondence, etc. More than 25,000 people will read this page. If you have something to sell or trade, tell them about it. Rate per line, 10c flat; no discounts, and minimum charge 20c. Single line correspon- dence address, twice for 20c. International coupons or one-cent stamps. ONI enpresas en tiu 6i fako anoncetojn pri iaindaafero, petojn pri korespondado, ktp. Pli multaj ol 25,000 homoj legos tiun Ĉi paĝon. Se vi havas ion, kion vi deziras aŭ vendi aŭ doni interSanĝe, anoncu al ili pri gi. Po 20 spesdekoj por Ĉiu linio, Nenia rabato.. La minimuma sumo, 40 Sd. Unu-linia adreso en fako de korespondado, du monatojn por 40Sd. Kuponojn afi markojn. KLASIGITAJ ANONCETOJ KORESPONDADO I-a signo 1* montras, ke oni deziras nur poŝtkartojn ilus- tritajn; L, nur leterojn; sen signo, leterojn att kartojn. USONO Joseph J. Burita. 114 Crighton Ave, Elgin, Illinois. 1* William J. Smith, Osceola Mills. Pennsylvania. t* Dr. L. C. Oyster, Lumberport. W. Va. Mrs. Alice J. Unruh, 574 E. Main St.. Bradford, Penna. 1* D. W. Newton, New Rockford. N. D. Dr. B. K. ŝimonek, 544 Blue Island Ave., Chicago. Chas. C. Melvin Jr., Box BB, Bradford, Penna. Matie Hansen, Box 54, Greenville, Mich. P Miss Effie Pryor. Sedalia. Ky. P H. L. Brown, 2610 Schaal Ave., Terre Haute. Indiana. Ward K. Richardson, Salem. Oregon. Jackson K. Fairchild, Corvallis. Oregon. W. A. Henry, Canyon City, Oregon. P Fno. Ella Berger. 540 East igth St., Oakland. Calif. P Lawrence Klassen. North Amherst, Ohio. P Dro. R, W. Luce, Box 1033. Newaygo. Michigan. Harry Farbstein. 160 Devilliers St., Pittsburgh, Pa. John E. Cassidy, 612 East 4th Street, Crowley. Louisiana. FREMDAJ LANDOJ Volas korespondi kun ciulandaj esperantistoj, aparte kun medicinistoj pri medicinaj demandoj, Sro. Perott. prez- idanto de la ruslanda societo "Esperanto," Str. Simbir- skaja, 47, log. g., St. Petersburg. P W. W. Weaver, 102 Vito Cruz, Manila, P. I. P Pri la vivo kaj kutimoj de la amerikaj indianoj.—Emile Chibault, 8 Rue'Cosprille, Orleans, France. Rudolf Riedl, obere Viaduktgasse 36, Vienna III, Austria, petas statistikon pri Ciulandaj esperantistaj kluboj. P Armando Rabello, Rue Clara de BarrosE 1, E. do RJac- huelo, Rio de Janeiro.Brazil. PL Isao C. Saito, 120 Nishitobe, Yokahama. Japan. Carlos Charrier, Calle Zabala 77. Montevideo. Uruguay. Julius Boschan, Hybernergasse 40. Prague, Bohemia. Charles Roux, Greffier du Tribunal, Philippeville, Algiers P Sro. W. Schafraad, Leenwarden, Holland. Nur beie koloritaj kartoj. PP. M. Sorensen, Jyllandsgate 37. Fredericia, Denmark. Emanuel Batek, Ozek ap. Kokycany, Bohemia. G. Allard, Granda Holelo Coomans, Rotterdam, Holland. Pri ekskursoj al fremdaj landoj. Hugo Salokannel, Kymi. Finland. Pri kontraOalkoholismo P F. Ramos, Credit Lyonnaise, Valencia, Spain. P E. Bigot, 20, rue de la Chancellerie, Versailles, France. P N. Moesgaard, ig Kirkestrade. Koge, Denmark, E. C. Bluett. Walumba. N. S. W., Australia. Fno. C. Travers. Heathheld.Davey St.,Hobart, Tasmania P S. Nicholl, 57. Gordon Road, Wanstead, Essex, England J. W. Barclai, Winnitza, Podolia, Russia. P Fno. Libuse Samkova. Prague, Katlin, Bohemia. P Ladislav Feierabend, Hradek, Kialovi. Bohemia. Jakobo Baumann, Supernumerar, Strassburg im Elsass, (Ruprechtsauer ror 2) Germanujo. P H. Wuttke, Pionierstrasse 21, Magdeburg, Germanujo. MI aODAS VIN (Zamknhof-Hakris).—La unua kanto Esperanta eldonita en Usono. Meza voĉo. Prezo. •-35: 5 ekz., $1.50. Herbert Harris, The Churchill, Portland, Maine. INTERĜANĜI kreskajojn kaj florojn kun Esperantistoj, precipe ne-usonaj. Ankaŭ Satus ricevi leterojn de tiuj kiuj logas eksterlande. Charles Kenneth Stollemeyer, Hancock. Maryland, U. S- A. ESPERANTO BUTTONS! ^jo |lJ**>k Wear the Green Star/ Si 15c each, postpaid; two for 25c; in — clubs, if nine or more are ordered, 3 for 25c. Cut shows size and design. Green text and star on white ground. H. D. KING, 287 De Kalb Avenue. Brooklyn. N. Y. * A % Sendu vian Mendon=Send Your Order! (54 literoj kaj spacoj faras Union; Sd. 20po linio) {54 letters and spaces make a line; 10 cents a line) minimum 20c—Sd. 40 Amerika Espepantisto: Mi enfermas......Sd. latt via tarifo. Mi I enclose.....cents per your rate card. I volas korespondi per P poŝtkartoj ilustritaj L leleroj wish to correspond by P picture post cards L letters 1SKRIBU KLARE! WRITE PLAINLY ll Nomo Name THE SIX BEST SELLERS That new book, Clark's "international Language," was not only one of the six best sellers, but it was five of them. The other one was Kabe's Unua Legolibro. We ordered double quantities of each of these, being confident of their popular- ity, but were not prepared for the storm of orders which cleaned out the stock of "International Language" the tenth day after the review appeared. If you want a copy of either book, order now and let us file your order, as the second ship- ment of each may be exhausted soon after receipt. One comes from Berlin,, the other from London. ■ Digitized by Google LET THE WOMEN ALONE! is as good advice now as it was when Paul gave it to Timothy. The above lady is the dream our artist had. Looks as though Phoebus is wrong in say- ing the lady hadn't moved, as Hammersmith catches her in the act of making off with a sign of the Quaker Oats. At any rate, we still have on hand quite an edition of the post cards in this design and it's the woman's fault. To get revenge we shall keep right on selling them at cost, which means $1.00 for 100, or 30c for 25, postpaid. Printed in black and green on India tint board. Ain't it awful, Mabel ? Frankly, yes, but look at some they send us! And besides that we bezonas—sh!--la monon. AMERICAN ESPERANTIST COMPANY TELL your DEALER that he CAN get this magazine with return privilege from the Western News Co. or any branch. And it SELLS and he can sell it OUT. Digitized by Google FROM THE TIME when a handful of grasshoppers for en- tree, with wild berries for dessert, failed to satisfy the growing needs of the human animal, his life has been a pro- longed game of hustle. The hustle was good for him—it de- veloped his wits, heightened his forehead and stood him up on his hind legs to lord it over the rest of creation. Strange to say, however, the individual does not appreciate this great blessing; we are perfectly ready to do all our hustling vicariously, and the only terms on which we willingly consent to stew in our own personal sweat is when we call the thing "sport." Chasing the grasshoppers, gathering up the clams, beating down the nuts and milking the cows we call labor; certain it is, too, that no sane person wants to labor. So the whole problem is, and for time out of memory of the race, it has been to eat the hop- pergrasses without chasing them and to gather eggs where our hens have not laid. Various devices indeed have we used to reach this end. Sometimes we put brass rings in our noses and the people who hadn't brass rings in their noses came and worshipped us and fed us; sometimes we put a stiff club in our hand, and the people who owned smaller clubs fell down and paved our path with broiled lobster and stewed prunes. We have robbed, mur- dered and enslaved, so long as that was the fashion. It is out of fashion to do those things directly and openly today, therefore it is not profitable, and because it is not profitable it is out of fashion. As a matter of fact, there is more or less of real work at- tached to any way of getting a living, but because in three forms the effort is reduced to such a small minimum, these stand in sharp contrast to all others, and every mothers' son of us is and has been all his life, trying to get into the habit of making a liv- ing in one of those ways. These three methods are called rent, interest, and profit. Rent consists in owning real estate and in making a low- browed fool pay for the priviledge of living upon it. It is good, and supports our best families. Profit consists in using your noddle to create fictitious values, and is the only one of the three games in which there is real fun or which requires much brains. To buy five cents' worth of laundry soao, make it into twenty packages of Dr. Grabband Skinnem's Marvellous Corn Specific and sell it to a crowd of suckers for a dollar per specific, is a fair sample of the profit game, high and low.. Usuallv, the size of the percent- age is the measure of the abilitv of the profit-taker. Interest is where you come in. You do not care to sell corn cure. You meet the genius and buy the soap for him, taking his Digitized by Google promise to repay you the five cents, with a little added money. Interest is the most stupendous fiction in which the human mind ever indulged. It is based upon a mathematical impos- sibility, and every interest game is a losing game. Figure it for yourself. Value the Atlantic ocean at one cent. Suppose that "creation" was a hundred thousand years ago. "Invest" one drop of water at a septillionth part of a cent, compound, five- per-cent interest. Why, man, twenty earths of solid gold wouldn't pay the bill today! The only answer to the interest problem is—death. In every forest, part of the trees are dying, and in the business world part of the enterprises are always dying and repudiating their debts, capital, principal, interest and dividends. But since the span of human life is so short, and most of us are more concerned with present and pressing problems than with pure mathematics, it is quite possible to select, if one is possessed of good average gumption, investments which give reasonable assurance of paying their interest charges for one human life-time. An industrial concern can well afford to pay interest, or dividends, so long as it is GREEN AND GROWING, just as a farmer can afford to buy seed-grain if he has a field to plant. He can pay any reasonable interest on the cost of that grain, too, for he expects to reap twenty-to-one or a hundred- to-one. Make a note of those words, GREEN AND GROWING. Therein is the whole solution of the interest problem. INVESTING IN ESPERANTO. Two years ago, in a Texas town, an old man laid a copy of O'Connor's text-book of Esperanto before me. He was far ad- vanced in years, and was putting his affairs in order and prepar- ing to give up his place on earth. And he said: "Young man, there's something that will GROW." I took a note of the pub- lisher's address and wrote for the book. After many years in printing and country newspaper work I was touring the country then as a lyceum entertainer, but that little book and the little scheme worked themselves into my thought-system and insist- ently repeated: "Young man, THERE'S something that will GROW". It was all perfectly plain—there was to be an Esperanto magazine in America and yours truly was to sit on the main desk. But how and when? Returning from a lecture trip which left some unusual dol- lars in hand, I published the first number of AMERIKA ESPER- ANTISTO. For four months I hustled about, giving lectures to support myself and the paper, never discouraged or doubting the ultimate outcome for a moment. Then it dawned upon me that as I was compelled to sell the victim a book before he could read the paper, a book was necessary to the life of the paper. It Digitized by Google was too big an undertaking, so I wrote a western publisher about the scheme and he responded that he could handle the book. I slammed it together in two weeks and took the "copy" to see him. With the manuscript still in my trunk I described the book to him and he said: "It's too big for me to publish, but if you'll get it out I'll take a thousand copies." Stung! No—not at all. When you can sit across the table from a man you never saw before and sell him a thousand cop- ies of a book that only yourself has ever read in manuscript— nobody but a born pessimist could "kick" at that. But he saw, and there was the reason—Esperanto is GREEN AND GROW- ING. That set fire to my smouldering optimism, and I squandered $3.50 for a Pullman berth on the trip to Chicago, rented a room and hired a stenographer to do the rough work while I went out to place the manuscript of The American Esperanto book. Ten, twenty, thirty interviews followed with ten, twenty, thirty publishers, in ten, twenty thirty days. One of them even exam- ined the manuscript, or said he did. Most of them had never heard of Esperanto. I found a publisher who agreed to lend me $150.00 for sixty days if I would pay him back $150.00 in money and $150.00 in royalties. I bought $150.00 worth of type, had it sent to my bed-room, told the electrotypers to call every day for the page-forms, and in six weeks the plates were ready for the press. I can still set type when you git me riled. In the meantime, of course, I had disoensed with Miss Bir- mingham, the stenographer, and otherwise reduced expenses. I could have used the $3.50 which the Pullman berth—in fact, the auarter I gave the porter—but what's the use? The pleasant spot in the whole memory—or rather the two oleasant spots—are the bulging eyes of the landlady that time I handed her the thirty-five dollars room rent. She was waver- ing between thrifty delight at the return of the shekels she had mourned as lost and cantankerous disaopointment because her gloomv prophesies as to the sad end of "folks what tries t' re- form der world" seemed slipping away into the twilight. GETTING CLOSER TO THE POINT. Why am I telling you this? Under the bridge which spans the river are concrete piers, set down in the sand, to solid bottom. Men dug and dug for weeks in cassions laying those foundations. Thev are out of sight. They don't beautify the landscape. They don't even make a noise. But they had to be there, just the same. Two years of steady digging are in the foundation, and the beginning stage of this magazine has been passed. It is no longer an experi- ment. But because I want it to be a big success and want your help in it, and am going to ask you, a little farther along in this advertisement, to put your money into it, you ought to know Digitized by Google just how and why it began and how the foundation was laid. There has been no scratching of the surface. And I am not one bit more confident of its ultimate success now than when one edition was delayed two weeks for lack of two dollars to pay the postage. But come down to date and up to the point. Publicity by means of the printed page must be the power behind any great popular movement. A strongly-built system of advertising constitutes a great part of our propaganda for Esperanto. The system used by AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO has been and is to convert the individual to Esperanto by selling him a book with which to learn it, and a periodical to "jog up" or refresh his interest in it. When he pays us $1.50 for book and magazine he must not only pay the full cost of both, but must pay the cost of convincing him that he should take up Esperanto. And we figure that every Esperantist has a personal, proprietary, re- ligious interest in the pushing of the propaganda, and is quite content to have us give him back full value for part of his money, and to spend the rest convincing his neighbor. That is the kind of foundation we are laying—propaganda, propa- ganda, and always more propaganda. We need more capital in this prapaganda. I told you a year ago that we needed $100,000, and it is just as true today, but I don't expect to get it. Now, I'm going to tell you what I think you can, and will do, for Esperanto. We need an equipment fund of $5,000, a stock fund of about the same sum, and a working capital of like amount. These will relieve our "growing pains" for a while, at least, and that much is imperativelv necessary. It is not needed for expenses —we take reasonable care that expenses and receipts shall just about balance each other; but we cannot possibly take full ad- vantage of the opportunity open to us to push the propaganda of Esperanto without a large increase of capital. Those who invest this money will not be managers of the business, but, in the last analysis, thev will be its owners; their investments being preferred above mine as to principal and in- terest. You can reasonably expect to get interest or dividends onlv when you invest in something that's GREEN AND GROWING. Esperanto is on the road to BIGNESS. IF ESPERANTO WINS OUT. American machinery and American business methods have foretold that the biggest Es- peranto publishing house in the world will be in America. If it is in America, it will be in Chicago. Have YOU any idle capital which you are willing to invest at 7 per cent per annum, semi-annual cumulative dividends? If so, write and say HOW MUCH you have, and I'll enlighten you as to our proposal. Digitized by Google New Premium Edition THE AMERICAN ESPERANTO BOOK A COMPENDIUM OF THE INTERNATIONAL AUXILIARY LANGUAGE ESPERANTO None*.—This book is published for free circulation, one copy being given wilt a yearly subscription to Amerika Esfsrantisto, To offer it for sale in any other manner would be an infringement of the publishers' copyright. CHICAGO AMERICAN ESPEKANTIST COMPANY 1908 Exact size shown ; bible paper, paper cover ; total weight 4 oz. Sewed, opens flat, easily carried in pocket. Free with a yearly subscription to AMERIKA ESPERANTISTO. Same text as the cloth-bound book, less seven unimportant pages. See p. 2, cover. Digitized by Googl W. "The very beet manual yet produced.-—The British Esftrantist Digitized by Vj0O3l€